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1/ PAR'rt
PRACTICALJOB METHODS
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OFWATCHMAKING
SCHOOL
CHICAGO I
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 (This chart is for use with Modern Shop Methods Estimate and Check List)

In order to speed up the estimating of repairs neeessary to put a watch in first

class order the most cornmon repairs are listed below, preceded by a number
and followed by letters which designate special work. Estirnate job carefully
and enter by number or number and letter in space for estimate on check 1ist.
Example, D.magnetize-Mainspring (tZ 3ewe1)lCtearr, Oil and. Regulate would.
be entered 19, Z3-8, 4.

r. PrvoTs 11. CORD 23, MAINSPRING

A . P olis h A. 7 to 15 jewel
B . $t r aigh te n 12. STRAP B. l? to 19 jewel
C. Zl to 23 jewel
Z. HAIRSPRING 13, HAND
A. True in round A. Plain 24. JE W E LS
B . T r ue i n fl a t B. Luminous A. Cap
C, Center C. Seconds B . B al ance
D. Level D. Sweep Seconds C. RoIIer
E. Overcoil D. Train
14. HANDS - Pair
E, Center
3. BALANCE W'HEEL A. Plain F. Pallet
A. T rue B , Luminou s
B. Poise 23. WINDING PINION
15. CROWN 26. MAINWHEEL
4. CLEAN, OIL, REGULATE A. Regular
B. Waterproof 27 . HAIRSPRINC, New
5. W A T CH GL A SS C. Snap A. FIat
A. Round B. Overcoil
r 6. STEM
B , F anc y
A . R egul ar 28. SETTING SPRING
C, M ilit ar y B e n d
B. Oversize
6. NO-BREAK C. SnaP Z-9. WHEELS
A, Round A. Center
17. SLEEVE B. 3rd
B . F anc y
c. 4th
1 8 . CR OW N A N D S TE M D. Escape
7. S P E CI A L C R Y ST A L
A . R egul ar E . B al ance
A. Color B. Special
B. Extra Heavy 30. BOW
I

C. Special 1 9 . DE MA GN E TIZE A. White

B. Yellow
8. BALANCE STATT' 2A. CASE
A. Joint 3I. CLUTCH
9. DIAL B. Catch
C. Lugs 3/-. S H IP P E R S P R IN (}
A. Refinish
B. Replace
ZL. REMOVE RUST 33, SET LEVER SCREW

rO. SPRING BARS Z Z , C LIC K S P R IN G 34. CANNON PINION

ri€vtsEo PnlNTrN6 l9t5

Sect i on 56 | MASTERWATCHMAKING Lesson32

SEC. 561 - CalculatingDiat Trains

+
MINUTE WHEEL

HOUR WHEEL

CANNON PINION
Flamilton Watch Co.

M I N U T EH A ND

The cannon pinion, rninute wheel, wheel is known as the rninute wheel pin-
h our wheel, a n d rn i n u te w h e e l p i n i o n are ion and drives the hour wheel,
known as t he d i a l tra i n .
The teeth of the hour wheel rnulti-
The center staff or arbor rnakes plied by the teeth in the rninute wheel
one r ev olut ion i n o n e h o u r. T h e cannon equals the nurnber of leaves in the c?il-
pinion is at t a c h e d b y f ri c ti o n to the c€rr- non pinion rnultiplied by the nurnber of
ter arbor and likewise rnakes one revo- leaves in the rninute wheel pinion rnul-
l u t ion per h o u r. tiplied by LZ.

