INDEX

1
INTRODUCTION
2
OBJECTIVES IN THE PROJECT

3 Phases of System Development

Life Cycle (SDLC)
4
FLOW CHART
5
OUTPUT
6 Testing Methodology

7 Hardware and Software

Requirements
8
BIBLIOGRAPHY

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PROJECT ON RAILWAY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Introduction

The Railway Management System (RMS) implemented in Python is

designed to provide a comprehensive solution for managing train
schedules, booking tickets, and handling user and administrative tasks
within a railway system.
This system is built with a robust backend using Python and
MySQL for database management. It allows for seamless integration
of user operations such as registration, login, train search, ticket
booking, and cancellation, as well as administrative tasks like
managing train schedules.
The program leverages key concepts in Python, such as object-oriented
programming, database connectivity, and simple text-based interfaces,
to create a practical and functional railway management tool. The
system supports two primary roles: User and Admin, with
functionalities designed to ensure smooth operations in a railway
environment.

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 OBJECTIVES IN THE PROJECT

he Railway Management System (RMS) project has several key objectives that aim to
streamline and optimize the management of train schedules, ticket bookings, and
administrative tasks in a railway environment. These objectives focus on enhancing
efficiency, ensuring accurate data handling, and improving user experience.

Here are the primary objectives of the project:

1. Efficient Train Schedule Management

 Objective: To provide an easy-to-use interface for administrators to manage train
schedules, including adding, updating, and viewing train details.
 Goal: Simplify the process of maintaining and updating train schedules, fares, and
availability, reducing errors and improving the accuracy of information.

2. User Registration and Authentication

 Objective: To allow users to register, log in, and securely access the system.
 Goal: Ensure that only authorized users can perform operations such as booking
tickets, viewing schedules, and canceling tickets. User credentials are securely
stored and validated.

3. Train Search and Display Functionality

 Objective: To enable users to search for available trains between a specific origin
and destination.
 Goal: Provide users with a comprehensive list of available trains, along with details
like train number, name, journey time, and fare information for different classes
(AC, SL, and General).

4. Ticket Booking and Generation of PNR

 Objective: To allow users to book tickets by selecting a train, entering personal
details, and generating a PNR number for each ticket.
 Goal: Simplify the booking process for users while ensuring that every ticket is
uniquely identified by a PNR number, which serves as a reference for managing
the booking.

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5. Dynamic Fare Calculation
 Objective: To dynamically calculate the fare for each ticket based on the class of
travel (AC, SL, or General).
 Goal: Make the fare system transparent and easily understandable, with users being
able to see the fare before confirming the booking.

6. Ticket Cancellation
 Objective: To allow users to cancel their booked tickets by entering the PNR
number.
 Goal: Provide users with the flexibility to cancel their bookings while ensuring the
system updates the status of the ticket and releases seats accordingly.

7. Admin Access and Security

 Objective: To allow administrative users to perform operations such as adding new
trains, viewing train schedules, and managing the database of users and bookings.
 Goal: Provide a secure and controlled environment for admins, with password
protection for sensitive operations.

8. Real-Time Updates of Date and Time

 Objective: To display the current date and time whenever the user interacts with the
system.
 Goal: Provide real-time information to users and admins, enhancing the user
experience and ensuring accurate scheduling.

9. Data Storage and Integrity

 Objective: To implement a robust database system that ensures secure storage of
user data, train schedules, and ticket booking information.
 Goal: Maintain data consistency and integrity by using relational databases
(MySQL), ensuring that the system remains stable, and records are accurately
updated and retrieved.

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10. User-Friendly Interface
 Objective: To develop a simple, text-based interface that is intuitive and easy to
navigate.
 Goal: Allow users of varying technical backgrounds to interact with the system,
reducing complexity and improving user engagement.

11. Random PNR Number Generation

 Objective: To generate a unique PNR number for each ticket booking using
random number generation.
 Goal: Ensure that every ticket booked is uniquely identifiable, simplifying booking
management and tracking.

12. Scalable and Maintainable System

 Objective: To design the system in such a way that it can be easily maintained and
scaled for future updates or increased usage.
 Goal: Ensure that the system is adaptable to future enhancements (such as
integrating with real-time train data, payment gateways, etc.) and can be scaled to
handle a large number of users and transactions.

13. Minimize Human Errors and Manual Work

 Objective: To automate the core functions of the railway system, such as booking
and schedule management, reducing human intervention.
 Goal: Decrease the chance of errors that might arise from manual ticketing,
scheduling, or fare calculation, thus improving the overall efficiency of the railway
system.

