8.
1
8.1 BASIC PROPERTIES OF ANGLES
Below the common oncs you will con
There are certan terminologices and basic rules about angles. are
Icross:
Types of Angles Descriptions Drawings
Right angles Angles that are equal to 90"
Acute angles Angles less than 90°
Obtuse angles Angles between 90° and 180°
Reflex angles Angles more than 180°
Complementary angles Two or more angles that add up to 90°
(comp.2s)
Two or more angles that add up to 180°
Supplementaryangles
(adj. 2s on a str. line)
Vertically opposite angles Two angles that are opposite each other when
(vert.opp. Ls) two straight lines cross
Angles at a point Angles at a point that add up to 360°
(Ls at a point)
Types of Angles Descriptions Drawings
CorrespondinganglesWhen two parallel lines are crossed by
(corr. 2s, / lines) another line, the angles in matching corners
are called the
corresponding angles.
Corresponding angles share the same
value.
Alternate angles When two parallel lines are crossed by
(alt. s , I/ lines) another line, the angles on opposite sides
of the crossed-line are alternate angles.
Alternate angles share the same value.
Interior angles When two parallel lines are crossed by
(int. 2s, /I lines) another line, the pair of angles that faces
each other on the same side of the crossed-
line is known as the interior angles.
Interior angles add up to 180°.
8.3 POLYGONS
Polygons are two-dimensional shapes with multiple vertices. Some common polygons include triangles
which are three-sided polygons and quadrilaterals which are four-sided polygons. There are special
names for polygons with five sides and more and they are listed in the table.
3-sided Polygons
Isosceles triangle Equilateral triangle
Isosceles triangles are triangles that have two Equilateral triangles are triangles that have three
equal sides. The two base angles are the same. equal sides and angles.
(base Zs of isos. ) Each angle is equal to 60°.
3-sided Polygons
Right-angled triangles Sum of all interior
angles of
a triangle = 180°
( sum of A)
An exterior angle of a
triangle = Sum of the interior
angles
Right-angled triangles are
triangles with one of (ext. of A)
its angles equal to 90°.
4-sided Polygons
Square Rectangle
Squares have all four sides with the same length. | Rectangles have all four angles
Each angle is equal to 90°. equal to 90°. They
have two pairs of sides with the same length.
Rhombus Parallelogram
(a) It has 2 pairs of parallel lines. (a) It has 2 pairs of parallel lines.
(b) Opposite angles are equal. (6) Opposite angles are equal.
La = Lc; Zb= Ld La= Lc; Lb= Ld
(c) La+ Lb= 180°; Lc+ Ld= 180° (c) La+ Lb= 180°; Lc+ Ld= 180
(d) All four sides have the same length. (d) Opposite sides have the same length.
(e) Allangles are not equal to 90°. (e) All angles are not equal to 90°.
) The diagonals meet at 90° to each other.
4-sided POyBO
Kite
Trapczium
at 90° to cach other
(a) The diagonals meet
(a) lt has I pair of parallel lines.
(b) La= Lb
(b) L+ 2b = 180°
Le+ Ld= 180°
Sum of all interior angles of a 4-sided polygon or quadrilateral = 360
(2 sum
of quad.)
vertices.
where two lines meet to form an angle. A polygon has muliple
vertex is the point
polyHONS (regular or non-regular):
For allypes oL I80°
interior angles a polygon (n-2)
x
Sum of of =
Sum of exterior angles of a polygon= 1600
For regulir polygons only:
( 2) x 180°
One interior angle of a polygon
360°
One exterior angle of a polygon =
Interior angle + exterior angle = 180
Interior angle
(adj. Zs on a str. line)
Exterior angle
8.4 ANGLE PROPERTIES OF CIRCLES
Properties Diagramns
The angle at the centre of a circle C
isequal to twice the angle at the
Circumterence.
( at centre = twiceL at O)
2x 2x
B
2x
2
B
B
A
C
Properties Diagrans
The angle in a semicircle is a
right
angle.
(Z in a
semicircle)
AB is the diameter of the circles.
Angles in the sanme segment of a
D
cirele are cqual (commmonly known
D
asthe 'Butterfly Angle').
(2s in the same segment)
B
A
Angles in a cyclic quadrilateral C
D
D
(opposite segments of a circle) are
supplementary. bB
La + 2b = 180°
A
(2s in oPp. segments)
90°. tangent
Radius to tangent is equal to
(radiusL tangent)
radius
radius tangent