The cannonpinion drives the rninute The following forrnula is us ed to

wheel. The pinion attached to the rninute prove the correctness of a lZ hour dial
tr ain:

Teeth in rninute wheel x teeth in hour wheel

=t
Leaves in cannon pinion x leaves in rninute wheel pinion x 12

Substituting:
40x3 6 I44A
10"1Z*tZ I 440

If the dial train is correct, the result will always be

Leav es in c a n n o n pinion x leaves in rninute wheel pinion x 12 equals teeth in

Teeth in rninute wheel hour wheel

Teeth in hour wheel x teeth in rninute wheel

equals leaves in cannon pinion
Leaves in rninute wheel pinion x lZ

Teeth in hour wheel x teeth in rninute wheel equals leaves in rninute wheel
Leaves in cannon pinion x L? pinion

Leaves in_c-annon-pinion x leaves in rninute wtreel pinio,n x lZ equals teeth in

teeth in hour wheel rninute wheel
Lcr.on 32 MASTER
WA!$UAK|NG Scctlonc 59.--:68'-19l
required together with the rnaterial
SEC. 562 - Practical Job Methods needed. Add to this the tirne it takes
and you have an idea of how rnuch to
ttWatchrnakertt has corne
The terrn charge.
down through the years to rnean one who
rnake s watche s . But in the true s ens e 1. Check crystal. (Lesson #3)
of the word, the watchrnaker of today is
a repairrnart, orie who has the ability to ?, Check crown, stern, sleeve, bow,
repair watche s no rnatte r who rnade etc. (Le ss on #Z|
thern, He is judged by his custorners
on his ability to rnake their watches 3. Check haads, (L*ssons #8 and
keep accurate tirne, the kind of tirne his #tt1
custorners can depend on.
4, Condition of dial. (L.sson f8)
A watchrnaker can be considered a
rnaster only when he is able to rrr.ake all 5, Check cannon pinion. {Les sons
of his watches keep tirne, #8 nd #I 1)
a

Frorn now orlr in your caree r in 6. Che ck hairspring. (les sons # I 8,

watch repairing, you know that you
# 1 9 , # Z A a n d #32)
rnust not neglect any repairs necessary
to put the train, the balance and hair- Check balance
7. staff. {Les son
spring, and the escapernent in first #l 5 )
class condition but you rnust also see
that the watch keeps tirne. 8. Check roller jewel, {Lesson #}3)

In this lesson, we want to show yo1:. 9, Che ck balance jewels . (L" s son
how to rnake your repairs in a systern- #13)
atic rTranne r . Systern rnake s fo r bette r
work aad increased profits. The rneth- I 0. Che ck pallets and e s c apernent,
ods outlined here have been used prof- (Le ss on #Zb)
itably by rnany watchrnakers. If you
will follow thern, you will sho rtly de * I I. Check rnainspring. (l-es sons #5
velop an efficient systern of handling and #5)
repairs that willbecorne second nature.
lZ . Che ck the tr ain. (Le s s ons #8
SEC. 563 - Estimailng and #10)

The first irnportant step when you

I 3. Obse rve gene ral condition of oiL,
have taken in a watch for repair is to
screws, etc, (L.sson #10)
estirnate what needs to be done. Try to
have the custorner leave the repair job
in order that you can rnake an accurate SEC, 564 * Making Repairs
estirnate, When you estirnate, you fig-
'W'hen
ure the rrraterial and the tirne it takes rnaking repairs on a watch,
to rnake the neces sary repairs, Yort doesntt it seern wise to do your repairs
base your charges upon your estirnate, first and then clean, assernble, oil and
Therefore, it is very irnportant that you bring the watch to tirne ? Donrt get into
check carefully each one of the follow- the habit of cleaning the watch first and
ing steps and rnake anote of the repairs then taking it apart again to repair it.
Secti on 56l+ MASTERWATCHMAKING Lesson32
The order of steps which follows I l, Rernove cannon pinion - tighten
has proven very practical when making if neces$ary, (l,e s $on$ #B and # t I )
repairs. In looking over the watch for
rnechanical trorrbles, follow these steps LZ. Check hairspring for center.
in the order given. Make your .ggp+irs Place regulator in center of index.
?s ,.poon as vou fin9 thq , tlq,*Fle. For (Lesson #32)
exarnple, if the watch is rnagnetized
(step #5), dernagnetize it right away. 13, Check hairspring for level.
'When
you check the roller jewel. {step {Lesson #32)
#el) and find it loose, reset it properly
at this tirne. As you use this seqr.tence L4. Rel.ease stud screw. (Les son #8)
tirne after tirne, yootll find it develops
speed in repairing and saves you dou- L5, Rernove balance cock and s€pr-
bling back to fix sornething yo1l should rate balance frorn cock. (Lesson #8|
have taken care of earlier, Tighten stud screw.

