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Differential Geometry

M.sc maths notes unit 5

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Nathiya Eswaran
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
109 views34 pages

Differential Geometry

M.sc maths notes unit 5

Uploaded by

Nathiya Eswaran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
unit ¥ Me usnier £ Th b a hy argh bebosen bre preuinal porneh TH eo a cuvve on tM Sunba and norma WT, Hen, K wos (Hy normal Sector ac P feel gyn cena teak ong fereh OP cae “ on a suse YF sq HET om | Now, AW eee aint iee 3 as a a! go = ak = Icey as | New, ahoN eT = (¥e 8 ARMA) OW ~ xaWA + 2WN + Mya x x cost Bn e wK erly Ht -° a he ural of a curve © on a Sunfeu normal curvature at P venynat te ie Some othoy foro wove “arvalane Th P. ds & point uitth position ved 7 Gr He swfaw F = FCW, the hormal Curva a p Un the diredion ( durdv) Js aapal Ae the lava, ak Pot ithe novmal —hewtron P, porallal b 4, diradion ( du, dv) , Lov Suppose F = FluW vw a Aurfe amd Paw “y spent with position vedor Bow) gop Th FFD Be a curve Hrrowyh Pon Hus Sule then Ha components ef — Cuyvalime verry Fay d ined to bot the novmad be He AWifam do dofined normal corvatun of He tive at Po oand . ted by Xy gensralle dine I , Pringipdeuvsdise - Principal sections and — , Hye oil The veal edn’ — gp Aung qin point owing amanuimmum oy © jninienem Poinupal directions! cuvvokare> ak het — beink asa Called Priaut gen 5 MA Swale at hat pu | Tansyents be “ Hrs Pry ndpal Sectors ane called 4 rinvipod y | Pauly civedvou al bak poink, pol tay volure | Prat The cnrvetwue ef — tha propa gediom Ho sureo | Hiyough 4 giuan point hus ob bhob point ca, tho mawrur And minimum CUNY gre called PROpAl — Cuyvolies ok that poith . The mardmure And — mininure cacvobunes OOF davoted fey Ka and Ke nanpockvaly. and Mean Normal carvers ‘Mean ature Fhe arithmetic mean of Fhe provipah carvalures Ke and Ke oe pot called Hee maar curvature — Fhok foiah and Oe dancted by M se. Ko tH 2 ENt 2G- AEM Eee The, Me a b 2 CeG-F Fhe ammplibuds fF the hormal Carte da dafined Ay Be Fis) taialinn Thy Sten of 7 Yea fvat curvature at tah 5 -*9 principal tusveltire Kk, and Ke vo Called point and ie danoked by C: thus, C= Kat Ke = Entlh G~2FM EGF “ N she neCesson and Sufpiein) conti tions ho Pore matric cayy-e to be wxth ot o gone in thot Feo Gaussian Curvalioe oS The pro duct ef Tho pridipal Curvatta, deg Tha and ky at foie cabled Grau, Ong ak Hak pond Tp ue donoted by / Thun, Ke Ke = OLN at ea Ti SL Ea-¢2 Th ste aloo“ cathed. Sperfic curvature se ? tend Curvatere oy = takal Curnvatine SS Euless theorem = The hovmal curve ato On a Surfer Od giuen inberew of — pyinuipal cuvvabrd “Ka and Ke, toy the formula I Kee Keely + Ky sity, usta Kea Ky ate spinuipal curvabivws and ry de the ange whith the “divection (du du) og tee normal Sachs mmoker unr He “pring pod divahon dv =o - Proof. 