unit ¥
Me usnier £
Th b a hy argh bebosen bre preuinal
porneh TH eo a cuvve on tM Sunba and
norma WT, Hen,
K wos
(Hy normal Sector ac P
feel gyn cena teak ong fereh OP cae
“
on a suse YF sq HET
om
| Now, AW eee aint iee 3
as a a!
go = ak = Icey
as
| New, ahoN eT
= (¥e 8 ARMA) OW
~ xaWA + 2WN + Mya
x
x cost
Bn e wK erly Ht -°
a he ural of a curve © on a Sunfeu
normal curvature at P
venynat te ieSome othoy foro
wove “arvalane
Th P. ds & point uitth position ved 7
Gr He swfaw F = FCW, the hormal Curva a p
Un the diredion ( durdv) Js aapal Ae the lava,
ak Pot ithe novmal —hewtron P, porallal b 4,
diradion ( du, dv) ,
Lov
Suppose F = FluW vw a Aurfe amd Paw “y
spent with position vedor Bow) gop
Th FFD Be a curve Hrrowyh Pon Hus Sule
then Ha components ef — Cuyvalime verry Fay
d ined to bot
the novmad be He AWifam do dofined
normal corvatun of He tive at Po oand
.
ted by Xy
gensralle dine I ,
Pringipdeuvsdise
- Principal sections and
— , Hye oil
The veal edn’ — gp Aung
qin point owing amanuimmum oy © jninienem
Poinupal directions!
cuvvokare> ak het — beink asa Called Priaut
gen 5 MA Swale at hat pu| Tansyents be
“ Hrs Pry ndpal Sectors ane called 4
rinvipod y
| Pauly civedvou al bak poink,
pol tay volure
| Prat
The
cnrvetwue ef — tha propa gediom
Ho sureo | Hiyough 4 giuan point
hus ob bhob point
ca, tho
mawrur And minimum CUNY
gre called PROpAl — Cuyvolies ok that poith .
The mardmure And — mininure cacvobunes OOF
davoted fey Ka and Ke nanpockvaly.
and Mean Normal carvers
‘Mean ature
Fhe arithmetic mean of Fhe provipah carvalures
Ke and Ke oe pot called Hee maar
curvature — Fhok foiah and Oe dancted by M
se.
Ko tH 2 ENt 2G- AEM
Eee
The, Me
a b
2 CeG-F
Fhe ammplibuds fF the hormal Carte da dafined
Ay Be
Fis) taialinn Thy Sten of 7
Yea fvat curvature at tah
5 -*9
principal tusveltire
Kk, and Ke vo Called
point and ie danoked by C:
thus, C= Kat Ke = Entlh G~2FM
EGF
“
N she neCesson and Sufpiein) conti tions ho
Pore matric cayy-e to be wxth
ot o gone in thot FeoGaussian Curvalioe oS
The pro duct ef Tho pridipal Curvatta,
deg
Tha and ky at foie cabled Grau,
Ong
ak Hak pond Tp ue donoted by
/
Thun, Ke Ke = OLN at
ea Ti SL
Ea-¢2
Th ste aloo“ cathed. Sperfic curvature se
? tend
Curvatere oy = takal Curnvatine
SS Euless theorem
= The hovmal curve ato
On a Surfer Od giuen inberew of — pyinuipal
cuvvabrd “Ka and Ke, toy the formula
I
Kee Keely + Ky sity, usta Kea
Ky ate spinuipal curvabivws and ry de the ange
whith the “divection (du du) og tee normal Sachs
mmoker unr He “pring pod divahon dv =o -
Proof.