I. Test winding and setting. (Les - 16, Check regulator pins, adjust or
sons gZ and #9) replace, (Lessons #l t and #32)

Z. Rernove watch frorn case, (Les- L7. Place balance in truing caliper
son #1) and check hairspring in round and fL?t,
(t,esson #18)
3. Make all necessary rePairs such
as crowns, sterns, sleeves, bows, and 18. Rernove hairspring, (Lesson #15)
crystals. {Lessons #Z and #3)
L9. Replace hairspring in balance
4. Polish and clean case. As s€rrr- cock and recheck for center and level.
ble and put to one s ide . (f-. s s orls # t Check outside terrninal coil to see if it
and #10) is circled correctLy. (Les sons #8 and
#32)
5, Check for rnagnetisrn, (L. s sons
#1r) ZA. Rernove hairspring from bridge
and tighten stud screw,
6, Check loose cannon pinion with
pegwood pushed against rninute hand. Z L " C h e c k r o l l e r j e w e l , ( L e s s o n # 1 3)
(Lessons #8 and #t l)
22, Check for broken balance or cap
7. Remove hands and dial, and jewels. Replace if neces sary, (Les sons
tighten dial screws. Replace screws #13, #L4 and #30)
if necessary. {Lessons #Z and #8)
23. Burnish and polish balance Piv-
8. Check dial and dial feet. (Le s - ots. (l,esson #31) Fit new balance staff
sons #8 and #29) if necessary. (Lesson #t 5) When pol-
ishing the upper balance pivot, it is
9. Fit ne'w hands if necessary. perrnissible to catch the balance up oll
(Lesson #11) irnpulse roller. Use a chuck of proper
slze and rnake certain the staff runs
I0. Check teeth in hour wheel. {l-,es- true before end.eavoring to polish the
sons #8, #10 and #1 1) pivot, If roller will not hold, rernove
Leseon32 I{ASTENWATCHMAKING S e c ti o n 5 6 {

50 MM.

Fi g . 3 2 ' ? 5

D I A M E T ER O F
WIRE = t.S MM.
o
(u SEVERAL STRANDS OF
COTTON STRING

A 35 MM.

roller (Lesson #15) and catch up on 26. Rernove cap jewels, replace bal-
roller post. To polish lower pivot, ance jewels, and jewel screws. (Lesson
catch up on collet post. In either case, #lo)
if the pivots do not run true, it is best
to use a pivot polisher as shown in fig- 27. Polish balance wheel rirn if nec-
ure 3l-24, Lesson #f t. Burnish end of essary, To polish between the screws
every balance pivot lightly with srnooth of a balance wheel, rnake a srnall bow
pivot burnisher, grind with grinding slip of bras s wire, Approxirnate dirnen-
if necessary, and polish with boxwood sions are given in figure 32-35. Wind
slip and diarnontine. two or three loops of cotton store string
frorn A to B, keeping it taut. Wet the
24. Replace balance, check endshake string with alcohol and rub ac ros s a
and sideshake. (L"sson #13) sticlc of rouge , Balance s c rews and
rirn of wheel are then polished as in
25. Check guard action. (lesson #26) figure 3Z-36. Brush balance with clean-
ing solution to rernove all rouge,
$ect i on 56q MASTERWATCHMAKING Lesson 32