14. Provide Reports and Insights (Admin)

 Objective: To offer reports on ticket bookings, cancellations, and train schedules for
admin users.
 Goal: Help administrators track bookings, cancellations, and generate insights into
system usage, enabling better decision-making for train operations and capacity
management.

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 Proposed System
The proposed Railway Management System provides a unified platform to manage all
Essential railway operations digitally. It aims to replace traditional manual
processes with an automated system that enhances accuracy, efficiency, and
scalability.

Key Features of the Proposed System:

1. Database Management: The system creates and manages an SQL-based database
(railway_management) using MySQL for storing users, train schedules, and
ticket bookings. It ensures data integrity with relational table relationships (e.g.,
foreign keys linking users and tickets).
2. User Registration and Login: New users can register with their details (e.g., name,
phone number, email) to create an account. Once registered, users can log in using
their credentials to access the system.
3. Train Search: Users can search for trains based on their origin and destination
stations. The system displays available trains, their respective fares, and schedules
in a tabular format using the tabulate library.
4. Ticket Booking: Registered users can book tickets by selecting a train, entering
personal details (e.g., name, age, gender), and choosing a ticket class (AC, SL, GEN)
The system generates a unique PNR number for the booking and stores the ticket
information in the database.
5. Ticket Cancellation: Users can cancel their previously booked tickets by providing
the PNR number associated with the ticket. The system verifies the ticket and
updates the status to "cancelled" if valid.
6. Admin Panel: The Admin role allows for managing the train schedule. Admins can
add new trains with relevant details like train number, name, origin, destination,
journey time, and fare structure. Admins also have access to view all existing trains
in the database.
7. Security: The system includes basic security features such as password-based
authentication for both users and admins, ensuring that only authorized individuals
can perform sensitive operations.
8. Real-Time Date and Time: The system displays the current date and time in the
format YYYY-MM-DD and HH:MM:SS to give users a sense of real-time operations.
9. Random PNR Generation: Each booked ticket is assigned a PNR number
(Passenger Name Record), which is generated randomly, ensuring a unique identifier
for each ticket.

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Phases of System Development Life Cycle
(SDLC)
The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a structured approach used to design,
develop, and maintain software systems. For the Railway Management System (RMS)
project, the SDLC phases can be tailored to ensure that the system is developed
efficiently, effectively, and meets the requirements of users and administrators.
Here are the typical phases of SDLC applied to the Railway Management System:

1. Requirement Gathering and Analysis

Objective:

 In this phase, the focus is on gathering all the requirements from stakeholders (e.g.,
railway administrators, users, and technical teams).
 The goal is to identify what features and functionalities the Railway Management
System should have.

Activities:

 Interviews with stakeholders: Conducting meetings with administrators, users, and

other stakeholders to understand their needs.
 Defining system requirements: Gathering functional and non-functional
requirements such as ticket booking, train schedules, fare calculations, and admin
functionalities.
 Creating use cases and user stories: Documenting how users and admins will
interact with the system (e.g., search for trains, book tickets, manage train schedules).
 Documenting system specifications: Preparing a Requirements Specification
document to formalize the project scope.

Outcome:

 A detailed requirement specification document outlining system features, user

expectations, and performance criteria.

2. System Design
Objective:

 In the design phase, the technical architecture of the system is defined, which
includes both high-level design (system architecture) and detailed design (modules,
components, and database).
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Activities:

 High-level system design: Designing the overall architecture of the system,

including client-server communication, and defining the relationship between
different modules (e.g., user registration, train schedule management, ticket booking)
 Database design: Designing the relational database schema (tables, relationships,
primary/foreign keys) to store train schedules, user information, and booking records
 UI/UX design: Creating wireframes or mockups of the user interface for both admin
and user interactions. This helps visualize the system before development.
 Defining APIs and integrations: Planning how different components of the system
(such as the backend and frontend) will interact, including database queries, user
authentication, and communication between client and server.

Outcome:

 System Architecture Diagram

 Database Schema Design
 Detailed User Interface (UI) Mockups
 API/Module Descriptions

3. Implementation (Coding/Development)

Objective:

 This phase involves the actual coding of the system based on the design
specifications from the previous phase.

