Offshore South East Asia 82 Conference ARUN FIELD

9 ~ 12 February, Singapore
SESSION
:It jo4S3
Arun Field Development
Phase
by J.R Seipel, Mobil Oil Indonesia Inc.

F onowing discovery of the Arun Gas Field in 1971 and subsequent appraisal drilUng to obtain essential
reservoir data, a development project based on delivery of sufficient gas to supply a six train LNG
plant, with a coincident cycling operation, was planned. High wellstream temperatures. pressures, gas
throughput rates and corrosive CO 2 content. placed producing, safety, security and environmental con-
straints on the design of surface weUstream gathering and processing facilities and led to the selection
of the clU5ter development concept.
Producing capacity, dedicated to LNG plant demand, has resuJted in a two phase field development
program. Program I, consisted of two producing clusters each containing two producing trains and
five high rate gas weDs, a central control and power site (point "A"), a gas cycling system consisting
of three injection compressors, eight injection wells and injection lines, and a 16-inch condensate
transmission pipeline to the LNG plant. Production from the two clusters has supplied the three train
(first phase) LNG plant, completed in late 1978. and the Amn Field cycling project. Program II com-
mencing in 1981, win provide for an additional two producing clusters, each consisting of two
producing trains and six producing wells, as dictated by the LNG plant expansion program.
This paper win provide an overview of the Amn Field production mode design concepts. detail the
problems encountered in the surface producing facilities following start-up, i.e. corrosion, separator
carryover and recycling compressor limitations, and derme how these problems have been, or are
being, resolved. This will include a projection of anticipated equipment modifications and additions
which will be required to accommodate to changing reservoir conditions during the producing life of the
Arun Gas Field.