00
wt He Line of tuvvatina dy takin
porametic wives Then Poo and M=e
The choral Cuvvatume Ky = Ld tamdudy to
Co
E du +aedudv 4
a
roar ty Ld 4 a o
Ear 4 Gdv"| Sine Hy dixedion yoo (Jk 7
| vee (having divacton coe.)
|“ w= woustent [hoary 7
divocion Cont 4
| pansion diveckons (orth om
1 Khe can vebwoues (oF Hhune, divertor
ago pan iipal tu :
valine a
on Oye CHivon by
Ka sh —@
E
| et
| a (5
| C by pedis dvzo *@t du-o in®
| ps the divevion du = ( dude) mode ane?
wire ys constenh,
_ wil Hrs paramebri©
we how Hua olivertion canffieae?
wy e ta Cee ee
= VE du cree 3
| BAse, the
| Cq0-¥)
Ye"So, are rave fae duvection Woaffiaah fy
ve
cos qo = te (a >)
ay
- eG Ao
2
Again ds = cad 4 pF dud + Grave
a 2
= edu + Gdv (
ane
Again From ,
a Q
y= ba NAL Lda 5
ce EAE AB SAY
es)
nds?
¢ _ a
= bly swat
=
eae
G
J Kea Ke ws y+ oR, sin y [hen ee]
fon 8 40}
Yana he Heoksm . :
Duyie's Teoh
The sum of ho norma) Cuvvelures in
ovthogonal divectionds ds Loyal to Ha Sum
ak thak point
the sprnuiyal cuarvakuyed
Froef Km and Kay be he nor ned
cuxvatwes in aad orthogonal yiverhrons
je SHE and dole wy be fhe ange
He fava divedon and Hha pinup
|
petweon
diceion dv =oThin, Pu angi between thx Le cond ae
and He prnuipal divedion duso wall be Tay,
By Culorr forme,
Ke oY + esihy ——>
Kn . ,
_ Ka ot (Bay) + Ke 30 (BY) >@
and Kea 7 7
» 2
- iain} + wy, os y
padery O £9,
Nay = ace Lend yr D $ Kel ws HH
KG, * a
Mea + Hoe
Dena dhe prord
—
—_——*
Equator giviag fe Poinuipal ormal
the pormad cavvetwet Tey ok ONS pont
Plu) dm the divection ( du, dy) w giusnby
R
L de + am dudv+ n av
Ke
2
gE dd b ae dade? are)
yy (ad the actual — divection conpgicants
| eh direction ( du,dv), then ,
7 a
k= LA + amMdm + Nw
—
a —
EL + OF kine Got
aut et 4 Bente CySinw Sym ae acduad divection Capt usb,
fa _ bote zs
we — home We mig = ©, whore FT wy
RE veo adlony the dixarton
: 2
etsy te (az arn a)
ae = a —?
> VR Palm Hare B= |
t 2
a AE + alm Fm Gr =)
2 2
Ligamim + %™ —7@
aphe voluw of Ky ab P
Ke =
Bie ky My wre found ak ?,
dapend> vigor Hee vehvae Bim tak?
Wey se, ew unetce, of two
prinimum —vabuss of 3
yohiaSles” J, mm
To ind She = mardmun O*
——_ .. a
howe diun=°
we
bs) ager dkgartamnd rid t+ 2m nee =o
> Or eat + (MET Nedn =o
&, (exseodt a (FA 4 Gm) am =e
pow, mbaylying B by and and yath@ont
bo Ar
cognate coofpisiente of di
(v3 Mn) +» LER4 caso —-@
( mh oN) art FAs Ge) =O. _
and
gu + Ore >, 5
Yenler , arime emOy) Sens N= 0 I
5 th hay ce. ELS arden ea=]
uaety Dx =m eG 4B, mat
(La Ne = Jeol chiem=o —3@
{mk 4 Nw) ~ ke OFA +m) = 0 Le
uo whol! CLs inate Room bekw.oen ete
Now,
|
|
From Os
(L- 3684 a we ym =e 3G
fom®
en 5) wacn ute, GD Fe 2
~ OG)
G = en Eyl N- xe) = _ (ma tee)
woo, tu Lae © oe ewer BO =
“a
| ee eo me — HEM + Te F
=] xe ( ewe? _ me ( La sey = A)
« &
yen pe =0 .—>©®
Eqetan gw tea enonevat oh Hs anger ak Ba Jah
divertions gree hy Pails 20dudvse,
oe(a PO”
Gk 2) Show
hetwsor te twe
Haun kan® =
cae
ER - arate
hon ‘
isibober a quan quatre
2
Par + godudv + RAY =o
ar eyrn ge g)ee
av
+ (a) + alee) +R =o -~—3Q
Suppose (ar) and Cup be He waMos
yyw aivediow , Phan Dk ate the eel
~ rp
4 nO - .