?,8. True and poise balance wheel. in a wheel chuck or cement to a flat
(t essons #L6 and #L7) face cernent chuck, which has been hol-
lowed out, rnaking certain that the pivot
29. Check lock, drop and slide; a1so, runs true. N,gyS,.T place q , pivol -i.* g
sideshake of pallet arbor, (Lesson, #?-6) ,*h,tr,Skas itwil1 naar or distortthe shape
of the pivot. Lightly brush the ends of
30. Let down power. (Lesson #5) the pivot with a srnooth pivot burnisher,
Grind pivot with grinding slip, if rr€c-
3 I. Rernove fork and exarnine pallet es s ar! t and polish with boxwood slip
stones and guard dart. (Le s s on #76) and diarnontine.
Polish pallet arbor pivots if necessary.
{Lesson #: i 1 Make neces$ary escape* 37, Check and peg out allpivot holes,
rnent adjustrnents . (Les s on #26) Close hol-es if necessaTy. (f-"sson #LZ)
Replace broken jewels. {Lussons #LZ,
32. Check train wheels to see if they #14and #At
run true. Check lower 4th pivot for
tn:.eness. 38. Check endshake in barrel arbor.
(Lesson #5)
33. Disassernble rnovement. (Lesson
#8) 39, Clean teeth in rnainspring barrel
using a stiff brush. (lesson #10)
34, Dip each wheel and pinion in
benzine or carbon tetrachloride and 40. Rernove rnainspring, replace if
push leaves and pivots into pithwood, necessary, check hook in barrel, and on
barrel arbor. Polish bearing surfaces
35. Rernove rust frorn pinion leaves. on arbor, barrel and cap if necessary.
(l,esson #10) (Lessons #5 ane #6)

36. Polish or burnish pivots if nec- 4L, Check and repair winding and
essary. (Les son #3L) When polishing setting parts. {L"sson #9)
train pivots, place arbor or pinion
leaves in chuck, rnaking certain that the 42 . Fit all ne w rnate rial. All re -
pivot runs true. If irnpossible to catch pairs should have been cornpleted by
on arbor or pinion Leaves, place wheel llow.
 Leeson32 MASTERWATCHMAKING Section 565

43, Clean and dty al1 parts of watch,

(Les son # I 0) Repolish top of balance C OV E R
rirn using srnall charnois buff and rouge,
Afte r the balance has been thoroughly
cleaned and dried, polish the upper side
A.......-
of rirn with a circular rnotion as in fig-
ure 32 *37. The buff can be either charn-
ois or leather and the wheel should be
held between the fingers with watch pa-
per. Do not use any pressure. Rernove B_*
traces of rouge with soft dty brush.

sEC. b6b - Rerriew of Cleaning Methods

C-
A, Cyanide, soap, alcohol, and sow*
dust, (t,esson #10, Section 237)

FRAME
B. Modern 7 Jar Method., (Lesson
WITH
#LA, Sections Z3B through Z4T)
AUTOMATIC
L O CK I N G
C. Machine Cleaning Method.s: DEVICE

The rnodern rnethod is to us€ Fi g . 3 2 - 3 8

the ? jar cleaning rnethod as described
in Lesson #10. Section 239. To use this Rinse quickly in solutions #4, #5, #6,
rnethod with the rnachine reguires 7 and #? and d"y thoroughly
jars plus the heat dryer unit, Label the over heater
on cleaning rnachine.
jars frorn I to T. A comrnon type of
cleaning basket is illustrated in figure 3 Jar Cleaning Method: Although
32-38, Put bridges, plates, and, barrel the 7 jar rnethod is superior, there are
into the largest Cornpartrnent C, place a great tarany shops which use the 3 jar
all screws, levers, train wheels, etc, rnethod with heate r. This rnethod of
which you know will not slip through cleaning requires that all parts of a
basket in Cornpartrnent B. place pallet watch be brushed thoroughly with naphtha
fork and balance in Cornpartrnent A. or benzine before putting in the cleaning
rnachine. As sernble parts in cleaning
Pre caution: Clean hair spring basket as outlined in Lesson #10, Sec-
separatelv. tion 258, and run in solution #1, which
is the cleaning solution, not to exceed
Place cover on basket and place 30 seconds, This will keep the parts
in cleaning rnachine. Run slowly in So* frorn turning dull and it should not re -
lution #l for approxirnateLy 60 second.s. quire any rrlore tirne than this if the o1d^
Spin off surplus solution in upper half oil has been thoroughly loosened before
of jar #l, Rinse quickly in solutio n cleaning.
#Z Quickly rinse in solutions #Z
and spin off surplus, Run very, very and #3 and dry parts over heater,
slowly in solution #3 for approxirnately
15 to 30 seconds, This solution is used.
to brighten parts eo do not letit remain A srnalf jar with an airtight
l r .