The Arun Field, discovered by Mobil Oil Indonesia Inc. in late 1971, vide a wellstream producing capacity of one and one-half billion
is located in the Bee block Contract Area in North Aceh Province at cubic feet per day. Of this total, 900 MMCFD would supply the
the northeast corner of the Island of Sumatra, Republic of Indo- requirements of the three-train P.T. Arun LNG plant. The 600
nesia. The discovery well Arun A-I, spudded in August 1971, M MCFD back-up wellstream capacity made feasible the installation
encountered a limestone reef containing gas and condensate. The of recycling facilities for additional condensate recovery from the
produced gas contained 15 percent carbon dioxide, 0.32 percent Arun reservoir.
nitrogen, a trace of hydrogen sulfide and condensate; with a liquid to
Alternate means of developing the surface facilities of the Arun Field
weilhead gas ratio of 55 BPMMCF. were studied and the 'cluster' concept was selected. Major factors in
The follow-up appraisal well, Arun A-2, drilled during the spring of the selection were:
1972, confirmed the results obtained from the discovery well. The I. The need to minimize the use of cultivated land.
field boundaries were defined by drilling eleven additional weils. The
north-south trending reef is approximately 18.5 kilometers long and 2 Centralization of process facilities and gas compressor plant
5.3 kilometers wide. would be realized.
Development planning for the Arun Field began in mid~1972 The 3. The flowline length from wellhead to a central gathering point
scope of work defining producing facilities required and a bid for the high pressure, corrosive produced wellstream was greatly
package were approved in mid-1974. Based on these a prime con- reduced.
tractor was selected for final design, engineering, procurement,
To meet the initial sales commitment, two producing clusters, a
project management and construction of the initial phase of
central location for field support facilities and power generation,
development. Markets were developed for sale of the LNG from three gas compressors, eight injection wells with connecting pipe-
Amn Field, with initial delivery scheduled for late-1978. An Indo-
lines, and gas and condensate transfer lines from the clusters to the
nesian company, P.T. Arun Natural Gas liquification Company, central location were constructed.
was formed to operate the LNG Plant; ownership being 55% by
Pertamina, 30% by Mobil Oil Indonesia, Inc. and 15% by Japan The cluster design provides for sixteen producing wells, wellstream
Indonesia LNG Company. cooling and separation and control and pipeline facilities in a rec-
LNG requires dedicated processing, transportation and receiving tangular plot 680 x 960 meters which is about 65 hectares. The
facilities an~ its supply is usually contracted for a specific delivery layout includes space for gas compressor and a produced water
schedule. A very high degree of reliability must therefore be designed disposal plant, as well as for additional process equipment necessary
into the entire system. for producing the field in the latter phase of operations. The wells,
located in two rows of eight locations each on 80 meter spacing, with
The initial P.T. Arun Plant development provided three trains, 160 meter spacing between rows, occupy about one~half of the
each designed to process 300 MMSCFD of gas feed stock with cluster area.
provision for later expansion of three additional trains of similar
capacity. Each Arun Field production separation unit was designed The gas process and compression equipment requires about one-
with sufficient capacity to supply one LNG plant process train. The sixth of the cluster area, Located in the southwest quarter of the
initial scope for the Arun Field Development program was to pro- cluster are two flare pits to allow venting of gas and condensate,
when necessary, from the process facilities. and from the producing Injection Sites Gas Injection Wells 1, 2 and 3
wells. Also located in the same area is a mud pit for surplus well Gas Injection Well Roads
drilling fluids and a large fire water reservoir. The entire cluster Three Gas Injection Lines
is surrounded by a security fence and a dike-embankment anti- Communication lines, Cluster II to
pollution ditch. each Gas Iniection Well Site
The overall design concept of the Arun Field provided for four
clusters designated 1. 11, III & IV from north to south, and the The first Ouster III producing well was spudded on 4 September
1976. Cluster III production started on J3 May 1977, and gas
Central Field Facility site, designated Point 'N.
injection started in July 1977 to GIW·I and GIW·6. Condensate
Phase I of the Arun Field Development consisted of two in- production to the pipeline started on 16 May, initial receipt at the
crements. the first to be on stream I May 1977, comprising: LNG plant on 21 May and the first condensate tanker completed
ioading on 17 October 1977. At year end 1977, Cluster III bad
Ouster III Five Producing Wells
Two Process Trains processed 38.624 BSCF of dry gas of which 14.763 BSCF was flared,
Two Injection Compressors 22.264 BSCF injected into the Arun reservoir, 1.209 BSCF con-
sumed as fuel and 0.388 BSCF for the pipeline to the LNG plant.
Point 'A' Three 8.9 MW Turbo Generators During this period, 2.171,566 BBLS of unstablized condensate was
Generator Control Building produced and 1, 749,562 BBLS of stabilized condensate was stored or
Vehicle Garage shipped by P.T. Arun. At years end, three Ouster III wells were
Mechanical, Electrical & Instrument on stream with a producibility of 570 M MSCFD, and three gas
Workshops injection wells with an injectivity capacity of 372 MMSCFD were
Warehouse tied in.
Utility and Fire Water Systems
Condensate Control, Metering and The completion date of the second increment of Phase I was
Readout Equipment advanced from I January 1979 to I July 1978 based on a three
rig drilling program. By late June 1978, six producing wells (three
Field Common Facilities - Cluster III to Point 'N in each cluster) were on stream with a producibility of 1,020
Gas Transfer Line MMSCFD. Six gas injection wells, with a total injectivity of 648
Condensate Transfer Line M MSCFD, and the three injection compressors were in operation.
Electrical Transmission Lines Point 'A' and the major Field Common Facilities were completed.
Communication Lines Unstablized condensate production averaged 24,546 BPD. Gas
Produced Water Disposal System deliveries to the plant averaged 27.4 MMSCFD and gas injection
Injection Sites Gas Injection Wells 4, 5, 6. 7 and 8 averaged 375.9 MMSCFD from 519.3 MMSCFD of wellstream
gas.
Gas Injection WeU Roads
Five Gas Injection Lines During mechanical commissioning and start-up of the Arun Field
Communication Lines. Cluster 1lI to facilities at Cluster III and Point 'A'. three significant problem
each Gas Injection Well Site. areas were encountered:
The second increment of Phase I, to be on-stream by I January 1. Hydraulic Well Control System
1979. consisted of:
2. Wellstream Cooler Leaks and Efficiency Losses
Cluster II Five Producing Wells
Two Process Trains 3. Third Stage Recycle Valve Vibration on the Gas Compressors
One Injection Compressor Other problems which were found to be significant were:
Point 'A' Administration Building I. Choke Cavity Erosion and O-ring Failures
Drilling Tools Shop
Air Strip. Fuel and Passenger 2. Separator Flare Line Vibration
Services 3. Flare Pit Wall and Ignitor Failures
Gas Control, Metering and Readout
Equipment 4. Compressor O-ring, Seal Oil Ring and Labyrinth Seal Failures