Activities:

 Backend development: Implementing the server-side logic, including the creation

of the database, coding train schedule management, ticket booking, user
authentication, and other essential features using Python and MySQL.
 Frontend development: Building a command-line interface (CLI) or a graphical
user interface (GUI) where users and admins can interact with the system.
 Unit testing: Writing and executing unit tests to ensure each module or function
behaves as expected (e.g., testing train search, ticket booking, and fare calculation).
 Error handling and logging: Ensuring that appropriate error messages are provided
for invalid inputs or system failures and implementing logging to track issues.

Outcome:

 Fully developed Railway Management System.

 Functional modules such as user registration, login, train search, booking, and
cancellation.
 All features tested individually.
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4. Integration and Testing

Objective:

 This phase involves integrating all the individual components and testing the entire
system to ensure it works as intended.

Activities:

 System integration: Combining all modules and ensuring that they work together as
a unified system (e.g., making sure the user registration integrates smoothly with
ticket booking and train schedules).
 System testing: Testing the system as a whole, checking for bugs, performance
issues, and unexpected behavior. This includes functional testing (e.g., checking
train search, booking process) and non-functional testing (e.g., load and stress
testing).
 User acceptance testing (UAT): Involving real users (or testers) to test the system
and ensure it meets the requirements gathered in the first phase.
 Bug fixing and optimization: Identifying and fixing any errors, bugs, or
performance bottlenecks discovered during testing.

Outcome:

 A fully integrated and tested Railway Management System.

 Report on identified bugs and fixes.
 A finalized version of the system ready for deployment.

5. Deployment

Objective:

 The system is moved from the development environment to a live, production

environment where real users can access and use it.

Activities:

 System deployment: Installing the system on the target server or hosting

environment (e.g., local server, cloud-based server).
 Database migration: Deploying the database with the live data.
 Configuration and setup: Configuring the system for use (e.g., setting up MySQL,
configuring environment variables, network settings).
 Data migration: If applicable, migrating data from an old system or initial test data
to the production database.
 Initial training: Training administrators or staff on how to use the system to manage
schedules, bookings, and cancellations.
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Outcome:

 The Railway Management System is fully operational and accessible by users and
admins in the production environment.

6. Maintenance and Support

Objective:

 Post-deployment, the system is monitored and maintained to ensure it remains

functional, performs well, and meets user needs.

Activities:

 Bug fixes and updates: Addressing any bugs or issues that arise after the system
goes live and implementing any minor improvements or feature requests.
 System monitoring: Monitoring the system for any performance or downtime issues
and ensuring that the system is running smoothly (e.g., monitoring server health,
database performance).
 User feedback and enhancement: Gathering feedback from users and
administrators to identify areas for improvement and adding new features to enhance
the system.
 Security updates: Regularly updating the system and database to address potential
security vulnerabilities, including patching software, improving encryption, and
ensuring user data is protected.

Outcome:

 Continuous system availability and reliability.

 Periodic software updates and improvements.
 Improved system performance based on user feedback.

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 FLOW CHART
+---------------------------- +
| Start Program |
+---------------------------- +
|
v
+---------------------------- +
| Display Main Menu |
+---------------------------- +
|
+------------+ ------------ +
| |
+---v---+ +---v---+
| Login | | Register |
+ ------ + + -------- +
| |
+---v---+ +----v ---- +
| Check | | Store |
| Credentials | New User |
+ ------ + +----------+
| |
+---v---+ +----v -----+
| Valid? | | Success |
+---+---+ + --------- +
| |
+---v---+ v
| User |----------------->+ ----------------------- +
| Login | | Main Menu (New User) |
+-------+ + ---------------------- +
|
+---v--- +
| Dashboard +---v -- +
+----------+ | Admin |
| 1. Search | --------------> Panel |
| 2. Book | + ------ +
| 3. Cancel | |
| 4. Logout | +----v ---+
+------------+ | Admin Panel |
| +--------------+
v
+-----v-----+ + ----------- +
| Book | <--------------->| Train |
| Ticket | | Insert |
+-----+-----+ +---------+

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 Source Code
import random
import pymysql as con
from tabulate import tabulate
import datetime

# Function to create a database connection

def create_db_connection():
return [Link](host="localhost", user="root", password="0000", database="railway_management")

# Function to create database and tables if they do not exist

def create_db_and_tables():
dbo = [Link](host="localhost", user="root", password="0000")
co = [Link]()

# Create the database if it doesn't exist

[Link]("CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS railway_management")
[Link]()

# Use the created database

dbo.select_db("railway_management")