screw t"p
for over 30 seconds. Spin off surplus containing naphtha or benzine should be
$ections 566,567 MASTERWATCHMAK]NG Legsongz

kept handy for cleaning the hairspring. In rnost cases, the balance will slow
D"y with so{t wat,ch brush or blower. It down rr:lore rapidly in this position tharr
is a good idea to warna the hairspring in the D U (Dial Up) or D D (Dial Down).
s lightly to rnake ce rtain that all the
cleaning solution has been evaporated. I 0. Replace pallet fork ( rernernber
to oil escape wheel teeth) and wind the
SEC. 566 - Assembling stern 5 or 6 turns. Test lock, drop,
draw, slide and endshake. (Lesson #26|
l. Replace rnainspring, oil barrel
I l. Replace balance without hair-
arbor and rnainspring, (Lessons #5 and
spring and check roller and safety Bc-
#6) tion. (l,esson #?6, Many of the high
grade pocket watche s will run on half
Z, Replace winding and setting parts, 'When
t1rne, the balance (without a hair-
and oil. (Lessons #9 and # l0)
spring) continrres to oscil.late frorn irn-
pulses irnparted to the roller jewel by
3, Replace and oil all balance hole
the fork, it is referred to as running on
and cap jewel cornbinations . (L" s s on tthaH tirnelt. A watch capable of
n:nning
#lo) ontthalf tirnett in the Dial Down position
should also run on thaH tirnetr in the
4. Replace train wheels and oil piv-
Dial Up position or vice versa.
ots. (Les sons #8 and # 1 0)

5, Check the train carefully by If all ol the above conditions

winding the rnainspring, and in rnost have been rnet, the watch can be ad-
cases the train wheels will run down judged to be in good condition,
and the escape wheel will corne to a
stop and then reverse its direction, lZ. Repl"ace hairspring (Lesson #3?)
This is called train recoil and generally and put watch in beat (t esson #26)
speaking, the train is in top notch cor-
dition if this recoil takes place. (Les - 13. Check rnotion. (Lesson #l l, Sec,
son #8) z6e)
6, Place balance in watch wlth pal* L4, Replace cannon pinion, hour
Iet bridge in place and place rnovernent wheel, dial and hands.
dial down,
15. Check rnotion.
7 , With a srnall brush or pointed
piece of pegwood, test balance by flick-
irg it with brush, Not fast, Carefully
obse rve the re action. The balance SEC. 567 - Ti'mirlg and Regulation
should revolve freely and slow down
s:**ee$d
Rating is the observation and corrl-
8. Repeat this operation Dial Up parlson o{ the daily rate of a watch
position. When you are certain that the when it is being adjusted.
action is free in both positions, the bal-
ance is in good order, TiT?ing is the operation required to
bring a watch to tirne after it has been
9, Turn balance pendant up and te st, repaired and rated.
 L a e g o n3 2 MASTERIVATCHMAKING $ ' e c ti o n r 5 6 8 , $ 6 9
Regulation refe rs to the regulator &. The train rnust be free,
ad;uffi[E-T? a watch to its o*ne"ts cleaned, and oiled properly.
personal routine and habits.
b. The escapernent rrrust be free
This les son could be extended into and have snap.
volrrrnes if we were to consider all the
theories advanced and ope rations re - c. The balance rnust be in first
quired in ternperature and position ad- clas s condition,
justing. In this lesson, we will consider
three positions first as these three po- d, Hairspring true and c€n_
sitions are rnost irnportant in the nr'a- tered. Regulator pins adjusted prope rly.
jority of watche s in us e today. Facts
,
theories, and problerns regarding tern- €. Pivots polished,
perature and position adjusting are
contained in rnany good books and the f . Endshakes and sideshakes at
student should endeavor to do a certain a rninirnur-t [r
arnount of study and practice frorn r€c-
onlmended books, g, \ff'heel true and poised.

