De…nition: (Bisection method)
Step-1: Find points a and b such that a < b and f (a) f (b) < 0
a+b
Step-2: Take the interval [a; b] and …nd next value x0 =
2
Step-3: If f (x0 ) = 0 then x0 is an exact root,
else if f (a) f (x0 ) < 0 then b = x0 ,
else if f (x0 ) f (b) < 0 then a = x0
Step-4: Repeat steps 2 and 3 until f (xi ) = 0 or jf (xi )j is close to 0
Example-1
Find a root of an equation f (x) = x3 x 1 using Bisection method (After 6 iterations).
Solution:
x 0 1 2
f (x) 1 1 5
1st iteration :
Here f (1) = 1 < 0 and f (2) = 5 > 0
Now, Root lies between a = 1 and b = 2
a+b 1+2
x0 = = = 1:5
2 2
f (x0 ) = f (1:5) = 0:875 > 0
2st iteration :
a = 1 and b = 1:5
Here f (1) = 1 < 0 and f (1:5) = 0:875 > 0
a+b 1 + 1:5
x0 = = = 1:25
2 2
f (x0 ) = f (1:25) = 0:29688 < 0
3st iteration :
a = 1:25 and b = 1:5
Here f (1:25) = 0:29688 < 0 and f (1:5) = 0:875 > 0
a+b 1:25 + 1:5
x0 = = = 1:375
2 2
f (x0 ) = f (1:375) = 0:22461 > 0
4st iteration :
a = 1:25 and b = 1:375
Here f (1:25) = 0:29688 < 0 and f (1:375) = 0:22461 > 0
a+b 1:25 + 1:375
x0 = = = 1:3125
2 2
1
f (x0 ) = f (1:3125) = 0:05151 < 0
5st iteration :
a = 1:3125 and b = 1:375
Here f (1:3125) = 0:05151 < 0 and f (1:375) = 0:22461 > 0
a+b 1:3125 + 1:375
x0 = = = 1:34375
2 2
f (x0 ) = f (1:34375) = 0:08261 > 0
6st iteration :
a = 1:3125 and b = 1:34375
Here f (1:3125) = 0:05151 < 0 and f (1:34375) = 0:08261 > 0
a+b 1:3125 + 1:34375
x0 = = = 1:32812
2 2
f (x0 ) = f (1:32812) = 0:01458 > 0
Approximate root of the equation x3 x 1 = 0 using Bisection mehtod is 1:32812
Example-2
Find a root of an equation f (x) = 2x3 2x 5 using Bisection method (After 7 iterations).
Solution:
x 0 1 2
f (x) 5 5 7
1st iteration :
Here f (1) = 5 < 0 and f (2) = 7 > 0
Now, Root lies between a = 1 and b = 2
a+b 1+2
x0 = = = 1:5
2 2
f (x0 ) = f (1:5) = 1:25 < 0
2st iteration :
a = 1:5 and b = 2
Here f (1:5) = 1:25 < 0 and f (2) = 7 > 0
a+b 1:5 + 2
x0 = = = 1:75
2 2
f (x0 ) = f (1:75) = 2:21875 > 0
3st iteration :
a = 1:5 and b = 1:75
Here f (1:5) = 1:25 < 0 and f (1:75) = 2:21875 > 0
2
a+b 1:5 + 1:75
x0 = = = 1:625
2 2
f (x0 ) = f (1:625) = 0:33203 > 0
4st iteration :
a = 1:5 and b = 1:625
Here f (1:5) = 1:25 < 0 and f (1:625) = 0:33203 > 0
a+b 1:5 + 1:625
x0 = = = 1:5625
2 2
f (x0 ) = f (1:5625) = 0:49561 < 0
5st iteration :
a = 1:5625 and b = 1:625
Here f (1:5625) = 0:49561 < 0 and f (1:625) = 0:33203 > 0
a+b 1:5625 + 1:625
x0 = = = 1:59375
2 2
f (x0 ) = f (1:59375) = 0:09113 < 0
6st iteration :
a = 1:59375 and b = 1:625
Here f (1:59375) = 0:09113 < 0 and f (1:625) = 0:33203 > 0
a+b 1:59375 + 1:625
x0 = = = 1:60938
2 2
f (x0 ) = f (1:60938) = 0:1181 > 0
7st iteration :
a = 1:59375 and b = 1:60938
Here f (1:59375) = 0:09113 < 0 and f (1:60938) = 0:1181 > 0
a+b 1:59375 + 1:60938
x0 = = = 1:60156
2 2
f (x0 ) = f (1:60156) = 0:0129 > 0
Approximate root of the equation 2x3 2x 5 = 0 using Bisection mehtod is 1:60156