Field Common Facilities Cluster II to Point 'N 5. Compressor ('ontrol Instrumentation Inadequacies
Gas Transfer line 6. Data Acquisition System Faults
Condensate Transfer Line
Electrical Transmission lines 7. Pressure Reduction Valve Corrosion-Erosion
Communication lines 8. Turbo-compressor Drive Coupling Contamination
Injection Gas Transfer Line, Cluster
9. Turbo·generator Operation Reliability
II 10 Cluster III.
Produced Water Disposal System to. Turbo·generator Fuel Gas Reliability

Production Statistics For The Arun Field From 1977 Through 1980 Are As Follows:
PRODUCTION
Wellstream Gas BSCF
1977
45.192
L.
I
1978
229.184
1979
460.323
1980
486.528
I
I

Dry Gas BSCF 38.624 196.014 391.055 418.015

I
\
Gas Injection BSCF 22.264 I 124.8 168.352 124.531
Unstb. Condo MBBLS 2,171.6 11,112 25,900 26,969
Stb. Condo MBBLS 1,749.6 9,606 20,789 22,454
Gas Delivery to LNG Plant BSCF .388 53.647 212174 287.057
 11. Corrosion· Erosion in Aowline Components the compresso.r case labyrint.h seals and shaft oil seals on the high
12. Paraffin Deposits in Gas Separator Mist Extractor pressure machine were expenenced. It was determined that abrasive
13. liquId CarrYover from Gas Separator wea~ on the. la~yrinth seals and shaft sleeves was caused. by
forel~ .matenal 10 the supply gas. This problem was controlled
The problems and solutions are reviewed briefly : by utilizmg a ~ner mesh ~ompressor suction screen and by changing
Hydraulic:. WeD Control System t~e seal labynnth matenal to forged aluminium. Minor modifica-
tions that have overcome early major problems include retaining
The X'mas tree valves on the cluster production wells are operated by
screws in the shroud ring to prevent movement, the use of four
hydraulic fluid pressure. The original hydraulic fluid used was a
inner oil seal rings rather than two rings to reduce seal leakage,
synthetic lubricant for aviation and industrial jet engines, chosen for
a~d a complete redesign of the tilt pad seal assembly. The thrust
its high temperature stability. It was found, however, that this
~lSC mountmg ~as changed. The method of assembling the laby-
hydraulic fluid caused rapid "0" ring and seal material deterioration,
nnths was modified and rotor assembly is now done in a vertical
which resulted in leakage and line plugging. Changing the materials
posit~on to imp:ove concentricity and centerline integrity of the
of these "0" rings and seals helped, but the problems was not
labynnths a~d dlaphrams during assembly. In the last three years,
completely solved until the hydraulic fluid was replaced with an
the three high pressure (7100 Psia) injection compressors have
inhibited turbine oil.
operated at or near design conditions.
WeUstream Cooler Leaks and Efficiency Losses
During early operation of the Ouster II wellstream coolers it was Compressor Control Instrumentation Inadequacies
not possible to operate at design efficiency. It was discovered that Alarms and trips occurred due to water in the control room trench
oversize weep holes in the stiffener plates, the partition plates, and shorting out control wiring at defective splices, and due to outmoded
very fine cracks in tube end seals weDs were allowing 20% to temperature control and protection cards in the speedtronic control
35% of the wellstream to bypass. The condition was remedied by panels. All control wiring was replaced, elevated racks in the cable
calling on the manufacturer to weld close the weepholes and com· trench installed, and a drain sump constructed. The outmoded cards
pletely seal the partition plates in each of the wellstream coolers in in the speedtronic control panels were replaced with cards having the
Clusters II and III. latest revisions. Following control system recalibration, the systems
Third Stage Recycle Vibration have operated with a high degree of reliability.

