Chapter 1: Advanced Formulas and Functions in Excel
1. ARRY Formulas
What is an Array Formula?
An array formula allows you to perform multiple calculations in one
formula. An array is a group of values, and with array formulas, you can
perform operations on each value in the array at once.
Example: =SUM(A1:A5 * B1:B5)
This multiplies each corresponding pair of values in A1:A5 and B1:B5,
and then adds the results.
2. IF Function
The IF function allows you to perform a test and return one value if
true, and another value if false.
Syntax: =IF(condition, value_if_true, value_if_false)
Example: =IF(A1 > 10, “Yes”, “No”)
If the value in A1 is greater than 10, it returns "Yes". Otherwise, it
returns "No".
Nested IF: =IF(A1 > 10, “High”, IF(A1 > 5, “Medium”, “Low”))
3. VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP
VLOOKUP (Vertical Lookup):
Used to search for a value in the first column of a range and return a value
in the same row from another column.
Syntax: =VlOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num,
[range_lookup])
Example: A B
1 Product Price
2 Apple 50
3 Banana 30
4 Orange 40
Use: =VLOOKUP(“Apple”, A2:B4, 2, FALSE)
This will look for "Apple" in the first column of the range A2:B4 and return
the corresponding value from the second column.
HLOOKUP (Horizontal Lookup):
The HLOOKUP function works the same way as VLOOKUP, but it
searches for data in rows instead of columns.
4. INDEX-MATCH
INDEX and MATCH together are a more flexible alternative to VLOOKUP.
While VLOOKUP only works when the lookup column is on the left of the
return column, INDEX-MATCH can look up values anywhere in the table.
Syntax: =INDEX(return_range, MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_range, 0))
Example: A B
1 Product Price
2 Apple 50
3 Banana 30
4 Orange 40
Use: =INDEX(B2:B4, MATCH(“Apple”, A2:A4, 0))
This will look for "Apple" in A2:A4 and return the corresponding value
from B1:B10.
5. SUMIF
SUMIF:
The SUMIF function adds up values based on a single condition.
Syntax: =SUMIF(range, criteria)
Example: A B
1 Product Quantity
2 Apple 10
3 Banana 5
4 Orange 12
5 Mango 20
Use: =SUMIF(A1:A5, “>10”)
This will sum the values in B1:B5 where the corresponding values
in A1:A5 are greater than 10.
6. COUNTIF
COUNIF:
The COUNTIF function counts the number of cells that meet a
specific condition.
Syntax: =COUNTIF(range, criteria)
Example: A B
1 Name Sales
2 John 200
3 Alice 500
4 Bob 100
5 Charlie 400
Use: =COUNTIF(B2:B5, “>300”)
This will count the number of cells in B2:B5 that are greater
than 300.
7. LEFT, RIGHT, MID, and LEN
• LEFT: Extracts the leftmost characters from a text string.
• RIGHT: Extracts the rightmost characters from a text string.
• MID: Extracts characters from the middle of a text string.
• LEN: Returns the length of a test string.
Example: =LEFT(“Hello World”, 3)
This returns Hel.
8. CONCATENATE
• CONCATENATE: Joins multiple text strings into one.
Example: =CONCATENATE(“Hello”, “ ”, “World”)
9. AND, OR, NOT
These functions allow you to perform logical test.
• AND: Check both conditions, if both conditions true it’s
return TRUE else return FALSE.
• OR: Check both conditions, if any condition true it’s return
TRUE else return FALSE.
• NOT: If condition not true then it’s return TRUE else FALSE.
Example:
A B C
1 Name Sales Experience
2 John 600 4
3 Alice 400 5
Use 1|AND : =AND(B2>500,C2>3)
This will return TRUE for John and FALSE for Alice.
Use 2|OR : =OR(B2>500,C2>3)
This will return TRUE for John and also TRUE for Alice.
Use 3|NOT : =AND(B2>500,C2>3)
This will return FALSE for John and TRUE for Alice.