00 wt He Line of tuvvatina dy takin porametic wives Then Poo and M=e The choral Cuvvatume Ky = Ld tamdudy to Co E du +aedudv 4 a roar ty Ld 4 a o Ear 4 Gdv" | Sine Hy dixedion yoo (Jk 7 | vee (having divacton coe.) |“ w= woustent [hoary 7 divocion Cont 4 | pansion diveckons (orth om 1 Khe can vebwoues (oF Hhune, divertor ago pan iipal tu : valine a on Oye CHivon by Ka sh —@ E | et | a (5 | C by pedis dvzo *@t du-o in® | ps the divevion du = ( dude) mode ane? wire ys constenh, _ wil Hrs paramebri© we how Hua olivertion canffieae? wy e ta Cee ee = VE du cree 3 | BAse, the | Cq0-¥) Ye" So, are rave fae duvection Woaffiaah fy ve cos qo = te (a >) ay - eG Ao 2 Again ds = cad 4 pF dud + Grave a 2 = edu + Gdv ( ane Again From , a Q y= ba NAL Lda 5 ce EAE AB SAY es) nds? ¢ _ a = bly swat = eae G J Kea Ke ws y+ oR, sin y [hen ee] fon 8 40} Yana he Heoksm . : Duyie's Teoh The sum of ho norma) Cuvvelures in ovthogonal divectionds ds Loyal to Ha Sum ak thak point the sprnuiyal cuarvakuyed Froef Km and Kay be he nor ned cuxvatwes in aad orthogonal yiverhrons je SHE and dole wy be fhe ange He fava divedon and Hha pinup | petweon diceion dv =o Thin, Pu angi between thx Le cond ae and He prnuipal divedion duso wall be Tay, By Culorr forme, Ke oY + esihy ——> Kn . , _ Ka ot (Bay) + Ke 30 (BY) >@ and Kea 7 7 » 2 - iain} + wy, os y padery O £9, Nay = ace Lend yr D $ Kel ws HH KG, * a Mea + Hoe Dena dhe prord — —_——* Equator giviag fe Poinuipal ormal the pormad cavvetwet Tey ok ONS pont Plu) dm the divection ( du, dy) w giusnby R L de + am dudv+ n av Ke 2 gE dd b ae dade? are) yy (ad the actual — divection conpgicants | eh direction ( du,dv), then , 7 a k= LA + amMdm + Nw — a — EL + OF kine Got aut et 4 Bente Cy Sinw Sym ae acduad divection Capt usb, fa _ bote zs we — home We mig = ©, whore FT wy RE veo adlony the dixarton : 2 etsy te (az arn a) ae = a —? > VR Palm Hare B= | t 2 a AE + alm Fm Gr =) 2 2 Ligamim + %™ —7@ aphe voluw of Ky ab P Ke = Bie ky My wre found ak ?, dapend> vigor Hee vehvae Bim tak? Wey se, ew unetce, of two prinimum —vabuss of 3 yohiaSles” J, mm To ind She = mardmun O* ——_ .. a howe diun=° we bs) ager dkgartamnd rid t+ 2m nee =o > Or eat + (MET Nedn =o &, (exseodt a (FA 4 Gm) am =e pow, mbaylying B by and and yath@ont bo Ar cognate coofpisiente of di (v3 Mn) +» LER4 caso —-@ ( mh oN) art FAs Ge) =O. _ and gu + Ore >, 5 Yenler , arime em Oy) Sens N= 0 I 5 th hay ce. ELS arden ea=] uaety Dx =m eG 4B, mat (La Ne = Jeol chiem=o —3@ {mk 4 Nw) ~ ke OFA +m) = 0 Le uo whol! CLs inate Room bekw.oen ete Now, | | From Os (L- 3684 a we ym =e 3G fom® en 5) wacn ute, GD Fe 2 ~ OG) G = en Eyl N- xe) = _ (ma tee) woo, tu Lae © oe ewer BO = “a | ee eo me — HEM + Te F =] xe ( ewe? _ me ( La sey = A) « & yen pe =0 .—>©® Eqetan gw tea enone vat oh Hs anger ak Ba Jah divertions gree hy Pails 20dudvse, oe(a PO” Gk 2) Show hetwsor te twe Haun kan® = cae ER - arate hon ‘ isibober a quan quatre 2 Par + godudv + RAY =o ar eyrn ge g)ee av + (a) + alee) +R =o -~—3Q Suppose (ar) and Cup be He waMos yyw aivediow , Phan Dk ate the eel ~ rp 4 nO - . \ ) Sum ef Yee weet i : eo r Froaua of Yo nob = De = & 78 fr Y F y ts) i 2 atony, RZ ca EUR ORE Lah wpe a8] * ee ns \ = a ECAP EDO Fa MB yr } vewd @ a, EL Land = Le . way i ef + e(- 328 2a ulin Ag —*t)* er -—2°% 4 a? r y " pa 48rd Er- oe z bane = ai (® er Fo ay Henw tha pred - lis biel ss ee fy bin hee | f wwe or % gunfee curation 7 en aa ok ang pone as bony we pane guxedon pole ome poik “or phe ee spaouye givedio® us ame ok a4 | . | we hove Kuve aypes sf Bins | pn cunkos ond phroush 04 + gueher Jhon jun AN of ak Aystbm so find te differentia GIT ss _aayrotion 24 he dine oh “eae vee The anode” giving Yu preapa vate 2 ad (ete FORCE Lg aka) Sine! lw, | | @ gee fea dienes, oer oni nie alae by t movenad — ousval lot ak te “pomk on the [soft 3 ts for He yalus | JS Lira Lent Nm (Legend +20 El+Em 09 (ade Nm) ent E44 &) =o ype @, uo have? n e C E Lienineding Oo fom tu, (rss ro) (FA xu) ( FAs Ge) = (a _ (rata (EF) =0 tenn) (6A + Fm) @? (L3+ Mm) a GL im + em ° > ed hoa Gum ( b , meh es ew/hin + NEMA AENM = iC cL emer + Jan ( GU ery sa lamt tence ba ened tas (ere Ur®@ GB Gives He paniipal divedton oe tre qs =point “ | | La cag the ft : | “ = Sete workfi wenb C4) m) doy the | Mey Re Cu ge UPC) - FY = sso 4 pg - ry a = bps = y kh Now, = Hxs| t it eae lw f 4 o ¢ L et fi CP ALY xo] ah pve at aay ap | P= NeYu = (64D food | h | | - Ww Me neha 2 (oh uD, (oo 5 ces H = 3 H | N= N.Y, = CP -% Co, a) | - = -E | : a | Sobek buting tha "values % Ge Fe Gr Hy Le iY ba [the DA eR uation of tha Aine of curvatuae » oa FL dts (Ew Gd dudy 4 (Ene ees <<, | er [ots Sf x ats forbs Cob x] dudy ; Lore oe a ls =0 * [ec wp DS -tr4 at + Lenboe _ tugs] eeey | a Lae tnbd sl af <8 Se Wow, can Rome bo find athe valu of HICSS from He giunn 24" of Hho Siafae try) 20, 1 h L+@ Differentiating (3) povbally wyit dk by Fokirg 2 ap a function % % and 4, u 6 4 OF fo + Bf, bz 20 a= Ox i az 3% > Ae tepece’ CUB Bony az saw wy f2P= —f ord = p =~ Fx 38 Fe S iymlouly 4: - Fy ec Fz DPevtnhiasting @ 2g0%n Petes et m, bakery 20, function of wandp we gie v- Of = ope & Ff 2] ax ax ae Dee 2 lead) -F Relic] J : a Pp oF Gali hn 6 fea 7 > +s Va (Faz fe PD ~ Fe Fax + Fiep) SS (Fe) * Substibting ee Flom (i, Y= Fy (Fae + Fee (2) ]-5 ]Pos Fe TOT! -HSoHf (a)? ae aa | Fee fe fe Fee] ~ a + Lene — theta (>? 2 xz Fas Fa fue Fe - fuFee = Fe Fox 4 F ‘ ai wor : 7 : —— > pleas phe § Car LF Fen = Fe Pax | a} _ _ | ier oe ee vy pany 20% sunlary, 4 © pony ene Ac Sfundion wand ee a rs me ae eee 2 Fy Fz Fyz- wy Parl 2 coe sik Za functors % , ee cen pokery bgow, ah. @® dy weak» 2 ye and 4 _ Carthy fe aiGey Faby ~ Poke - oP = a ~ Fax ey Pe Ae Fn, xed [ (FD? sb in A @, Hee, R-* = Set ogb —+@ ushidh be & spornt on the Cone hare the hov mal plane ouckso wk « Sinw He ‘point is on the Wray sta, Wo Loucks wb, Norma plans Ou UAL Con tat, R-¥ w Pe sposi ion Vedoy Jt (FHF) og R-Y= utes DW and Mare combats fam @ and @ 5 $n wgb = Ae tpe 3 Ve +he = woreet > Ne +h Ly ats OG Joking dot product with Bon noe gan B, we gee , -. (rape ee) = ($F 4 657) Toksng del fradk vith Bon both Sida 3H p eC dhED =F Cyr ted) » Pod Sulstting tty volume of and Mo am@ | | EVs VR 4 ogt —3(% Foking dot Pprduck vate Sexy , CE-DAEW = Hs oe YE). (9542 $0) _ (ao) Fy mde, whet uh io > tonstont- ——+a —_————— onal mre ase ctor ES dhe family of uve gry =e curfew y= Fa) rd ce Hans ems another fomdy op curves —_—7e, ging on He Same guch