\
) Sum ef Yee weet i
: eo r
Froaua of Yo nob = De = & 78
fr Y F
y ts)
i 2 atony, RZ
ca EUR ORE
Lah
wpe a8] *
ee ns \
= a ECAP EDO Fa MByr
} vewd @ a, EL
Land = Le . way i
ef + e(- 328 2a
ulin Ag —*t)*
er -—2°% 4 a?
r
y
" pa 48rd
Er- oe
z bane = ai (®
er Fo ay
Henw tha pred -
lis biel ss ee
fy bin hee
| f wwe or % gunfee
curation
7 en aa ok ang pone
as bony
we pane guxedon
pole ome poik “or phe ee
spaouye givedio® us ame ok a4
| .
| we hove Kuve aypes sf Bins
| pn cunkos ond phroush 04 +
gueher Jhon jun AN of
ak Aystbmso find te differentia
GIT ss _aayrotion 24
he
dine oh “eae vee
The anode” giving Yu preapa vate
2
ad (ete FORCE Lg aka) Sine!
lw,
|
| @ gee fea dienes, oer oni nie alae
by
t
movenad — ousval lot ak te “pomk on the
[soft 3 ts
for He yalus | JS Lira Lent Nm
(Legend +20 El+Em 09
(ade Nm) ent E44 &) =o
ype @,
uo have?
n
e
C
E Lienineding Oo fom tu,
(rss ro) (FA xu)
( FAs Ge) = (a
_ (rata (EF) =0
tenn) (6A + Fm)
@? (L3+ Mm)
a GL im + em °
> ed hoa Gum
( b ,
meh es ew/hin + NEMA AENM
= iC cL emer + Jan ( GU ery sa lamt
tence ba ened tas (ere
Ur®@
GB Gives He paniipal divedton oe tre
qs =point “|
|
La cag the ft :
| “ = Sete workfi wenb C4) m) doy the
|
Mey Re Cu ge
UPC) - FY
= sso 4 pg - ry
a
= bps
= y kh
Now, = Hxs| t
it eae lw f
4 o ¢ L
et fi CP ALY xo]
ahpve at aay ap
| P= NeYu = (64D food
| h
|
| -
Ww
Me neha 2 (oh uD, (oo 5
ces
H
= 3
H
| N= N.Y, = CP -% Co, a)
| -
= -E
| : a
| Sobek buting tha "values % Ge Fe Gr Hy Le iY ba
[the DA eR uation of tha Aine of curvatuae »
oa FL dts (Ew Gd dudy 4 (Ene ees <<,
|
er [ots Sf x ats forbs Cob x] dudy
; Lore oe a ls =0
* [ec wp DS -tr4 at + Lenboe _ tugs] eeey
| a Lae tnbd sl af <8 Se
Wow, can Rome bo find athe valu of HICSS
from He giunn 24" of Hho Siafae try) 20,
1 h L+@Differentiating (3) povbally wyit dk by
Fokirg 2 ap a function % % and 4, u
6 4
OF fo + Bf, bz 20
a= Ox
i az 3%
> Ae tepece’ CUB Bony
az
saw
wy f2P= —f ord
= p =~ Fx 38
Fe
S iymlouly 4: - Fy ec
Fz
DPevtnhiasting @ 2g0%n Petes et m, bakery 20,
function of wandp we gie
v- Of = ope & Ff 2]
ax
ax
ae
Dee 2 lead) -F Relic]
J : a
Pp oF Gali hn 6 fea
7
> +s Va (Faz fe PD ~ Fe Fax + Fiep)
SS
(Fe) *
Substibting ee Flom (i,
Y= Fy (Fae + Fee (2) ]-5 ]Pos Fe
TOT! -HSoHf
(a)? aeaa | Fee fe fe Fee] ~ a + Lene — theta
(>?
