SECTION A

MCQs (20x1=20)
2 (C) II &III
3 (B)The difference of amount of interest between what is charged
from the borrower and what is paid to the depositors.
4 (C) II,IV,I &IV
5 (C) DURG-BASTAR-CHANDRAPUR BELT

8 (C) Only II &III are correct

11 (D) Access to New Markets

14 (A) NSSO—National Sample Survey Organisation
18 A. I &II
SECTION B
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTION (4x2=8)
21 ‘Resource Planning has importance in a country like India’ Explain
with examples.

• It has importance in a country like India, which has enormous

diversity in the availability of resources.
• There are regions which are rich in certain types of resources
but are deficient in some other resources. There are some
regions which can be considered self sufficient in terms of the
availability of resources and there are some regions which
have acute shortage of some vital resources.
• For example, the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and
Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits.
• Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources but
lacks in infrastructural development.
• The state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and
wind energy but lacks in water resources.
• The cold desert of Ladakh is relatively isolated from the rest
of the country. It has very rich cultural heritage but it is
deficient in water, infrastructure and some vital minerals
SECTION C
SHORT ANSWER-BASED QUESTIONS (5x3=15)
26 Describe the employment conditions prevailing in the unorganised 3
sector of the economy
1.There is no fixed number of working hours. The workers normally
work 10 – 12 hours without paid overtime.
 2. They do not get other allowances apart fro the daily wages.
3. Government rules and regulations to protect the labourers are not
followed there.
4. There is no job security.
5. Jobs are low paid the workers in this sector are generally
illiterate, ignorant and unorganized. So they are not in a position to
bargain or secure good wages.
OR
Mr. “R” was a worker in an urban area, who was working in a small
factory, was not paid wages properly and the factory did not follow
the factory rules and regulations stated by the government. Recently
he lost his job and was found selling electrical items in a pushcart.
Analyse the role of the government in protecting the workers like
“R”
• The following are the ways in which the workers in the
unorganized sector can be protected:
Minimum working hours and wages should be fixed by the
government.
• To help self-employed people, the government can provide
loans.
• Basic services such as education, health, and food should be
taken care of by the government
• Enforce labour laws
• Ensure minimum wages act been followed by the factory
• Stipulate the working hours, assuring job security and
employees benefits such as over time allowance, bonus,
increment, health insurance been provided to the workers.
• In short workers welfare been taken care as per the act of
1956

27 Why is there a need to conserve minerals?(2pts.) Suggest four ways ½x

to conserve them. 6
• There is a strong dependence of industry and agriculture upon
mineral deposits and the substances manufactured from them.
• The total volume of workable mineral deposits is an
insignificant fraction i.e. one per cent of the earth’s crust.
• We are rapidly consuming mineral resources that required
millions of years to be created and concentrated. The
geological processes of mineral formation are so slow that the
rates of replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to
the present rates of consumption. Mineral resources are,
therefore, finite and non-renewable.
 • Rich mineral deposits are our country’s extremely valuable
but short-lived possessions. Continued extraction of ores
leads to increasing costs as mineral extraction comes from
greater depths along with decrease in quality.
Suggestion
• A concerted effort has to be made in order to use our mineral
resources in a planned and sustainable manner.
• Improved technologies need to be constantly evolved to
allow use of low grade ores at low costs.
• Recycling of metals,
• using scrap metals and other substitutes are steps in
conserving our mineral resources for the future.
OR
Intensive Subsistence Farming
• It is labour intensive farming,
• high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used
for obtaining higher production.
• land-holding size are uneconomical,
• the farmers continue to take maximum output from the
limited land in the absence of alternative source of livelihood
29 “The problem of underemployment is not confined only to 3
agriculture”. Support the statement with examples.

• There are thousands of casual workers in the service sector in

urban areas who search for daily employment. They are
employed as painters, plumbers, repair persons and others
doing odd jobs. Many of them don’t find work everyday.
• Similarly, we see other people of the service sector on the
street pushing a cart or selling something where they may
spend the whole day but earn very little. They are doing this
work because they do not have better opportunities
• The unorganised sector includes small and scattered units
outside the government control. Employment is not secure.
People can be asked to leave without any reason. When there
is less work, such as during some seasons, some people may
be asked to leave.

OR

Explain the objectives of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural

Employment Guarantee Act 2005.
 Every state or region in India has potential for increasing the
income and employment in that area.
Recognising this, the Central Government in India has passed an act
called the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005,
Main objectives of the NREGA 2005 are:
• to implement the Right to Work in 200 districts of India.
• to guarantee 100 days of employment in a year by the
Government. In case the Government fails, it offers
unemployment allowance.
• to give preference to the type of work that will help increase
the production from land.

SECTION D
LONG ANSWER-BASED QUESTIONS (4X5=20)
30 Suggest steps to minimize the environmental degradation caused by 5
the industrial development in India
Reducing water pollution
• minimising use water for processing by reusing and recycling
it in two or more successive stages
• (ii) harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements
• (iii) treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in
rivers and ponds. Treatment of industrial effluents can be
done in three phases
(a) Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves
screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
(b) Secondary treatment by biological process
(c) Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical
processes. This involves recycling of wastewater.
• Overdrawing of ground water reserves by industry where
there is a threat to ground water resources also needs to be
regulated legally.
Reducing air pollution

• Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke

stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric
filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
• Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in
factories.
Reducing noise pollution

• Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should

be fitted with silencers.
 • Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy
efficiency and reduce noise.
• Noise absorbing material may be used apart from personal
use of earplugs and earphones
OR
What is the contribution of manufacturing industries to the National
Economy?

• Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising

agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy,
• They also reduce the heavy dependence of people on
agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary
and tertiary sectors.
• Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of
unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the
main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint
sector ventures in India.
• It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by
establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
• Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce,
and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
• Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide
variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous.
India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its
manufacturing industries as quickly as possible
33 Explain the significance of The Reserve Bank of India in the Indian I
economy.

i. It supervises the functioning of formal sources of loans.

ii. The banks maintain a minimum cash balance out of the deposits
they receive. The RBI monitors that the banks actually maintain the
cash balance.
iii. The RBI sees that the banks give loans not just to profit-making
businesses and traders but also to small cultivators, small scale
industries, to small borrowers etc.
iv. Periodically, banks have to submit information to the RBI on
how much they are lending, to whom, at what interest rate, etc.

v.The Reserve Bank of India issues currency notes on behalf of the

central government. As per Indian law, no other individual or
organisation is allowed to issue currency
OR
Explain the factors which have enabled globalisation in India.

1. Improvement in Transportation Technology.

The dramatic improvement in transportation technology has played
a vital role in globalisation, due to faster delivery of goods across
long distances at lower costs and in the movement of people from
one country to another in a short time.The introduction of container
services has encouraged trade between various countries.

2. Rapid improvement of Information and Communication

Technology.

Information and communication technology has also played a major

role in globalisation. Many MNCs are service based companies
therefore the transfer of information is very vital to them.
Computers, internet facilities, telegraph, telephones mobile phones,
and fax are used to contact one another around the world, to access
information instantly, and to communicate from remote areas.

3. Liberalisation of foreign Trade:

Liberalisation of foreign trade and investment policy has speeded up
the globalization process Government-imposed trade restrictions are
known as trade barriers. Liberalisation is the process of removing
government-imposed trade obstacles or limitations. With the
opening of foreign trade, goods travel from one country to another
thus enabling globalisation. Producers in the two countries now
closely compete against each other even though they are separated
by thousands of miles

4..Liberalisation of Foreign investment.

Barriers on foreign investment were also removed to a large extent

in 1991 thus allowing foreign companies to set up factories and
offices in the country. With liberalisation of trade, businesses are
allowed to make decisions freely about what they wish to import or
export.
 5. Interaction and interlinking of production between MNCs and
local producers.
Foreign investment was made by MNCs which interlinked
production in widely dispersed locations in the country .
By setting up partnerships with local companies, by using the local
companies for supplies, by closely competing with the local
companies or buying them up, MNCs are exerting a strong
influence on production at these distant locations thus enabling
globalisation.

SECTION E
CASE-BASED QUESTIONS (3X4=12)
35 .
(35.1) Why are dams referred to as Multipurpose projects? 1
(Give 2 pts.)
Today, dams are built not just for irrigation but for electricity
generation, water supply for domestic and industrial uses, flood 1
control, recreation, inland navigation and fish breeding.
2
(35.2) Why are dams proclaimed as ‘Temples of Modern India’?

The reason being that it would integrate development of agriculture

and the village economy with rapid industrialisation and growth of
the urban economy.

(35.3) Why are large dams under great scrutiny in recent years?
• Regulating and damming of rivers affect their natural flow
causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at
the bottom of the reservoir, resulting in rockier stream beds
and poorer habitats for the rivers’ aquatic life.
• Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult for aquatic
fauna to migrate, especially for spawning.
• The reservoirs that are created on the floodplains also
submerge the existing vegetation and soil leading to its
decomposition over a period of time.
• Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of many
regions with farmers shifting to water intensive and
commercial crops
• Ironically, the dams that were constructed to control floods
have triggered floods due to sedimentation in the reservoir.
 • Sedimentation also meant that the flood plains were deprived
of silt, a natural fertiliser, further adding on to the problem of
land degradation.
• It was also observed that the multipurpose projects induced
earthquakes, caused water-borne diseases and pests and
pollution resulting from excessive use of water
36
(36.1) How do ‘Krishak Cooperatives’ secure funds for providing
loans to their members ? 1
• Krishak Cooperatives pool deposits from their members and
use these as collateral to obtain large bank loans for lending
to members.

(36.2) What are the different types of loans that ‘Krishak 1

Cooperatives’ offer to their members ?
• They provide loans for agricultural implements, cultivation,
fishery, and house construction, catering to various rural
needs.

(36.3) Why are such cooperatives desirable in the rural areas ? 2

• Cooperatives reduce dependency on moneylenders, provide
affordable credit, and promote rural development through
financial inclusion.
SECTION F
MAP SKILL-BASED QUESTION (2+3=5)

37 b On the same outline map of India locate and label any three of the 3
following with suitable symbols.
i. A software Technology Park in Maharashtra.
ii. Raja Sansi-Sri Guru Ram Dasjee International Airport
iii. Digboi Oilfield
iv. A seaport located in Tamil Nadu