Hak ak erg poi og) He aa twe He family of wvue® oinegent, then roves ap FAR exthegor brag? open ww called a Le we OD! she deferecel caypasion he | rete be fhe aqusdien G Cu =o bo He y cu) joe ¥ = hofee | | qamily of ree Lyiey enna S008 danvebives Got da ¢ Lop cankinwo? yam sh fogetear , ant $228 and? whi th ole ret br WP | } uo Aave or tur? zc, o, bu ogo bv =0- ay bee ~b = 8 $v gr Pe Thus 1 (-@, p? Ore thy diivettion Yalrss 4 | enh ab tony Cu) of the — momber of $4 flay, Jas (dui, dv) he Hee alivettton wabis of coma ak We point Cur) of 0 rearnbor of foruly of fhe ovthogonal Lvajectovis of Glu = C. : Than, the clivections ( du, dv) and C- 4, phan orthogonal cperpendienlod®y , Fem te condi ton 6 ayer du) +aPdvec £ (oda + F (-4 (pe- ene * C Ge di ferential to uasror ar) dv=o, b> phd vo te requived oh Yo oxcthegonad Evajecorer oe wi Note The neces any and Smffruat cont be ov irogenal we Heo ox porn raatin’€ cus — bo Prok F O=O7 | 2 give EG-F #O and P and & do not | vanis gimulk oncowty , jhe corffivind of du and dv are continuow and do nok yanish ogeber - Weru th bi Afevenbal onnution of hae orthogonsd family.) aartr and de te calution © Hina the rheokem. : 2 ee Obbtin fe gunfao ograliso ot: phere gotten - : Se savalution pemicvda Aging in yu 0% plane 1. bias The on awe spon Ty Pw and pois the xeoz pla, ob cagsati on con be ze aces ynoots Wa anda of revolution curve on He Chrele hy iag in baken ard ie We seu ft = : eee ange, mats iby BF with the, tie ella. caekobizude hs porot P. aobation through — an angle v oar the X04 Z-auw , u pret Ast PM be -porpends autor on Zam > te hongituds of P plane, then yom Ww ee Lenw , the positien veer of ¢ On thy Cphero as, : _— cos ( 90 -W wsy ~ a Sin w ws ye ‘om sin a, OF ,SiRe Saiy and Z= Q cose. jes, # fot = votion of the 4 4 6 Sphere y Fo = [ asinu cosy, a sinusinv, @ core] ee heh oe He — Covrenpondery — poiaks of phe —- Batrand — Cueve? cand C, Cy Oda Phat Gah ef, cuxvatues , thar the Cxvoss- valve CecAaY constack and oe agnal te Boda ute du Fhe ONy, betaine the ang ents ak P and hy fe two Creo YY and VM - tthe cenber’ of avalu ©) OH oan Yi Ain on He novels bo He UN ge Py Fiaand PR de th common nore fy Vora Vie dy qs points €, Py Sin Pi La one? yua , and Ao ui can find Hee cle (Pee «) Z{ % vo tw pos ion Vedos of th pont Pp the (position vector of the Cowsnpending point f wD NN = ysX od Tom —Y@ fo and cy have position vedors VHHR and eH + dn - wow pe = jot «| = |Uaeae—al> £ ne « ja el = \Graa-Pl 2h 5s 3) . Germ -G+89)] ma p, — 08 | = }u +d es Ve j a-sl. ~ | O-H)- 2] = } ~r-¥,] C fen) Now, fhe Frequived — Crs ratio Cecna) = PERG = PF Ce 6 cup Jo-Pl /assil (1-2) (139%) * , . C tae pat (1-7 CIDR) weedy, ope Constant - (cr) = GE 7 sete, [enw Hee Pree. rs Nob > y y A pare of wvver YM WHA Nave the yormalo ar Called Bot. nd & Samo danas Neve Yi o> called Pe ebvand ) Mateo ayouckh % YT, ‘ov Betrand a): \ihe banged ES yoand Yi ak er Cong ak a condbank angh | J point are inclined 3) Th binormalo ab He per correronding poins of ¥ and Vi will uncle Dy game nye wwe, wn =? —o 4) Foy Betvond and + ph ® wrt A, eat th et da i dL ds, SG a. (om