On the first gas injection compressor installed. severe vibration Data Acquisition System
was experienced in the third stage recycle valve piping. The DAS continuously gathers information on well production and
The vibration was a result of a piping configuration incapable of facilities performance of the cluster in which the system is installed.
handling the velOCIty, pressure drops and turbulence of full recycle Considerable recalibration of end devices and debugging of the data
flow. The 3-inch third stage recycle valve was replaced with a 4-inch collection equipment was required following start-up. Venturi meter
valve and extensive downstream piping revisions made to correct the constants for inter-stage compression flow, critical information
vibration problem. reflecting compressor flow, critical information reHecting com·
pressor performance, were found to be erroneous. All compressor
Choke Cavity Erosion and "0" Ring Failures venturi tubes have now been replaced with orifice plates. The flow
The flowline chokes are multiple arifi·x val'res using a rotating disc transmitters for the inejction compressors require weekly recalibra·
to ~rovide adjus~ble flow settings and shut.aff. During the early tion because of gradual drift. All flow and pressure transmitters are
penod of operation the Buna N 0 rings deteriorated and now scheduled for replacement with improved devices.
faile~ under pressure, corrosion.erosion occurred in the inlet cavity Pressure Reduction Valve Corrosion - Erosion
and In the outlet spool of the flowline chokes. and the front disc
carners were subject to breakage due to high torque during choke The pressure reducing valve in each flowline is a high pressure. low
opera~ion. These problems were solved by changing the "0" ring
decibel, plug and seat ring design with an expanding labyrinth
matenal to teflon, changing the metallurgy of the choke body to 410 passage. The 316 stainless steel plug and seat ring have a stellite
stainless steeL and reducing the holes in the choke disc from 2- seating surface to provide a tight seating area resistant to erosion.
inches to 1Y2-inches to reduce the high torques during choke Corrosion-erosion of the J 16 stainless steel area immediatelv
operation. The outlet spool was changed to Inconel 600 overlaid upstream and downstream of the plug stellited area and immediately
internally with Stellite. downstream of the stellite on the seat ring was soon evident as the
valves passed significant volumes of gas in the closed position. Valves
Separator Flare line Vibration in service over six months were subject to body cavity erosion at a
During cluster start·up and de-bugging. high volumes of gas were rapid rate. The metallurgy was modified by the manufacturer to
delivered from the separators to the flare pits. At these high rates provide a body of 11/13 chromium with the internal contour spray
there was substantial separator flare line vibration. The problem coated with stellite. The plug and seat ring of 316 stainless steel were
was controlled by additional supports and bracing of the separator also spray coated with stellite over their entire surfaces.
flare line. Turbo - Compressor Drive Coupling Contamination
Flare Pit WaD and Ignitor Failures During rebuild of a Ouster III compressor in October 1977, the two
During high rate clean· up of the Cluster III wells, the wellstream lubricated gear·type drive couplings between the gear box of the two
was diverted directly into the flare pits, where the gas and liquids machines were inspected and considerable sludge build-up of a black
enter through spargers submerged one meter under water to reduce plastic nature was observed in the upstream and downstream ends of
surface temperatures. The heat generated during extended periods the couplings between the gear box. It was determined that the
of high rate flaring resulted it:l severe cracking of the concrete lining, coupling with the sludge build-up had not been connected to the
spalling of the rock retaining waus, and failure of the supports coupling lubricant filtration system, and that the coupling between
and ignitors which extend out above the water surface. the two compressors did not have anti-sludge holes for removal of
sludge build·up from the coupling. The· coupling, for all com·
Aare pit design modifications for Ouster II included poured in pressors, was modified to incorporate the anti·sludge design and all
place concrete walls with a concrete apron over the retaining walls. couplings were connected to fIltration systems.
A modified ignitor system has been designed and will be installed in
the Ouster II and III flare pits when new ignitors are received. Turbo - Generator Operation Reliability

