THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF MICRO-BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IN

BARANGAY PADRE ZAMORA

BAGUIO CITY

A Research

Presented to

The Faculty of the College of Criminal Justice Education

Baguio Central University

Baguio City

By:

Cigfried D. Macao

Janssen Charles A. Mangideg

Raymond E. Valenton

Val Chandler B. Witawit

Vena Chariz B. Witawit

May 2024
 ABSTRACT

This research investigates the socio-economic contributions of micro-business enterprises

in Barangay Padre Zamora, Baguio City. It highlights the significance of these businesses in
enhancing the financial status of their owners and their role in local economic development.
Utilizing a qualitative-narrative design, the study involved semi-structured interviews with
twelve micro-business owners to explore their experiences, challenges, and coping strategies.
Key findings reveal that micro-businesses significantly improve the livelihoods of owners while
also facing various operational challenges, such as securing business permits and competition
from larger enterprises. The study underscores the need for supportive policies and resources to
foster the growth of micro-businesses, which are vital for poverty alleviation and community
development in the region. Recommendations for local officials and future researchers are also
provided to enhance the sustainability and effectiveness of micro-enterprises in the area.

Keywords: socio-economic, micro-business enterprises, financial status, economic development,

sustainability
 INTRODUCTION

Micro-businesses, also known as micro-enterprises, have a long-standing history

globally. These small-scale enterprises have played a significant role in local economies,
providing employment opportunities and contributing to the overall growth and development of
communities (Ahmad, 2013).

The first known instance of humans trading comes from New Guinea around 17, 000
BCE, where locals exchanged obsidian, a black volcanic glass used to make hunting for other
needed goods. These early entrepreneurs exchanged one set of goods for another (Medina, 2019).

In 1944, the term “micro-business” was first coined by economist Professor

Muhammmad Yunus, who later founded the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, pioneering the
concept of microfinance. The bank was established for the purpose of making small loans to the
poor, predominantly women, to help them obtain economic self-sufficiency. The fundamental
principle behind the Grameen Bank is that credit is a human right. This strategy was highly
effective as the bank grew exponentially from fewer than 15,000 borrowers in 1980 to 7.67
million at the end of 2008, 97% of whom are women (Megginson, 2018).

The People Power Revolution in the Philippines led to economic reforms, including the
promotion of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) as a means to alleviate poverty and promote
inclusive growth. In 1991, Republic Act No. 6977 also known as “The Micro, Small, and
Medium Enterprise Development (MSMED) providing support and incentives for MSEs,
including micro businesses (Reyes, 2012).

Business in the Philippines is fast-growing and continues to develop. Large

establishments continue to grow and expand. This leaves small business owner to be left in the
shadow and be unable to complete with them. To alleviate the problems of small businesses,
Republic Act No. 9187, also known as “The Barangay Micro Business Enterprises (BMBE’s)”
was established with the aim to provide incentives and benefits therefor, and for other purposes
and aims to recognize small businesses and micro-enterprises as a crucial part of the country’s
economy (Timabang, 2015).

Zooming in on Benguet, a province in the Philippines known for its agricultural industry,
micro-businesses have thrived in the realm of farming and food production. Early Days,
Indigenous communities engage in small-scale agriculture, cultivating crops to sustain their
communities, and engage in local trade. In the 1900s, the arrival of American colonizers led to
the commercialization of agriculture in Benguet, with micro-businesses specializing in vegetable
farming and coffee production. In 1970s, Benguet became known as the “Salad Bowl of the
Philippines” due to the proliferation of micro-businesses focusing on vegetables making
significant contributions to the local economy (Serrano, 2016).

The long-term perspective of small businesses gives greater guarantee for the company’s
survival in terms of everyday, dramatic changes and creates wide prospects and opportunities for
development of the national economy as a whole. In this direction stimulation, their support, and
assistance, taking into account their strengths and their role as one of the factors that accelerate
economic development. This is coupled with the issue of weaknesses and problems facing small
businesses, as well as the relevance of the importance and the position of small businesses in
every economic structure. The paper is summarized with the need for support and assistance of
small businesses and with the advantages of small businesses that create opportunities for
development (Clark & Douglas, 2010).