E+ nee a mropeng dot predate ot (, pre @, a > ¥ % oe & conshane . eas Cem EET md : as lot T welw wn ange « wih 2 9 ys positive divachion. — ane coplanar, and bi mate an angle by br Ti maken an angte gore wath b | t = E wse 43 os (9044) oo Thain oeffiuen ds = IH AK a fee5a, — sine | | => ws 20-98 3 D | YY othe ae | Seleee) ds donk? The yolatisns ( Cowsrponding fo the wunve Y aw chhacnad yy intewchanghag S$ by 41 and Yeplaury Dd by -h,- troop. Thun, Fre ¥) , wo awe 7 ay com = CAAK) nT Sd eA. He. —_—@ a3 Fam ® and @, Cosa wre =((r (ve) (Qs9%) ay ay 2 , ted = (9 Dl a, 7 and ct = + Sita, oy Dehr- (Lene of urwattre) A cuwe on a giver surface ushote Fengons praupal olivedion us ak cach point in along Coed a fine of curvvalo « Rodvique’s foemabe A, necessary and suffivct condi Hon fe A wwe on a Surface to be % Line of awl ee Ce aa oo a = = each foie dhe Lie of wvaline uykare kK cin Fee vormal Guwvakine in the divection dT of the Lie of carvetine « Prvefi- yy yous Ma Recessang tonditions in Tha Swrhece " Lins dap, Ah ygmer OF a Carole « then hs aaceeite (dua a& Nf fos Poon a turve tin a peiauipal, divecton ak (0 on the surfer giusn Loy (L- KE du HCM-KE] av Fe _—70 (Ke) det CN Bem av =e ee) Whore ae an the one of foo grep! aay pe a ae wl hove, Leogs = iM = Ni. oe 1 oh M Mi te = ~ WEF, Netw ise. j mR ot Ty es — SES MW SR se Fv, Gig yo Dowe, ae my L KAT )dveo Laan ae +l ° . yn + xl H dur BAD ¥ 7 ey (Kh dus Madly 3 Now, dy = dug ats ou aaa! av o- Wdut Yadv 6 AB =' 98 gy ROA ay ou av >© dn = mM du + Na av 7 wiry @ and @ uw @, we wt, an -& Siew ant, uring and Aimplidying, uring @ ana@, we get 7 @ an +.kag) ¥a.,7° Ngan, Rv =, D fRevent ota, -da + N-da= ° de I Aan =0 dai =e gener ail to AT So al vetor . \, Vv a ya iN oo bangeod flo, day ue a kangentiel vedor , Ab He vedo (seay sda) we Langoct vedtortoy, Surfau ; Abe, Ti and ¥q ore zangential Vedder, vnat Fre: eeaynadions §— © and @ are In order Satu fied » wo mut have AN~. Seay <0 oo ds « i. as! ds: Hen he condition do necessary | To prove Wo Suftiamny pact let Horne be @ curve on tha surfan for which AN + KAY =O, fov Some funtion ak a beint Poon te Swrface . From thy us have, lan 4.y7a2)- Fe so, —@ (aa ik) - Ja <0 6. ic : nee, 4 (dud) us tre divedtion tf He turve & a fi Cur, e4ns @® and ® give (L-e) du tM xed idy 0, (W-RD ang C N- Reed av=0 , fo that the aires ak Cu tctinisdes vith, the presrel divection, Fuvthey Kaley dn =o yy KAT Ss an = 4a vaus ty av) =~ CA dus 83 dv) a *C , D crakeng dob product with (F dus Fav) on both sites 4p eye Buse hove ne (Hau ave as): (7 dus ve ND afar ctu dl mad vides ND —>© seng tre fundamental confident Ey Ft ard Li aya, myn) give 2 CE tgp atdudva rd -[ Laat auduavy vad] 7 a Sa 1 ds aMdudvh vad " eda tar dude av a KY a normal curveduns & cu,v? phe eirashieh “fob . 