IMAGES IN MULTIMEDIA
BCA FINAL YEAR
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What is an image?
An image is a visual representation of
something, while a digital image is a binary
representation of visual data.
These images can take the form of
photographs, graphics and individual video
frames.
For this purpose, an image is a picture that was
created or copied and stored in electronic form.
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BITMAP VS PIXMAP
The term "pixmap" is short for "pixel map”.
A pixmap stores and displays a graphical
image as a rectangular array of pixel color
values.
A pixmap that uses only a single bit to denote
the color of each pixel is often referred to as a
bitmap.
Bitmap is also sometimes used to refer to any
pixmap.
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What is Raster Graphics?
In the world of digital photography and computer
graphics, a raster is a technique that defines a
two-dimensional picture as a grid of square
pixels or a rectangular matrix that we are able
to view through computer display, paper, and
many other mediums.
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What is Vector Graphics?
In the world of computer graphics, a vector is
the collection of techniques for constructing
visual images straight from geometric shapes
illustrated on a Cartesian plane, such as lines,
curves, points, and polygons.
These are basically known as computer images
constructed utilizing a series of commands or
mathematical statements that put lines and
shapes in a two-dimensional or three-
dimensional area or space.
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Difference between Raster and Vector
Graphics
[Link]. Raster Vector
1. Raster images are constructed Vector images are constructed through
through pixels. lines, curves, and fills.
2. Raster prefers graphic formats Vector uses graphic formats like EPS,
like GIF, JPEG,PNG and PCX, WMF, TrueType, PICT etc.
etc.
3. Raster are not that scalable. Vectors are scalable to any size.
5. They work best when it comes to They work best when it comes to
editing photos. drawings, illustrations, and logos.
6. We can use rasters in GIMP, We can use vectors in CorelDraw,
Photoshop, and paint shops. Illustrator and Inkscape.
7. It is complex and time consuming We can easily convert a vector image
to transform a raster file to a into a raster image.
vector photograph.
8. When the spot colours are limited, It is easy to print vector images as the
it becomes challenging to print number of colours can be modified
raster images anytime during printing.
9. We can easily convert a raster file We cannot change the vector files.
into any file format.
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What is image resolution?
Image resolution is typically described in PPI,
which refers to how many pixels are displayed
per inch of an image.
Higher resolutions mean that there more pixels
per inch (PPI), resulting in more pixel information
and creating a high-quality, crisp image.
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Bit depth
Bit depth refers to the color information stored
in an image.
The higher the bit depth of an image, the more
colors it can store.
The simplest image, a 1 bit image, can only show
two colors, black and white.
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GRAPHICS APPLICATIONS
Web Designing
Education
Business
Entertainment
At Home
Medical and Engineering
Research
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Attributes of Image
Size
Color
Depth
Image resolution
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IMAGE FILE FORMAT
GIF : Graphics Interchange Format
PCX : PC paint brush file format
BMP : Bitmap file
TIFF :Tagged Image File Format
JPEG : Joint Photographic Experts Group
PSD : Photoshop Document
PDF : Portable Document Format
EPS : Encapsulated PostScript
PNG : Portable Network Graphics
DIB : Device Independent Bitmap
CIF : Common Intermediate Format or Common
Interchange Format
TGA :Truevision Graphic Adapter
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GIF format
allows for 256 colors
very powerful form, suitable for various types of images.
uses LZW (Lampel Zev Welch) compression algorithm
two GIF standards are available GIF87a and GIF89B.
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Advantages
Very powerful format
It allows interlacing and animation.
Uses a non-lossy compression technique.
Suitable for on-line transmission and interchange of
graphics data.
GIF file format is independent on computer
hardware and operating system.
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Disadvantage
Decompression is slower than RLE.
It uses only palette colors and has no provision for 24-bit
RGB color files.
It has no provision for 4 or 8 bit gray scale and no grayscale
or color correction data.