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

Republic Act No. 9178. The Barangay Micro Business Enterprise were created under
sec. 1, R.A 9178, known as An Act to promote the establishment of Barangay Micro Business
Enterprise. Providing incentives and benefits therefor, and other purposes. This act refers to any
business entity or enterprise engaged in the production, processing or manufacturing of products
or commodities, including agro-processing, trading and services, whose total assets including
those arising from loans but exclusive of the land on which the particular business entity’s office
plant.

It recognizes that small business and micro-enterprise are crucial components of

economic development in the country. They provide livelihoods for Filipinos and improve the
quality of life.

The following theories, concepts, and ideas are valuable insights useful in the
examination, analysis, and interpretation of the results and findings of the study.

Psychological Theory. Entrepreneurship is a psychological process and concept.

According to this theory, psychological factors are the primary source of entrepreneurship
development. When there are sufficient number of persons having the same psychological
characteristics in the society, them there are bright chances of development of entrepreneurship
(Schumpeter, 2021).

In relation to entrepreneurship such as the micro-businesses, psychological theory

percepts that those different attributes and attitudinal of the entrepreneurs would define how far
their businesses can go.

Sociological Theory. Entrepreneurship is a sociological concept and process; the

sociological factors are the secondary source of entrepreneurship development. As such, the
social factors like social attitudes, values and institutions significantly influence the
entrepreneurial supply in a society (Chetty, 2020).

In relation to this theory Sociological Knowledge helps micro-business owners to have

knowledge about people’s culture including their buying habits, income levels, or their quality of
life as a whole.

Economic Theory. According to this theory, an entrepreneur executes all activities due
to economic incentives. The main aim of this theory is profit motive (Gandhi, 2022).

It helps the micro business owners to develop, organize and run a business along with
handling uncertainties in order to make profits.

Macro-level Theory. Examine societal factors influencing crime rates. (Mckeown, 2016)
 In the context of micro-business, understanding this theory can aid in developing targeted
crime prevention strategies.

Neighborhood Theory. According to this theory it highlights the development of

offenders, while place level explanations emphasize crime events. Three perspectives suggest the
importance of places for understanding crime: rational choice, routine activity and crime pattern
theory (Weisburd, 2017).

Criminologists and crime prevention practitioners are increasingly aware of the

importance of place of crime. A focus on crime places contrasts with a focus on neighborhoods.

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

The input frame includes the experiences, challenges and coping mechanisms used to
deal with the challenges faced by the Micro-Businesses. The process frame includes the
procedure for how the researchers will be constructing questionnaires for the purpose of data
gathering. The data collected will be analyzed and translated by the researches. Lastly, collating
all the responses coming from the respondents.

Significance of the Study

This study would be beneficial primarily to the following:

Barangay Officials. Data and findings provided in this research can be used by the
officials to make a guided-decisions in creating and implementing Barangay ordinance that
covers micro-businesses. Barangay officials or those who are in the authority to preside the
micro-businesses owners may gain new strategies in growing and developing these businesses, in
this reason it contributes a helping-hand in uplifting poverty in the Barangay and it enables the
law makers of the Barangay to construct regulations that instruct the micro-businesses to be
hygienic in their workplaces.

Micro-businesses Entrepreneurs. Since one of the primary focus of this study is the
best marketing management of micro-businesses owners. Therefore, from this research they may
benefit new methods in the field of marketing that they can use to improve their income. Thus,
through this their quality of life may upgrade.

Baguio Central University Students. Not only to the business-related course, but also
useful to those aspiring entrepreneurs in all students of colleges. It will provide the students with
some knowledge on how to handle business when they start a micro-business. Also, to those
students who already run a micro-business while studying, this study may serve as a guide for
them in growing theirs.

Future Researchers. Future researchers under the topic of micro-businesses can adopt
this study as their basis. Through this ready-to-use and validated knowledge about micro-
businesses, the future researchers may save effort and time. Furthermore, this study could
function as a source and reference to their studies.

Objectives of the study

This study aimed to know the contribution of micro businesses in Barangay Padre
Zamora, Baguio City. Specifically, it sought to answer the following:

 To determine the significance of micro-business contributing in the financial status of the

micro-business owners
 To identify the problems encountered by the business owners in running their business
 To discover the coping strategies of micro-business in barangay Padre Zamora in
overcoming the challenges

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The design of the study was qualitative-narrative. It presents a model that enables the
researcher to conduct in-depth analysis from details and discover information from involvement
in actual observable experiences. This is the best design for the study because it employs
inductive reasoning which helps the researcher conclude, and therefore create a design based on
the experiences and observations of the selected sample population.