2 xz Fas
Fa fue Fe - fuFee = Fe Fox 4 F ‘
ai wor : 7
: —— >
pleas phe § Car LF Fen = Fe Pax |
a} _ _
| ier oe ee
vy pany 20%
sunlary, 4 © pony ene Ac
Sfundion wand ee a rs me
ae eee 2 Fy Fz Fyz- wy Parl
2 coe
sik Za functors %
, ee cen pokery
bgow, ah. @®
dy weak» 2
ye and 4 _ Carthy fe aiGey Faby ~ Poke
- oP = a ~ Fax ey Pe
Ae Fn, xed
[ (FD?
sb in A @,Hee, R-* = Set ogb —+@
ushidh be & spornt on the Cone hare the
hov mal plane ouckso wk «
Sinw He ‘point is on the Wray sta,
Wo Loucks wb,
Norma plans Ou UAL Con tat,
R-¥ w
Pe sposi ion Vedoy Jt
(FHF) og
R-Y=
utes DW and Mare combats
fam @ and @ 5
$n wgb = Ae tpe
3 Ve +he = woreet
> Ne +h Ly ats OG
Joking dot product with Bon noe gan
B, we gee ,
-. (rape ee) = ($F 4 657)
Toksng del fradk vith Bon both Sida 3H
p
eC dhED =F Cyr ted)
» Pod
Sulstting tty volume of and Mo am@ |
| EVs VR 4 ogt —3(%
Foking dot Pprduck vate Sexy ,
CE-DAEW = Hs oe YE). (9542 $0)
_
(ao) Fy mde, whet uh io >
tonstont-——+a —_—————
onal mre ase ctor ES
dhe family of uve gry =e
curfew y= Fa) rd
ce Hans ems another fomdy op curves
—_—7e, ging on He Same
guch Hak ak erg poi og) He
aa
twe
He family of wvue®
oinegent, then
roves ap FAR
exthegor brag?
open
ww called a
Le we OD!
she deferecel caypasion he
| rete
be fhe aqusdien G
Cu =o bo He
y cu)
joe ¥ =
hofee
| | qamily of ree Lyiey enna S008
danvebives Got da
¢ Lop cankinwo?
yam sh fogetear ,
ant $228
and?
whi th ole ret
br WP
|
}uo Aave
or tur? zc,
o, bu ogo bv =0-
ay bee ~b = 8
$v gr Pe
Thus
1 (-@, p? Ore thy diivettion Yalrss 4
| enh ab
tony Cu) of the — momber of $4 flay,
Jas (dui, dv) he Hee alivettton wabis of coma
ak We point Cur) of 0 rearnbor of foruly of
fhe ovthogonal Lvajectovis of Glu = C. :
Than, the clivections ( du, dv) and C- 4, phan
orthogonal
cperpendienlod®y ,
Fem te condi ton 6
ayer du) +aPdvec
£ (oda + F (-4
(pe- ene * C Ge
di ferential to uasror
ar) dv=o,
b>
phd vo te requived
oh Yo oxcthegonad Evajecorer
oe
wi Note The neces any and Smffruat cont
be ov irogenal we
Heo
ox porn raatin’€ cus — bo
Prok F O=O7
| 2
give EG-F #O and P and & do not |
vanis
gimulk oncowty , jhe corffivind of du and dv
are continuow and do nok yanish ogeber -
Weru th bi Afevenbal onnution of hae
orthogonsd family.) aartr and de te calution
©
Hina the rheokem.