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PCX format
widely used for storage of images
supports 256 colors
current version of PCX format has the ability to store 24 bit
color images
used on scanners, fax and softwares like Photoshop and
PageMaker
supports index and RGB color model
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BMP format
contains an exact pixel by pixel mapping of an image
can’t be compressed
Microsoft Windows bitmap files
It is a raster graphic file format for storing digital images.
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Advantages
supports various color depths, alpha channels, color profiles,
and optional data compression, thus making it relatively
versatile
used for storing crisp and high-quality images because it can
store color data for each pixel in the image without any
compression.
An array of software or applications support this format
ranging from standard image viewer and web browsers to
editing software such as Adobe Photoshop
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Disadvantages
everything that can be done with BMP can also be done
with TIFF. The TIFF is more flexible and has advantages over
other formats such as JPEG standard and PNG format.
not suitable for prepress production because it is limited to
RGB.
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TIFF: Tagged Image File Format
format supports both RGB and CMYK color models and
has a high color depth of up to 32 bits per color component
ideal for printing high quality images.
Image information is either not compressed at all or
compressed without any loss of data
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Advantages Disadvantages
Lossless compression Not compatible with many browsers
High image quality Requires more storage space
Ideal for photograph printouts
Transparencies and layers
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PSD: Photoshop Document
format of the leading image editing program Adobe
Photoshop and a format frequently used by graphic
designers.
With the PSD format, each image consists of several layers
that can be easily edited.
these files are raster graphics, but they can also contain
vector graphics.
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Advantages Disadvantages
Extensive editing of image layers Photoshop is a prerequisite
Creation of videos and animations Large storage capacity due to
possible layers
Raster and vector graphics
Conversion to other formats possible
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PDF: Portable Document Format
developed by Adobe
this picture format particularly shows its strength for vector
graphics, but also maps pixel graphics
Advantages Disadvantages
High compatibility, independent of Editing only possible with payed
platform version
No chargeable software necessary Text is recognized as images
The standard for print files Often high storage space required
Additional features
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EPS: Encapsulated PostScript
Adobe published the EPS format in the PostScript
programming language
first format that made it possible to display documents
exactly as they appear in print.
Advantages Disadvantages
High quality images suited for print Replaced by PDF files
Compatible with almost every design Limited to one page
software
Doesn’t distinguish between vector and
bitmap
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PNG: Portable Network Graphics
developed as an advanced alternative to GIFs
typical image format for the web that is characterized
by lossless compression.
they require more memory space.
Advantages Disadvantages
Lossless compressions Not suitable for print
Supports (semi)-transparency and the alpha Requires more memory
channel space
Full color spectrum Not universally supported
Animations are not possible
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DIB (Device Independent Bitmap)
raster image file that is similar in structure to the standard
Bitmap files (BMP/image/bmp/))
contains a color table that describes the mapping of RGB
colors to the pixel values
It can be opened with almost all applications that can open a
standard BMP file on Windows as well as macOS.
DIB are binary files and have a complex file format similar to
BMP
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color and dimension information
The color format of the device on which the rectangular
image was created.
The resolution of the device on which the rectangular image
was created.
The palette for the device on which the image was created.
An array of bits that maps red, green, blue (RGB) triplets to
pixels in the rectangular image.
A data-compression identifier that indicates the data
compression scheme (if any) used to reduce the size of the
array of bits.
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CIF- Common Intermediate Format
standardized format for the picture resolution, frame
rate, color space, and color subsampling of digital
video sequences used in video teleconferencing systems.
defines a video sequence with a resolution of 352 × 288
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TGA
raster graphic format
was created by Truevision Inc. It was designed for the
TARGA (Truevision Advanced Raster Graphics Adapter)
boards and provided Highcolor/truecolor display support
for IBM-compatible PCs.
supports 8, 16, 24 and 32 bits per pixel and 8-bit alpha
channel
supports lossless RLE compression that can be applied to
reduce the image size
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