# Create the users table if it doesn't exist

[Link]("""
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
user_id VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(100),
phone_no VARCHAR(20),
email_id VARCHAR(100),
password VARCHAR(100)
)
""")

# Create the train_schedule table if it doesn't exist

[Link]("""
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS train_schedule (
train_no INT PRIMARY KEY,
train_name VARCHAR(100),
origin VARCHAR(100),
destination VARCHAR(100),
journey_distance INT,
journey_time VARCHAR(50),
ac_fare INT,
sl_fare INT,
gen_fare INT,
days_available VARCHAR(100)
)
""")

# Create the booked_tickets table if it doesn't exist

[Link]("""
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS booked_tickets (
pnr_no INT PRIMARY KEY,
user_id VARCHAR(20),
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 train_no INT,
customer_name VARCHAR(100),
age INT,
gender CHAR(1),
fare INT,
status VARCHAR(50),
FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(user_id),
FOREIGN KEY (train_no) REFERENCES
train_schedule(train_no))""")

[Link]()
[Link]()

# Function to display the current date and time

def display_current_date_and_time():
current_date = [Link]().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
current_time = [Link]().strftime("%H:%M:%S")

print(f"Current Date: {current_date}")

print(f"Current Railway Time: {current_time}")

# Registration for new users

def new_user():
dbo = create_db_connection()
co = [Link]()
user_id = input("Enter your User ID: ")
name = input("Enter your Name: ")
phone_no = input("Enter your Phone Number: ")
email = input("Enter your Email ID: ")
password = input("Enter your Password: ")

[Link]("INSERT INTO users (user_id, name, phone_no, email_id, password) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, .

. %s, %s)", (user_id, name, phone_no, email, password))

[Link]()
print("Registration successful!")
[Link]()

# User login
def login_user():
dbo = create_db_connection()
co = [Link]()
user_id = input("Enter your User ID: ")
password = input("Enter your Password: ")

[Link]("SELECT * FROM users WHERE user_id = %s AND password = %s", (user_id, password))
user = [Link]()

if user:
print(f"Welcome {user[1]}!")
[Link]()
return user_id
else:
print("Invalid User ID or Password!")
[Link]()
return None

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# Train search
def search_trains():
dbo = create_db_connection()
co = [Link]()
origin = input("Enter origin station: ")
destination = input("Enter destination station: ")

[Link]("SELECT * FROM train_schedule WHERE origin = %s AND destination = %s", (origin,

destination))
trains = [Link]()

if trains:
print("Trains available:")
print(tabulate(trains, headers=["Train No", "Train Name", "Origin", "Destination", "Distance", . . .. .

. "Time", "AC Fare", "SL Fare", "GEN Fare", "Days Available"]))

else:
print("No trains available for this route.")

[Link]()

# Book ticket
def book_ticket(user_id):
dbo = create_db_connection()
co = [Link]()

search_trains() # Show available trains

train_no = int(input("Enter Train No. you want to book: "))
customer_name = input("Enter your Name: ")
age = int(input("Enter your Age: "))
gender = input("Enter your Gender (M/F/O): ")
ticket_class = int(input("Enter class: 1 for AC, 2 for SL, 3 for GEN: "))

if ticket_class == 1:
[Link]("SELECT ac_fare FROM train_schedule WHERE train_no = %s", (train_no,))
fare = [Link]()[0]
elif ticket_class == 2:
[Link]("SELECT sl_fare FROM train_schedule WHERE train_no = %s", (train_no,))
fare = [Link]()[0]
elif ticket_class == 3:
[Link]("SELECT gen_fare FROM train_schedule WHERE train_no = %s", (train_no,))
fare = [Link]()[0]

pnr_no = [Link](100000, 999999) # Generate random PNR number

status = "Confirmed"

[Link]("INSERT INTO booked_tickets (pnr_no, user_id, train_no, customer_name, age, gender, fare,
status) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)",
(pnr_no, user_id, train_no, customer_name, age, gender, fare, status))
[Link]()
print(f"Ticket booked successfully! Your PNR number is {pnr_no}. Total fare: {fare}")
[Link]()

# Cancel ticket
def cancel_ticket(user_id):
dbo = create_db_connection()
co = [Link]()
pnr_no = int(input("Enter PNR number to cancel: "))
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 [Link]("SELECT * FROM booked_tickets WHERE pnr_no = %s AND user_id = %s",
. (pnr_no, user_id))
. . .

ticket = [Link]()

if ticket:
[Link]("DELETE FROM booked_tickets WHERE pnr_no = %s", (pnr_no,))
[Link]()
print("Ticket cancelled successfully.")
else:
print("Invalid PNR number or the ticket is not booked by you.")