: 2 ee
Obbtin fe gunfao ograliso ot: phere
gotten - :
Se
savalution pemicvda Aging in yu 0% plane
1. bias
The
on awe spon
Ty Pw and pois
the xeoz pla, ob cagsati on con be
ze aces
ynoots Wa anda of revolution
curve
on He Chrele hy iag
in
baken ard ie We seu ft = :
eee ange, mats iby BF with the,
tie ella. caekobizude hs porot P.
aobation through — an angle v oar
the X04
Z-auw , u
pret
Ast PM be -porpends autor on
Zam
>
te hongituds of P
plane, then yom Ww
eeLenw , the positien veer of ¢
On thy
Cphero as, :
_— cos ( 90 -W wsy
~ a Sin w ws
ye ‘om sin a, OF ,SiRe Saiy
and Z= Q cose.
jes, # fot = votion of the
4 4 6 Sphere y
Fo = [ asinu cosy, a sinusinv, @ core]
ee
heh oe He — Covrenpondery — poiaks of
phe —- Batrand — Cueve? cand C, Cy Oda Phat Gah
ef, cuxvatues , thar the Cxvoss- valve CecAaY
constack and oe agnal te Boda ute du
Fhe ONy, betaine the ang ents ak P and hy
fe two Creo YY and VM -
tthe cenber’ of avalu ©) OH
oan Yi Ain on He novels bo He UN
ge Py Fiaand PR de th common nore fy
Vora Vie dy
qs points €, Py Sin Pi La one?
yua , and Ao ui can find Hee cle
(Pee «)Z{ % vo tw pos ion Vedos of th pont Pp
the (position vector of the Cowsnpending point f
wD NN = ysX od Tom —Y@
fo and cy have position vedors VHHR and
eH + dn -
wow pe = jot «| = |Uaeae—al> £
ne « ja el = \Graa-Pl 2h
5s 3) . Germ -G+89)]
ma p, — 08 | = }u +d
es Ve j a-sl.
~ | O-H)- 2]
= } ~r-¥,]
C fen)
Now, fhe Frequived — Crs ratio
Cecna) = PERG = PF
Ce 6 cup Jo-Pl /assil
(1-2) (139%)
* , . C tae
pat (1-7 CIDR) weedy, ope
Constant -
(cr) = GE 7 sete,
[enw Hee Pree.
rsNob > y
y A pare of wvver YM WHA Nave the
yormalo ar Called Bot.
nd
&
Samo danas
Neve Yi o> called Pe ebvand
) Mateo
ayouckh % YT,
‘ov Betrand
a): \ihe banged ES yoand Yi ak er Cong
ak a condbank angh | J
point are inclined
3) Th binormalo ab He per correronding
poins of ¥ and Vi will uncle Dy
game nye
wwe, wn =? —o
4) Foy Betvond
and +
ph ® wrt A,
eat th et
da i dL
ds,
SG a. (om E+ nee a
mropeng dot predate ot (, pre @,
a > ¥ % oe & conshane .
eas Cem EET md
: as
lot T welw wn ange « wih 2 9
ys positive divachion.— ane coplanar, and bi mate an angle
by br
Ti maken an angte gore wath b |
t
= E wse 43 os (9044)
oo Thain oeffiuen
ds = IH AK a
fee5a, — sine
|
| => ws 20-98 3 D
| YY
othe ae
| Seleee) ds donk?
The yolatisns ( Cowsrponding fo the wunve Y aw
chhacnad yy intewchanghag S$ by 41 and Yeplaury
Dd by -h,- troop.