Population and Locale of the Study

The respondents of this study comprised of twelve (12) micro-business owners in

Barangay Padre Zamora, Baguio City. The study was conducted in Barangay Padre Zamora. This
was done during the 2nd Semester of the Academic Year 2023-2024. They were chosen as the
respondents because they have adequate knowledge around the concerned area of the study.

Data Gathering Tools

The instrument for data collection employed a semi-structured interview and an interview
guide. A semi-structured interview is “a verbal interchange where one person, the interviewer,
attempts to elicit information from another person by asking questions and unfolds in a
conversational manner offering participants the chance to explore issues they feel are important”
(Longhurst, 2003). A semi-structured interview is conducted in a flexible, informal, and
conversational setting. It has an interview guide composed of specific question and open-ended
questions along with some follow-up how or why questions which allow for in-depth discussion.

Data Gathering Procedure

The data gathering has undergone a step-by-step procedure starting with selecting the
participants and presenting then with an invitation for an interview along with a consent form.
Setting up the interview venue and utilizing a semi-structured interview guide to conduct the
interview using a voice recorder. Respondents were approach individually to conduct the
interview.

Treatment of the Data

The researchers adopted the thematic analysis. Thematic Analysis is qualitative research
method that the researchers use to systematically organize and analyze complex data sets. It is a
search for themes that can capture the narratives available in the account of data sets. It involves
the identification of themes through careful reading and re-reading of the transcribed data
(Vishak, 2022). This process will give more emphasis to the events or the content of the narrative
during the conversational exchange between the researchers and the respondent.

Each transcript was individually analyzed. Several readings of each transcript will start
with the initial, then be coded to form emergent themes. This was repeated for each transcript
before searching for similarities.

Ethical Considerations

The researcher observed ethical procedure in the conduct of this study. Permission was
sought from the Dean to allow the researcher to administer the interview guide questions.
 The name of the respondents was kept confidential unless disclosure is required by law.
There are no known or anticipated risks associated with participation in this study. The
respondents did not receive reimbursement for their participation, and it is voluntary. They were
be given a chance to refuse to participate or discontinue their participation at any time without
any penalty.

Some details of this research may not be made known for them until the session is
completed. Thus, no harm was brought to the respondent mentally, emotionally, and physically,
regarding the conduct of the study. In the entire process of the study, the welfare of the
respondents was the priority of the research. Privacy and confidentiality were always be
observed, particularly name of the respondents and other information unnecessary to the study.
The researchers adhere the guidelines set by the Republic Act. No. 10173 known as the “Data
Privacy Act of 2012”. Through these, the researcher can assure the privacy and confidentiality of
the qualitative-narrative research.

The respondents were given a copy of the results to be informed of the findings.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Significance of Micro-Business contributing in the Financial Status of the Micro-Business

owners

Based from the interview conducted, the researchers were able to found out answers for
the research questions. The significance of Micro-Business contributing in the financial status of
the Micro-Business owners.

Supports Financial Stability

Micro-Business are credited as a significant contributor to economic growth of a

community, aside from this, one positive role of Micro-business, it contributed to lessening the
financial burden of the owners. Through this, not only the basic needs of the owner but including
their large bills are being supported or in some means it provides help with completing the bill.
One key informant stated that:

KI1: “Dito po kami nagrerely sa pangkain namin, sa allowance din ng mga anak
naming, kasi wala naman kaming ibang trabaho kundi dito lang kami umaasa tsaka wala
naman trabaho asawa ko. Sa amin po kasi kung ano yung napagtindihan namin araw-
araw yun na po yung pantustus sa pag-aaral at pambayad narin po ng tuition ng mga
bata”

(This is where we rely on our food, also on our children's allowance, because we don't
have any other job but this is the only thing we rely on, and my husband doesn't have a
job. In our case, what we've been doing every day is the cost of education.)

This implies that the skill of managing is a need for the micro-business owners to acquire
in running a business for them to make a positive effect on their business, for this enables them
to prolong their finances and as well as stretching them.
 A theory on Capital Asset Pricing Model, the expected return of an investment is
determined by two factors: the risk-free rate of return and the risk premium. The risk-free rate
represents the return an investor can earn with zero risk, typically based on government bonds.
The risk premium, on the other hand, reflects the additional return an investor expects to receive
for taking on the risk associated with a particular investment (Bjerke & Fonn, 2019).