[Link]()

# Admin panel for managing trains

def admin_panel():
dbo = create_db_connection()
co = [Link]()

print("Admin Panel")
print("1. Add new train")
print("2. View all trains")
choice = int(input("Enter your choice: "))

if choice == 1:
train_no = int(input("Enter Train No: "))
train_name = input("Enter Train Name: ")
origin = input("Enter Origin: ")
destination = input("Enter Destination: ")
distance = int(input("Enter Distance: "))
time = input("Enter Journey Time: ")
ac_fare = int(input("Enter AC Fare: "))
sl_fare = int(input("Enter SL Fare: "))
gen_fare = int(input("Enter GEN Fare: "))
days_available = input("Enter Days Available: ")

[Link]("INSERT INTO train_schedule (train_no, train_name, origin, destination, journey_distance, . .. . .

. journey_time, ac_fare, sl_fare, gen_fare, days_available) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s,
. %s, %s)",(train_no, train_name, origin, destination, distance, time, ac_fare, sl_fare, gen_fare,
… . . .. . .. . . .. . .

. days_available))
[Link]()
print("Train added successfully!")

elif choice == 2:
[Link]("SELECT * FROM train_schedule")
trains = [Link]()
print(tabulate(trains, headers=["Train No", "Train Name", "Origin", "Destination", "Distance",
. "Time", "AC Fare", "SL Fare", "GEN Fare", "Days Available"]))

[Link]()

# Main function to manage user and admin

def main():
create_db_and_tables() # Ensure database and tables are created before starting
while True:
print("\nWelcome to Railway Management System")
display_current_date_and_time() # Display current date and time
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 print("1. Login as user")
print("2. Register as new user")
print("3. Admin Panel")
print("4. Exit")
choice = int(input("Enter your choice: "))

if choice == 1:
user_id = login_user()
if user_id:
while True:
print("1. Search Trains")
print("2. Book Ticket")
print("3. Cancel Ticket")
print("4. Logout")
user_choice = int(input("Enter your choice: "))

if user_choice == 1:
search_trains()
elif user_choice == 2:
book_ticket(user_id)
elif user_choice == 3:
cancel_ticket(user_id)

elif user_choice == 4:
break
else:
print("Invalid choice!")

elif choice == 2:
new_user()

elif choice == 3:
admin_password = input("Enter admin password: ")
if admin_password == "admin123":
admin_panel()
else:
print("Incorrect admin password.")

elif choice == 4:
print("Exiting system.")
break

else:
print("Invalid choice!")

# Running the main function

if name == " main ":
main()

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 Output

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 Testing Methodology

To ensure the Railway Management System’s reliability and efficiency, a robust testing
strategy was implemented. The approach combined various testing methods to cover all
aspects of the system:
1. Black-Box Testing:
• Focused on validating system outputs for different user inputs.
• Ensured that features like new user registration and ticket booking worked as
intended.
2. White-Box Testing:
• Evaluated the internal logic and workflows of the system.
• Identified and resolved issues in the code to enhance reliability.
3. Performance Testing:
• Assessed the system’s ability to handle multiple users and large datasets.
• Verified that response times remained within acceptable limits.

4. Security Testing:
• Tested data encryption and access control mechanisms to ensure
confidentiality.
• Simulated potential cyber threats to evaluate the system’s resilience.
Test Scenarios:
• Ensuring smooth data retrieval for users and train records.
• Simulating concurrent user actions to test system stability.
• Evaluating the impact of incorrect inputs and unexpected user behavior.
This comprehensive testing methodology guaranteed a stable, secure, and user-friendly
system.

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 Hardware and Software Requirements

Hardware Requirements:

 Processor: Dual Core or higher.

 RAM: Minimum 2GB for smooth operation.
 Storage: At least 40GB HDD or SSD for storing databases and system files.

Software Requirements:

 Operating System: Windows 7 or later versions.

 Programming Language: Python 3.x for system development.
 Database: MySQL Server for backend operations.

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 Bibliography
1. Computer science With Python - Class XI By: Sumita Arora
2. Computer science With Python - Class XII By: Sumita Arora
3. Official Python Documentation: [Link]
4. MySQL Developer Guide: [Link]
5. chatGPT

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