2 cutive yy & poednd guvecton and thus, ef curvelwu on hs Henw pe uae Jans Suaface : —_——_* are Dopids Tabteabre kr © be 1009 poiak OF ne ook Age pe eo Thon, the gechon ND abo on tho and at a very to the bangerk alone Smelt diskanu from we Ow called ths Dupin Trdicok an oak ‘Oo’. wi Theokem ah Sa and Kp, aro ty q fos np aarvatunar ob, DF | then the equation of He Dupia's indi cade! Roa Y= ak, FR, hen Rw ' t.. Ry x ' R, oad ky Vreof | - lak’ 7 Whe ia pein’ on te Pepin try hy ag Thea, Q wa yoink on He curve op | inlevtection ef fhe Swfaw and ao plane akg Ga fponalled do Hee bang ante plow abo any usd yrlerhects He Surface dn points voy near te 0! . xh A do ha inSinisesional Porpendiula ddtene GM From Q bo the bangent plans \ ok ‘O, we have, oh = 1 dae am diay t+undee —@ Th ow bale tine ef cuvvdtinn obo od porometic curves, Han Foe, Moo © F ak = Lddanadl —+@ foo, Binw F =e and M=O, the normal Curvittt HK dn Me divedtion Wf Cau, dv) ‘becomes 2 Ree= L dus wad Bi Eda +Gdv? As we hove Chosen the MB 04 cari ak © W® faromalnrc curve, V= corstank. and = conttand are daouyal divedions ysth divedion yates Cho) and ie Hene Gom (m, th preupd Cusvature correrpondirg tC 1,0) ond CotD axe Kae = ands Wn = x PL = 6 Den. oard ON © SEE cubs buting thine values dn @, we get ahve Kacat 4 kit at — oo. The maitria alons He Hporamabse Curves ae ite cals dal - oat —3O Etiminaling €, Gr batwase & and @ , ume Bt, a oh = Re dein t+ ty tn, — 6 - Now, Conshud he we Hangubon nd oY gupta O (mgm oO ous Oo © ype te paaurel ee ae Lowrerpor oz wo Fhe Surface normal « in corordinata system bo thin coro) : with verpect Ce a ae and ur Can uy @ '° 6, F jh oe ee tet zh. | ushich ‘an ba ari Hen ad» a 2 eae Ra Re u RB = N os t pre -pindpal fedde ef uv vats, she WNC Se chion Eqr @& moprerer bs thus, Hee Buyin inde tak = Wa 4 cont ‘ on a, a Problems [5 a ’ D Show thot tha Indicate ok uaa of, Wo vighk, halitoid toi =z = (cosy, usTRY po . radi Aupastete v gcdion'- Te alan Sryearbste ink cho eek Te Ben indi cake |, ue da Lnough 4, a -neckang ac, + OS =O ob any point on hos “ee Ate ou: Exom giwes egpnstion ofime haba, — (ues, usin av) = a ( csv, sinv, 6) Ys = (Hus, wcesy, a) ‘ 2 = 3 a \ a 1 Now Ra, = osu STAN ° a HUsioy US u Z (a seu) F Caeend 40) r) (as) aoe 2 2 in ce = whys sev =I coe Haw mw esvsins pasion et =e a P gi Ferd fae Ya Lu gitvewwivers aura a 2 ar a ee (sie cosy, 2 mle Oy nese va poo LF oe _—— vw pee we 8 Ome Un ee) s= oO 9 —_— yy Yo : ae : ee ws wate cn ha) = ~aSinv —aesv+ Oo 2-40 = 4. ~ a cosysinv yn = Ya: (ate acsvsinvu =O wL=o? WM ane Ware isa tke, front kK, oe we roots 7% Fhe equation ~C east sou —ae a) 4(en— Dy G> > «CEN the veel i Wow, sum ob — [lem gee arn) Ke + Ke eu-F = EN46GL—~QFm EW-~ FR a Buk EW fo and fp Feo we det %, 3 Ke ao Tho prow that the = given indi cb Mx Uy 4 pro dang ular hyparthsto —» —— Defivition~ Vg pevboli ¢ Points Tis - Hoi aS Ngperblic ins 0 P n He Sify whi te Grawyier cusvotuns KH i gah i anc called Ryper bette point ak a 2 G, twa =o The point on Ye surfee ok oshith Hy prnd pad Cuxvetuned = =—§ Ka and gam MA, wy ys Croupron curvelin posits, are called blip foink, Dg, Aone Ho ax lk Wee SF La- M50, Povubelre porn The points on th Sunfe@ ak hic He Chausrion * cuvvelting, 3C=e Oh clad sporshdtc poise Ty Me Cane LN tee. | Note Tow of the , predpal cuvvatiand $ wikhey Kao or Xb eo Shon Fhe Zev, Ge) indienne Wo a “paix Aine + of parallal straight a——t

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