According to Levitsky (2019) noted that such enterprise was the main source of
livelihood for up to half of population of the developing countries. With the right handling and
running the business, micro-businesses could generate and create a continuous income for the
owners that could offer a safety net during economic downturns or unexpected life events,
providing a safeguard against sudden financial hardships.

Serves as a primary source of income

Micro-business, though small in scale, can have significant contributions to their owners.
They provide a source of income and can contribute to the owner’s livelihood. One of the Micro-
business owners stated that:

KI2: “Ang aming inaasahan lamang ay ang aming maliit na negosyo na nagbibigay ng
mga pangunahing pangangailangan naming tulad ng damit, pagkain, pambayad sa upa,
tubig at kuryente. Sa pamamagitan ng pagpapatakbo ng maliit na negosyo ay nagagawa
naming mabuhay at makayanan ang pagtaas ng mga bayarin”.

(All we expect is for our small business to provide our basic necessities such as clothing,
food, rent payments, water and electricity. By running a small business, we are able to
survive and cope with the increasing fees they are tasked to pay.)

It implies that the micro-business owners must come to an idea of improving their
business as well as growing them. Growing business is crucial in increasing profits and sales.
Moreover, it allows them to be a competitive micro-business owner and causes them to possess a
growth mindset of an entrepreneur.

According to the Entrepreneurial Earnings Theory, the primary source of income for
Micro-business owners is the profits they earn from their business activities. Profit is the
difference between total revenue and total costs incurred by the Micro-business. It represents the
financial reward that entrepreneurs receive for taking on the risks and uncertainties associated
with running their own businesses (Curs & Singell, 2018).

In the study of Cox (2018) the study emphasizes that micro-businesses provide additional
income to the owners. The study found that several factors have an impact on the income of
micro-business owners, including length of business, operation, business capital and type of
business.

The Problems encountered by the business owners in running their business

The challenges of the business owners in running their business are overlapping of taxes
and inflation of commodities and expenses. Challenges are usually encountered when they
process their business permits that causes inconvenience to them. By understanding these
challenges, micro-business owners can increase their chances of success and growth.

Overlapping of taxes

This means that overlapping of taxes can have significant implications for micro
businesses in a community, including increased financial burden, complexity and compliance
costs, competitive disadvantages, inefficiency and distortions, compliance risk and
administrative burdens. Respondent stated that:

KI2: “Nagdudulot ito ng pabigat dahil relihiyosong binabayaran ko ang aking mga
buwis sa BIR, ang City Hall sa pamamagitan ng Mayor’s Office at ang City Treasury ay
nangongolekta pa rin ng buwis. Iyon ang dahilan kung bakit mahirap para sa mga
negosyante na tamasahin ang kanilang pakinabang”

(It causes burden since I am religiously paying my taxes to BIR, City Hall through the
Mayor’s Office and City Treasury still collect taxes. That’s why it is difficult for
entrepreneurs to enjoy their gain)

It implies that in order to address this, business owners are strongly advised to keep
meticulous records of their expenses and tax obligations throughout the year. This allows them to
have an organized records and through this, it helps them identify and address any instances of
overlapping taxes before they become a problem in their financial. Moreover, educating
themselves about relevant tax, laws and regulation can make them informed about their decisions
and avoid common pitfall.

According to the theory on “Theory of tax efficient and tax optimization”, this theory
states that micro-business owners faced problems when multiple levels of government impose
taxes on the same income or activity. The overlapping of taxes can create inefficiencies and
distortions in the tax system, leading to negative consequences for micro-businesses (Saadia,
2022).

In the Study of Smith & Johnson (2022) discusses the overlapping of taxes for micro-
business owners. The study examines the potential tax, actual tax, and tax among different
categories of micro and small enterprise. It also analyzes the factors that contribute to the tax
gap, such as location and type of structure.

Inflation of Commodities and Expenses

Commodity and expenditure inflation poses various challenges for micro-business

owners. It increases the cost of inputs, reduces profit margins, impacts consumer demand,
disrupts planning and budgeting, and creates disadvantages. Micro-businesses need to carefully
manage their expenses. One of the respondents shared that:

KI1: “Sa aming nagnenegosyo ng sari-sari store, shempre ang una naming problema is
yung kakulangan ng pera, bukod sa business permit eh may iba pa kaming binabayaran
tulad nalang ng pagbayad ng renta buwan-buwan, isa pa eh tumataas ang mga bilihin”.
 (For those of us who do business in various stores, of course our first problem is the lack
of money, apart from the business permit, we have to pay other things such as monthly
rent payments, another thing is that the price is increasing particularly in groceries.)