Compressor "0" ring, Seal Oil Ring and Labyrinth Seal Failures During the first year of turbine·generator operation the power plant,
designed for very high reliability, operated far below the required
On start up of the fIrSt compressor installation, serious leaks in standard. During this period, two generators were on line sharing a
load varying from 2 MW initially to about 5 MW (each generator is steel replacement inlet manifolds meter runs and the entire nowline
site rated at 8.95 MW). A third unit operated on standby. Forty from the tee block of the well to the meter run.
turbine failures (trips) were experienced the first year. The cause of Paraft"m Deposits in Gas Separator Mist Extractors
trips were: Erratic Speed Control, IS trips; Human Error, 9 trips;
False Vibration Indication, 7 trips; False Fire Alarm, 4 trips; Other, After one year of service, a Cluster III separator was inspected. The
5 trips. The speed control was remedied by replacing defective first phase gas section walls and vane type mist extractors were found
printed circuit control cards. The false fire alarms were corrected by a coated to a depth of about 1/16 inch with a yellow paraffin
re-design of the fire detection system. substance. The second phase condensate section walls were free of
the paraffin build·up but the coalescer pads were coated from the
Turbo - Generator Fuel Gas Reliability bottom to the midpoint. The third phase water section had no
The power plant fuel gas system as originally installed required evidence of the paraffin. A dewaxing procedure proved most
several modifications to ensure fuel supply during power failures, successful for removal of the paraffin deposits. The procedure
and capability to handle any liquid carryovers in the supply system. consists of a gradual increase in temperature of the wellstream bv
Two of the three turbines are dual fuel units while the third unit is gas control at the wellstream coolers. until a separator temperature df
fuel only. The fuel gas supply is obtained from the main gas supply to 190 to 200 Q F is reached and then maintained for a three-hour
the LNG plant at Point 'A'. The fuel gas electrical controls were period. followed by a gradual temperature reduction to the 72 to
changed from Vae to Vdc supply. 800 F operating temperature.
This procedure. performed on a monthly basis. has been successful in
A diesel driven air compressor was installed to provide emergency
preventing the paraffin buildup.
instrument air. Condensate carryover was greatly reduced by raising
the fuel gas temperature. insulating the fuel lines. relocating the Separator :vlodifications
temperature controller from the K.O. drum to the fuel gas skid and
The throughput rates.exceeding 320 MMCFD of gas. it was found
by the installation of a filter separator. No fuel gas supply failures
that the separators carried over liquid. This introduced the potential
from carryover have occurred since completion of the modifications.
for liquid build-up in the 42 inch gas pipeline. and for possible
Corrosion - Erosion of Flowline Components pipeline corrosion. or subsequent liquid slugging. which could create
process upsets at the L~G Plant.
Corrosion...erosion of the gas production well flowline components
has been a serious problem in the Arun Field since mid-1978. In The primary cause of the separator carryover was determined to be
addition to corrosion of the nowline choke and the pressure reducing capacity limitations of the mist extractors which are situated at either
valve as discussed previously, the flowline meter runs and inlet end of the gas sections of the separators.
manifolds. both located adjacent to the wellstream coolers. and the
The separators were moditied with re-designed mist extractors of
nowline itself have also b~en subject to corrosion-erosion. All of
greater capacity. extensions of the down-comers and changes in the
these components were carbon steel material. selected on the
internal baffles. Following modifications. the separators were each
assumption that under the temperature and pressure operating
tested to a 400 M MCFD of wellstream throughput rate without
conditions. the H ,S and CO~ gas components in the wellstream
evidence of carryover.
would interact with the carbon steel to form a protective corrosion
resistant barrier of iron siderite. The initial remedial action taken was In summary, it may be said that the Arun Field Development
to overlay the corrosion...erosion areas in t!':: :te:::! Wi(1 308 or 316 required a considerable amount of prototype equipment to meet a
stainless steel. This work was started in mid-I978. combination of unusual temperature-pressure-volume and corrosive
wellstream conditions. Some of the problems which became
The corrosion-erosion continued to migrate beyond the overlay and
apparent such as corrosion were major. however. the facilities as
a continual overlay operation was set up in late-1978 to overlay the
designed have performed with a high level of dependability to meet
entire meter run. the flow crosses, the inlet header, the check and
demand requirements of the L:"IG Plant.
block valves, and so much of the 6" ligaments as possible on the inlet
manifold. In 1980 the decision was made to fabricate 410 stainless
 o 50 100KM
r~·"r~J;..::nu::;'9
o 50 100 MI

~----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------~
Figure 1 Map of Northern Sumatra
 ,-------------------~~- ... --.~ .•..--.-..---.. ----------
PROPERTY LINE
.. .. _. .--- -- .. ._- .-
-.
.. /'
~-~