Thun, Fre ¥) , wo awe
7 ay
com = CAAK) nT
Sd eA. He. —_—@
a3Fam ® and @,
Cosa wre =((r (ve) (Qs9%) ay
ay
2 ,
ted = (9 Dl a,
7
and ct = + Sita,
oy
Dehr- (Lene of urwattre)
A cuwe on a giver surface ushote Fengons
praupal olivedion us
ak cach point in along
Coed a fine of curvvalo «
Rodvique’s foemabe
A, necessary and suffivct condi Hon fe
A wwe on a Surface to be % Line of awl
ee Ce
aa oo a
= = each foie
dhe Lie of wvaline uykare kK cin Fee vormal
Guwvakine in the divection dT of the Lie of
carvetine «
Prvefi- yy yous Ma Recessang tonditions
in Tha Swrhece
"
Lins
dap, Ah ygmer OF a
Carole « then hs aaceeite (dua a& Nf
fos Poon a turve tin a peiauipal, divecton ak (0
on the surfer giusn Loy
(L- KE du HCM-KE] av Fe _—70
(Ke) det CN Bem av =e ee)
Whore ae an the one of foo grep!
aay pe a aewl hove,
Leogs
= iM = Ni. oe
1 oh M Mi te = ~ WEF,
Netw ise. j
mR ot Ty es —
SES MW SR se Fv, Gig
yo Dowe,
ae my L KAT )dveo
Laan ae +l ° .
yn + xl H dur BAD ¥ 7
ey (Kh dus Madly
3
Now, dy = dug ats
ou aaa!
av
o- Wdut Yadv 6
AB =' 98 gy ROA ay
ou av
>©
dn = mM du + Na av
7
wiry @ and @ uw @, we wt,
an -&
Siew ant, uring
and Aimplidying, uring @ ana@, we get
7 @
an +.kag) ¥a.,7°
Ngan, Rv =,
D fRevent ota,
-da + N-da= °
de I
Aan =0dai =e
gener ail to AT So
al vetor .
\,
Vv
a
ya
iN oo bangeod
flo, day ue a kangentiel vedor , Ab
He vedo (seay sda) we Langoct vedtortoy,
Surfau ;
Abe, Ti and ¥q ore zangential Vedder,
vnat Fre: eeaynadions §— © and @ are
In order
Satu fied » wo mut have AN~. Seay <0
oo ds « i.
as! ds:
Hen he condition do necessary |
To prove Wo Suftiamny pact
let Horne be @ curve on tha surfan
for which AN + KAY =O, fov Some funtion
ak a beint Poon te Swrface .
From thy us have,
lan 4.y7a2)- Fe so, —@
(aa ik) - Ja <0 6.
ic :
nee, 4 (dud) us tre divedtion tf He turve &
a fi Cur, e4ns @® and ® give
(L-e) du tM xed idy 0,
(W-RD ang C N- Reed av=0 , fo that the
aires ak Cu tctinisdes vith, the presrel
divection,Fuvthey Kaley dn =o yy KAT Ss an
= 4a
vaus ty av) =~ CA dus 83 dv)
a *C
, D
crakeng dob product with (F dus Fav) on both sites
4p eye Buse hove
ne (Hau ave as): (7 dus ve ND
afar ctu dl mad vides ND
—>©
seng tre fundamental confident Ey Ft ard Li aya,
myn) give
2
CE tgp atdudva rd -[ Laat auduavy vad]
7 a
Sa 1 ds aMdudvh vad "
eda tar dude av
a KY a normal curveduns &
cu,v?
phe eirashieh “fob . 2
cutive yy & poednd guvecton and thus,
ef curvelwu on hs
Henw
pe uae Jans
Suaface :
—_——_* are
Dopids Tabteabre
kr © be 1009 poiak OF
ne ook Age pe eo
Thon, the gechon
ND
abo on tho and at a very
to the bangerk alone
Smelt diskanu from we Ow called ths Dupin
Trdicok an oak ‘Oo’.wi Theokem ah Sa and Kp, aro ty q
fos np aarvatunar ob, DF
| then the equation of He Dupia's indi cade!