This implies that the business owners must regularly monitor market trends and inflation
anticipate future changes in expenses as well as adjusting the prices of their products to the right
price.

According to Theory of Financial Crises, funds are designed to improve the stability of a
business, unfortunately, financial crises generate extreme disruption of the normal flow of gains
in a particular business (Dearing, 2018).

In the study of Harries & Raviv (2019) emphasizes how inflation is affecting small
businesses, including price increases, seeking new suppliers, and the need to adjust pricing and
make big decisions in uncertain economic times.

The Coping Strategies of Micro-Business in Barangay Padre Zamora in overcoming the

challenges

The challenges faced by the business owners vary and they have adapted their individual
coping strategies to overcome these challenges. They apply these coping mechanisms to solve
personal and interpersonal problems and reducing stress induced by unpleasant and stressful
situation.

Saving

Saving in a micro-business is crucial for long-term financial stability and growth. It

involves setting aside a portion of the business’s income to build an emergency fund, invest in
future opportunities. One key informant stated that:

KI2: “para po mapanatili namin ang aming Negosyo ay pinipilit po namin na mag set
aside ng pera kasi annually din po kasi nagbabayad eh, may isang taon kaming mag-
ipon para pambayad ng tax”.

(We are trying to keep our business going, but we have to set aside money every year
because we pay taxes every year).

This implies that the business owners, develop a detailed budget that summarized the
income, expenses, and savings target that they ought to achieve. Monitoring their savings’
progress regularly to stay accountable and track their achievement toward their financial goal. In
these ways, they can reinforce a strict and motivated progress of saving.

According to the theory Financial Instability Hypothesis stated that in prosperous times,
when corporate cash flow rises beyond what is needed to pay off debt, a speculative euphoria
develops, and soon thereafter debts exceed what borrowers can pay off from their incoming
revenues, which in turn produces a financial crisis (Kintler, 2019).
 In the study of Minsky (2017) describes how periods of economic stability can
paradoxically lead to greater instability in the long run. More investment generates higher profits
at the aggregate level, all else being equal. This is a positive sign for most investors and can
businesses owners. It can make the financial system more stable.

Taking care of the customers

Every business has their own buyers or more popularly known as what they called “suki”
in the Philippines or return buyers. Business owners value their customers in order for them to
gain profit and most specifically gain their trust in that matter they don’t have to worry about not
having any customers. A good attitude of the owners or the workers is such a great help in the
success of every business. Respondent stated that:

KI1: “inaalagaan din naming mga customer naming, yung hindi naming sila tinataasan
ng boses kahit nakakaasar na minsan kasi kailangan din po naming sila eh”.

(We also take care of our customers, which we don't raise our voices on them because we
are in need of them).

This implies that the business owners must offer a genuine kind of friendship to their
customer to maintain their relationship with their customers. As well as, by continually striving
to provide value to their customer and offering a good quality products or services that meets the
needs and satisfaction of their customers.

According to the Management Theory of Porter (2020) not all business is only after
money but about offering them the best and quality products which the customers can use. Thus
make the customer satisfied that in return the company would make money.

In study of Loubaki (2021) he emphasized that every business must have beliefs and
social values that they can reflect on. Leading the owners, leaders or managers to be more like
fathers to their employees or in other words consider them as family.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion

Based on the results of the survey gathered, the following conclusion about the socio-
economic contribution of micro-business in the financial status of the Micro-Business are drawn.

Having a micro-business can help them in lessening financial burden. This serves as their
primary source of income. Specifically, it supports their daily needs as well as paying the tuition
fees of their children and being able to survive and cope up with the increasing fees they are
tasked to pay.

The problems encountered by the micro-business owners in running their business is the
overlapping of taxes and inflation of commodities and expenses. These problems cause burden to
them since prices are increasing particularly in groceries, and this overlapping of taxes adds to
the pile of their bills.
 Micro-Business owners were able to come up with their coping strategies in overcoming
the challenges in relation to their businesses. One of these is saving because it helps them in
paying their taxes annually, also saving is the most strategy that the respondent stated because in
this way micro-business owners can expand their products. Moreover, taking care of the
customers is their priority because without them, their business would not function the way it
needs to be. Hence, they would be friendly to their customer and also by treating them as a
family in order for them to bond properly.