.. .:/11
,.----
- SECUn1TY OLDG.
0 ANTI POLLUTION
_ GAS, CO/IOBISATE ,mJECTION GAS OITC.I
TflA1lfE A PIP E LIliES 2
I 2 3 4 7
LOCAL

1
I
/}- -\( -\r "'l)-
CENTRAL
4
WIlt
COf/fROl HYDRAULIC UNIT
PIHIEL II 0
,_ ..... I'} fLOVl LINE OYPICAL ~~~
I
I MAtH/AL \ PRESSUV
CHOICE -- CONTROL
VALVE

-It .1,>- -<!r -({- 4 4 0-

9 10 11 12 13 '4 15
WELL KILL CENTRAL
8L oG. ~ CONT ROL / - WELL STREAM HEADER w
ttl
zl
I~
._ '" ROOM'7
MUD TANKS 1"'1 ~ D·..... mm ~ WELL STREAM COOLERS
-'I 00 W UTILITY c:::::J c:::l'" GAS/GAS EXCHAtlGERS 1>-
>- BL~G. t-
t-
SUB -
o SUB- O~ 0....... CLUSTER SEPARATORS o::
o~
n:: S Tg'0N STATION FIRE PUt.1P til
cmlD. PUMPS a.
til
n.. n:=H FLARE PITS
o
a::
o nH E RSTAGE COOL ERS
u: PIIOOUCEO \'I~TER a a..
n.. COIIOEIISArE RECOVERY
S"iST E J.IS -.-~"
ffi~~ ~~ "0' "[f
'-'-C, ~il "G
COMPRESSOR tlD.1
oGcoMPnESSOR
~'O.2
GAS INJECllON
~ t,IAtHFOl.D HDR

pnOPEnTY LitlE

_( I). WE L L tOGA TlOU

a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
I J\II[) 1111/,IOER

----.-.--"--.~-.- .. -~,-------

Figure 2 Ouc;ter Plot Plan

 --..
~-:;--.-- ··----r---- -
.' I '\
, r~'-....,

\8·\ ~; \.
STF?AIT OF MALACCA M~~oN>~
'0 \ r"7 ~ 0

t·..,... ·-·.r5..·· ...t<m

·J:,· . ··..I..~-~4

-.~--- ........ - -~ .. ~~----- -----------------_._-------_._- , - - - - - - -

- ...... - - - - - - - - - -

Figure 3 Arun Held Location of FaciUties

 TO FLARE PC hf PUill r 'A'

r-----(}- TO IllJEeTION
I COMPHESSOR
I PI M" I

_..J.._--"""i.;~---""'''''T--'--i.- GAS TO POIlIT 'II

1100 PI''SIG
Itl2-r

r---,
I~
I '''0 PSI;

SEPARATOR
~l SECT'O~l

I
SECTION , Ie"
......... ,

FROI.I TR~III " FROM TRAIIl 2

O ·~ 'f "00
..-/~, P,.o
U "JI>- COllOEtlSATE
TO POlflT II
\.oriDr.tI:;;~rr.
TO PROOUCED r'IJIJP
WATER DISPOSAL -o;;j FROM
SYSTEt.1 TRAIN Z.

1 -_ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

Figure 4 Train Flow Diagram

a,NTROLflO POWER
BLDG Uo PI..ANT o-OIESEI.. FUEL
CJ cf TANI{S

ELECT./INSTR. /MECHANICAL SHOP

SHOP /""

VEHICLE--r----"1
o
o 00
'\ }I WAREHOUSE
'(/El.DH~G
SHOP
GARAGE '-----J CJ O
.....,.9. 0
~t~~~ DRILLING TOOLS a. EQUlrt.1E\l T
TRAINING CENTER STORAGE BLDG

oc::::Jc:]
I"""'-'i ADMINISTRATION

~COMPLE~LA"E STACK
FIRE SAFETY'''''
I I I II
[ ] CLINIC BLDG
I I

MANIFOI.OIf·id f.1F.TE!lIIiG
SECURITY BLDG. !) SCn~r...E~ Tnl\!" MEA
a

GAS a COHOENSATE PIPElirlES

TO THE LNG PLA/I r

Figure 5 Point 'A' Plot Plan