SEC. 568 - Limits of Accuracy H these conditions have been rnet,

we should have good rnotion,
First, we, as watch repairrnen, have
to consider that the factory which rnade 3, Dial Up and Dial Down the rrro-
the watch has rnade the ne ces s ary ad - tion should UE tne s"me;:VZ turns.
justrnents regarding ternperature and (lesson #l t)
position errors and we, therefore, are
only expected to repair the watch as 4. Pendant UR" the rnotion should be
well as it was when it left the factory. about l %1u; turns. (Lesson #1 l )
Consequently, we are prirnarily inte r-
ested in: In watches with a Breguet hair_
spring, the regulator pins should be
1. Putting the watch in first clas s parallel and be adjusted with a rnini_
s hape. rrru.rn"arnount of play, (Lesson #3Zj This
is also true with flathairsprings butthe
2, Making the watch keep accurate arnount of clearance is greater in rnost
tirne within certain lirnits i,e., a rail- cases than the Breguet Spring, (lesson
road watch of. 71 or 23 jewels rnust keep #32l-
tirne within 30 seconds per week. This
is the rnaxirnurn e rror allowed by the
watch Inspector. With careful regula* SEC. 569 - Rating and Timing Records
tion you should get greater accuracy.
This is also possible with ZJ, l5f, l?J 'When
all of the above conditions
and 19J watches in good ord.er, have been rnet, we will rnake three pre-
lirninary tests and keep a record of each
Average wrist watches should test, Set the second hand of the watch
keep tirne within 90 seconds p€ r week you are tirning with a .regulator having
rrrore or less. The principal factors to a known rate, Clf cou.rse, the best pos-
conside r before endeavoring to ad,just sible regulator is a short wave radis
and tirne a watch are:
Eet which sends tirne signals on diffe r-
Sect i on 57A MASTERWATCHMAKING Lesson32

ent wave lengths 24 hours pe r d.y, A wrist watch should have about 10
Other rnethods include regular radio to 15 second.s per average d*y gain for
tone beats, chronornete rs, clocks, etc. the saine reason,

Set the second hand on your watch For final check, cornpare rate a full
to correspond exactly with the second 24 hours in each position, Regulating a
hand on your regulator and place your watch when the rate is known can be
watch in a Dial Up position. All ratgs accornplished. by the rneantirrae s"".*.,
arg,. Fase4 on a 43 hor{s .-pPriod... Wind (t es son # I l ). Turning thern in will
the watch fully, It isnrt necessary for cause the watch to gain: turning thern
us to let the watch rrrn the full Z4 hours out will cause the watch to lose, Add-
before rnaking further checks as that ing tirning washers will cause the watch
slows down the proce ss of adjusting. to lose and rernoving washers or weight
For exarnple: Let us say we let our frorn balance wheel will cause it to gain,
watch run for 3 hours in the Dial Up
position, At the end of this 3 hour pq-
riod, calculate the los s o r gain ove r €" SEC. 5?0 - Timing Machines
Z4 hour period and rnake a note of it,
Place watch in Dial Down position and By now yolt should be able to put a
calculate the los s or gain ove r a 24 watch in good running order and bring
hour period, and rnake a note of it, Now it to tirne properly. Of course, yoll rnay
run watch in Pendant Up pos ition and be slow, but speed corl.-€s only with
calculate the loss or gain ove r a 24 practice.
hour period and rnake a note of it, The
Dial Up and Dial Down position should At this point in his training, the a,V-
be the sarne. The Pendant Up rnay vary erage student becornes intrigued with
sortl." but should be within a reasonable the re cently developed e1ectronic tirn-
arnount of loss or gain, lV'hen these cal- irg devices. In his enthusiasrn, he is
culations have been rnade and found to often led to believe that the rnachine
be correct, it is only a rnatter of adding will rnake his repair analys is for hirn
weight to or subtracting weight frorn ttcr-lre-allrr
and is a for watch trouble s ,
the balance wheel in order to bring the Actually, the rnachine is nothing rnore
watch to tirne, than a cbeck on his craftsrnanship and
not a substitute for it.
If we are tirning a pocket watch, w€
will rnake the ad justrne nt ne c e s s a ry to Before the watch is placed in the
bring the watch to tirne in the Pendant rnachine, it rnust be in good running
UP pos ition as this is the position in order. This rneans that all repairs have
which the custorrrer will carry his watch been rnade. By following the rnode rn
in the greater portion of tirne he will shop outline, the good craftsrnan locates
wear it. A wrist watch is brought to and corrects the trouble as he checks
tirne in the Pendant Down position for each part. The rnachine does not rnake
the sarne reason. repairs nor is it a short cut to rnaking
repairs. It t-,ts thg job that..,h1s*
9:,gg
It is better to have pocket watches done and shows up work that rnay have
gain frorn 5 to l0 seconds per d.y av- been slighted. If you have properly
e rage and then have the custorne r r€ - repaired the watch according to the
turn for regulating to his personal ha* Modern Shop outline, it is unlikely that
bits, the rnachine will ever indicate errors
Lesson32 MASTERWATCIIMAKING S e c ti o n 5 7 0