Recommendations

The following are recommendations based on the findings:

1. The local government must provide seminars on Micro-Business owners on handling

business, as well as on how would they managed their gain in the most practical way.

2. The barangay officials must allot financial aid for Micro-Businesses who struggles on
their businesses.

3. The Micro-Business owners must be aware to the fluctuations of prices of goods.

Recommend how they will be aware?

4. Micro-Business owners must learn and create another source of income, for them to
gain extra income in times of crisis of their business.

5. Future researchers must utilize this in conducting in-depth research regarding the
Contribution of Micro-business to the micro-business owners.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This research work is a product of hardship, with an amalgamation of knowledge and

effort, through the participation and support of significant persons. The researchers would like to
extend their sincerest gratitude for the help and support of the following:

To thank Almighty God for his enduring grace, guidance, and protection that he has
bestowed upon us during this research.

To our parents, who have continuously supported us throughout this study, a very special
thank you for parental presence and constant guidance to us.

To express their appreciation to Ma’am Beca May Pidlao-Palitayan, for her trust, advice,
support, patience, and guidance throughout the research and writing of the thesis until the
completion of the study.

To Mr. Ernesto B. Bucalan Jr., research panel, for giving his ideas for the improvement
of the study and for his understanding and encouragement.

To Mrs. Rowena B. Gagno, research panel for giving her ideas for improvement of the
study.

To Ms. Princess Joy B. Moyaen, research panel for giving thoughts, advice and ideas in
improving the study of the researchers.

Lastly, to the people who helped and contributed great ideas and advice, especially
classmates and close friends for without them, this study would not be possible.

The researchers would like to extend their deepest gratitude.

C. D. M

J. C. A. M

R. E. V

C. V. B. W

C. V. B. W
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/.245815360 Crime Places in Crime Theory
 Appendix A

Letter to the Barangay

 Appendix B

Letter to Respondent
 Appendix C

Letter to the Dean

 Appendix D

Letter to Licensing
 Appendix E

Interview Guide

I. PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS

 NAME(Optional):
__________________________________

II. The significance of Micro Business Contributing in Socio Economic of Padre

Zamora.

 How does the length or period of time that a micro-business has been established
affect its contribution to the socio-economic development in Barangay Padre
Zamora? (Paano nakakaapekto ang haba o yugto ng panahon na naitatag and isang
micro-business sa kontribusyon nito sa sosyo-ekonomikong pah unlad ng Barngay
Padre Zamora?)

 What is the importance of Micro-Business in the process of meeting the needs of the
community? (Ano and kahalagahan ng micro-business sa proseso ng pagtugon sa
pangangailangan ng komunidad?)
 How does your micro business contribute to poverty reduction and employment
opportunities in the barangay? (Paano nakakatulong ang iyong micro business sa
pagbabawas ng kahirapan at mga oppurtunidad sa trabaho sa barangay?)

 Is there an act of the government which implies acknowledgment of the importance

of micro-business? (Mayroon bang aksyon ng gobyerno na ngpapahiwatig ng
pagkilala sa kahalagahan ng micro-business?)

 Can you share any specific examples or success stories that highlight the impact of
your micro business on the socio-economy?(Maaari ka bang magbahagi ng anumang
particular na halimbawa o mga
kwento ng iyong tagumpay na nagpapakita ng epekto ng iyong micro business sa
socio economy?)

III. The problems encountered in securing business permits.

  Have you faced any issues with understanding or navigating the paperwork or
procedures involved in obtaining business permit? (May naranasan ka bang isyu sa
pag-unawa o paghahanap sa mga papeles o mga pamamaraan na kasangkot sa
pagkuha ng business permit?)

 Are there any costs or fees associated with obtaining a business permit that have been
burdensome for your business? (Mayroon bang anumang gastosin o bayarin na
nauugnay sa pagkuha ng business permit na nagging pabigat para sa iyong
negosyo?)

 Is the business permit issued caused burden for the reason that there is over lapping
of functions? (Nagdulot ba ng pabigat ang business permit na inisyu sa
kadalihanang may over lapping ng mga functions?)