Roa Y= ak, FR, hen Rw
' t.. Ry x
' R, oad
ky
Vreof | - lak’ 7 Whe ia pein’ on te Pepin try
hy
ag Thea, Q wa yoink on He curve op
| inlevtection ef fhe Swfaw and ao plane akg
Ga fponalled do Hee bang ante plow abo any
usd yrlerhects He Surface dn points voy
near te 0! .
xh A do ha inSinisesional Porpendiula
ddtene GM From Q bo the bangent plans
\ ok ‘O, we have,
oh = 1 dae am diay t+undee —@
Th ow bale tine ef cuvvdtinn obo
od porometic curves, Han Foe, Moo
© F ak = Lddanadl —+@
foo, Binw F =e and M=O, the normal Curvittt
HK dn Me divedtion Wf Cau, dv) ‘becomes
2
Ree= L dus wad Bi
Eda +Gdv?As we hove Chosen the MB 04 cari
ak © W® faromalnrc curve,
V= corstank. and = conttand are
daouyal divedions ysth divedion yates Cho) and
ie
Hene Gom (m, th preupd Cusvature
correrpondirg tC 1,0) ond CotD axe
Kae = ands Wn = x
PL = 6 Den. oard ON © SEE
cubs buting thine values dn @, we get
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The maitria alons He Hporamabse Curves ae
ite cals dal - oat —3O
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a
oh = Re dein t+ ty tn, — 6 -
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nd oY
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ype te paaurel ee ae
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oz wo Fhe Surface normal «
in corordinata system
bo thin coro) :
with verpect
Ce a ae
and
ur Can
uy @ '° 6, F
jh oe ee tet zh.
| ushich ‘an ba ari Hen ad»
a 2
eae
Ra Re
u
RB
=
N
os
tpre -pindpal fedde ef uv vats,
she WNC Se chion
Eqr @& moprerer bs
thus, Hee Buyin inde tak
=
Wa 4 cont
‘
on
a, a
Problems
[5 a ’
D Show thot tha Indicate ok uaa
of, Wo vighk, halitoid toi
=z = (cosy, usTRY po . radi
Aupastete v
gcdion'- Te
alan Sryearbste
ink
cho eek Te Ben indi cake |,
ue da Lnough 4,
a -neckang
ac, + OS =O ob any point on
hos “ee
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Exom giwes egpnstion ofime haba,
— (ues, usin av)
=
a ( csv, sinv, 6)
Ys = (Hus, wcesy, a) ‘
2 = 3
a \ a 1
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osu STAN °
a
HUsioy US
u
Z (a seu) F Caeend 40)
r)
(as) aoe2 2 in
ce = whys sev =I
coe Haw mw esvsins pasion et =e
a P gi Ferd fae
Ya Lu gitvewwivers aura
a
2 ar
a
ee (sie cosy,
2
mle Oy nese
va
poo LF oe
_——
vw
pee we 8
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—_— yy Yo : ae :
ee ws wate cn ha) = ~aSinv —aesv+ Oo
2-40 = 4.
~ a cosysinv
yn = Ya: (ate
acsvsinvu =O
wL=o? WM ane Ware
isa tke, front kK, oe we roots 7% Fhe equation
~C east sou —ae a) 4(en— Dy
G>
> «CEN
the veel i
Wow, sum ob
— [lem gee arn)
Ke + Ke
eu-F
= EN46GL—~QFm
EW-~ FRa
Buk EW fo and fp
Feo
we det %, 3 Ke ao
Tho prow that the = given indi cb Mx Uy
4
pro dang ular hyparthsto
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Vg pevboli ¢ Points Tis - Hoi aS
Ngperblic ins 0
P n He Sify
whi te Grawyier cusvotuns KH i gah
i
anc called Ryper bette point
ak
a 2
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prnd pad Cuxvetuned = =—§ Ka and
gam MA, wy ys Croupron curvelin
posits, are called blip foink,
Dg, Aone Ho
ax lk
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poise Ty Me Cane LN tee.
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wikhey Kao or Xb eo Shon Fhe
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indienne Wo a “paix
Aine +
of parallal straight
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