such as dirty balance jewels, rrrd.gn€- The ave rage rnan uses a tirning
tisrn, loose roller jewels, bent regula- rnachine very briefly for rating or tirn-
tor pins, wheels out of poise and so ittg -- frorn 30 to 60 seconds with the
fnrth. The good watchrnake r will have watch half wound or fully wound. Sorne
already found and corrected these er- feel the rate they get frorn the rnachine
rors. He does not need a rnachine for tape is accurate for the entire 24 hour
this purpos e . period. A true rate is pos sible only
when the watch has run for a full 24-
The rnain advantage of an electronic hour period in any one position. Many
tirning rnachine is a saving in tirne for students have failed exarninations be -
the watchrnaker when rating, tirning and cause of this failure to test their watches
adjusting, With it he can bring watches over a 24 hour period,
to tirne rnore quickly than without it.
This means better service for his clls- Be a good watchrnaker, This rrreans
torne r, But depending on the rnachine to use all rnode rn equiprnent available
to op that will help you increase your incorne, .,
"ho*
9,.?9"9uraee=slig:?ho*.._-Tg.p*i.l,}3,-bitl:. $ ave tirne and give greater se rvice to
There is then less saving as the repai" your custorne rs . But these devices
work rnust be done over before the rnust be used with understanding. The
watch can be brought to tirne. rnachine is only as good as the rnan who
operates it.

WHAT IS A WATCH ???

"An ordinory sixteen-sizewotch of the present doy is composed of qbout 2lZ
?!S:^Ilking 18,000 beots or vibrations.per hour. ir hos to mske'432,000 per i"y,
152680,000 per yeqr. The b<rlqncewheeltrovels l.4il incheswifh euch vibrotion which "t
is equol to 9.75 miles in twenty-four hours; 292.50 miles in thirty d<rys,or 3,5Sg.7Smiler
in one yeor."

"Am9ng the mony w.hoorrn ond ccrry wotches, how few ever stop to think of the
omount of broin power thut has been exp-ended upon its constructionor rhe repoiis
necessqry_tobring ii bock to its originol foctory condition. The number of its porrt
ond the dificulties ottendont upor the qssemblingof oll these delicote ports into one
hormoniouswhole so when cornplered it sholl ruri conrinuoustyfor o period of monrhs
of feqst, ond olwsys indicofe the correcf time without even o momenit rest.,,

- * Anonyrrlous
 note:

(No job sheetsare associatedwith Lesson32, Part 2)