 Have you encountered any delays or obstacles in receiving your business permit, and
if so, how did you address them? (Nakatagpo kaba ng anumang mga pagkaantala o
hadlang sa pagtanggap ng iyong business permit, at kung gayon, paano mo
natugunan ang mga ito?)

 Are there any specific requirements or regulations that have posed challenges for you
in obtaining a business permit? (Mayroon bang anumang particular na
kinakailangan o regulasyon na nagdulot ng mga hamon para sa iyo sa pagkuha ng
business permit?)

IV. The coping strategies of Micro Business in Barangay Padre Zamora in overcoming
the challenges.

 Have you explored any innovative solutions or alternative approaches to address the
challenges faced by your micro business? (Nakapag-explore kana ba ng anumang
mga makabagong solusyon o alternatibong diskarte upang matugunan ang mga
hamon na kinakaharap ng iyong micro business?)

 How do you prioritize and allocate resources to ensure the sustainability of your
micro business during challenging period? (Paano mo binibigyang priyoridad at
inilalaan ang mga mapagkukunan upang matiyak ang pagpapanatili ng iyong maliit
na negosyo sa panahon ng hamon?)

 Have you collaborated or formed partnerships with other micro businesses or

organizations in the barangay to collectively overcome challenges? If so, how has
this collaboration helped? (Nakipagtulungan ka na ba sa iba pang maliliit na
negosyo o organisasyon sa barangay upang sama-samang malampasan ang mga
hamon?kung gayon, paano nakatulong ang pakikipagtulungang ito?)
 What role does community support play in helping your micro business cope with
challenges? (Anong papel ang ginagampanan ng suporta ng komunidad sa
pagtulong sa iyong micro business na makayanan ang mga hamon?)

 How have you adjusted your business operations or strategies to navigate through
difficult times? (Paano mo inayos ang iyong mga pagpapatakbo o diskarte sa
negosyo upang mag-navigate sa mahihirap na panahon?)
 BIONOTE OF RESEARCHERS
Cigfried D. Macao, Filipino, single, 26 years old, born on October 15, 1997 at Tabuk
City, Kalinga, and currently residing at 50 Ferguson Road Baguio City. His parents are Agosto
A. Macao and Alice B. Macao. At present, he is studying Bachelor of Science in Criminology at
Baguio Central University, Magsaysay Campus, Baguio City. He finished his secondary level at
Tabuk City National High School on 2014 and at Bonifacio Elementary School on 2010 for his
primary studies.

Janssen Charles A. Mangideg, Filipino, single, 25 years old, born on September 11,
1998 at Baguio Medical Center, and currently residing at AU-50D Upper Ambiong, La Trinidad.
His parents are Randy L. Mangideg and Cristina A. Mangideg. At present, he is studying
Bachelor of Science in Criminology at Baguio Central University, Magsaysay Campus, Baguio
City. He finished his secondary level at Kamora National High School on 2014 and at Kabayan
Central School on 2010 for his primary studies.

Raymond E. Valenton, Filipino, single, 28 years old, born on June 11, 1995 at Baguio
General Hospital, and currently residing at AU-50D Upper Ambiong, La Trinidad. His parents
are Ricardo Valenton and Rosemarie Valenton. At present, he is studying Bachelor of Science in
Criminology at Baguio Central University, Magsaysay Campus, Baguio City. He finished his
secondary level at Guisad Valley National High School on 2011 and at Josefa Carino Elementary
School on 2006 for his primary studies.

Vena Chariz B. Witawit, Filipino, single, 20 years old, born on August 14, 2003 at San
Gabriel, La Union and currently residing at Lipay Proper, San Gabriel, La Union. Her parents are
Valeriano B. Witawit and Francisca B. Witawit. At present, she is studying Bachelor of Science
in Criminology at Baguio Central University, Magsaysay Campus, Baguio City. She finished her
secondary level at Balbalayang National High School on 2021 and at Lipay Integrated School on
2015 for her primary studies.

Val Chandler B. Witawit, Filipino, single, 22 years old, born on June 30, 2001 at San
Gabriel, La Union, and currently residing at Lipay Proper San Gabriel, La Union. His parents are
Valeriano B. Witawit and Francisca B. Witawit. At present, he is studying Bachelor of Science
in Criminology at Baguio Central University, Magsaysay Campus, Baguio City. He finished his
secondary level at San Gabriel National High School on 2019 and at Lipay Integrated School on
2014 for his primary studies.