HUMAN REPRODUCTIONx Secre tions of accecs
SSory
glnds are essenttaf for maturatièn
Motility * ACC Ctlands
tAccessory ducfs:
(0 lale Reproductive System epilic*,
rete testts
Lotated pelvic region
in
vasa efferentid. Semina
Includes pai 0 ttstess >epididymis Vesicle
Atong wrth acte sS ory duucts, glands Vas oleferens Prostate
Cind etir nal gnitata 8ulbourethru
gland
Testes ocated cutside abdominal PATH OF SPERM:
cavity within pouch called Scrotum Seminiferous tubules
- 5 c lower than normal body tump)
for Rete testis
spermatogenesis Testis attached to
Scro tum bty tubernaCu lum
Length 4-5 m
lich 2 3 (m Vasa eferen tia
Head'lapul
Tsticular lobuleS : 250 storeS Sperm EpididymistoaY*topu
for semetime)
didymisLait: (aua
tobul
Each lobule i-3 semimitero
tubule
Male mgetm
cetls Sertolt ascends abdomerasa deferens
Loops Over
cetls bla ddert
undergo meioht Provid e
division finally nourishment jaultory duct
leading to sperm to germ celts
for m&tioD Urethral meattuS
Penis is male external genitalia
*
LEYDIG CELLS >interstitial cells| Enlarged end Of penis called alans,
Secrete ttsticular hormonne Covered by foreskin
Penis
Caled androgens
Sperm eannot staund
PlAsma
membrane
Chromosome
NO actdic PH: Acrosomhe
(2n)Permatogonia
Mitbsis -Nutietus tontainIn
Differenttatien Chromosomal
mtertal:
(2n) rimary spermatocyte -Neck
st Meiotig divisien Middle piece
(few 1 spermatoyte)
Mitochondrta
(n) Secondary spermatocyte
2n Meiotis division Tail
(n) Spermatidsspermiogenesis)
Jbifferentiatien)
(n) SptrmatoKOa /sponms Enzmes: Hyolurcnidase,
e l l s released from seminiferouS tubules Acrosin
by process toalled Spermidtion
by
Human male eaculates 200 300 mitlion sperms,during
of which
607 must have normal shape ey Size ohile Loitue
40 Show vigorO us movement.
utetmost (overing. c,. COrpora
Tunica Vaginalis Caver nOsa
TeStis
tt-bttthea
*Innermost Tunica albuginea CoPecor
SP
at
Uthra
Spongy urethra : Renile urethra
CRYPTORCHHIDISM * Testi s descend
1ftestis fail to in scrotum vfo Prostate ure tifa
descend into sCrottu inguinal canal Membranous urethra
2 Sexua Peepening of voice
tharaters
Broadeniñg of shoulder
Musuular body
Body Hair d
) FEMALE REPRODO CTIVE SYSTEM Fim briae hetp in cotteg ot ovum
after ovutn.
Ovaries are located *ACCesory ducts (to wards oVary
on each side ot infundibulum z
lotoer abdomen () ovicducts
Ampullla
Length: tn i) uterus isthmuuS
opnected to pel vic watl E uterus (i) Vagina touoards uterus
with ngrrow
Dgaments bimen)
OvarH (overed by thin UTER US
enclosi ng oratIan epithelium llterus also called oomb is uke
stroma an inverted
peripheral inner pear
Cortex medulla Attached to toall by (igaments
Each faltopian tube
length:10-12u) * Wall of uterus
uterus open into -
Outer : Perimetrium
vag1na throug
ervix (cervical coanal Middle: Myometrium-|asthe
Cervical canal+ Vagina: Birth cana Inner Endometrium
undergoes cycti cal changs
Female external tenitalta dufing menstrual cyur)
Mong pubis: ushion of fatty * MAMMARY BET GLAND.
tissue covered by Skin &
in Labia Majorq
pubic hair. (tlandular tissue has
Aeshy folds of tisue 15-20 mammary lobes
extends from mons
pubis to vaqinal openin9 Containing tells called
alveoli secrete milk)
iy Lobia Minora: Folds of tissue Stored, tn
under CCLVities
Labia marora
(v) ttitcrts -Tiny finger-tike structure Alveol
es at upper
juunction of tuoo labia minora Mammary tubules
above urethral opening.
Mammary duc
Mammary ampulla
Lactiferous dutt
Corpora
Caver NOSa
Cotpw ar S u
Uyhra
Spongu ure thra: Penile urethraa
Prostate uretfira
Membranous urethCa
OCtENIESIS
No m ore added aster blrth
Oogonia
Meiosis (T)
Jlarrested at prophase
Earrestta I (temporary)
Primary o0uE Surrounded by aranulosa (ells
Por m ing follicles
Aubeu Primary folli ctef,itl ouber ty in each ovarg
GOe 80k)
m Secondary foluces
Tertiary folicle Fluid fitecd cavity called an trum
Theca înterna e thecc externa present
Complet eg Meiosi s -I E; 2'cocytt and poar
Grafian folicle bdu formed
2 Oocyte forms a membranecalled
f ruptures releaSing 2 Kona peltucida
00cyte (r
MENSTRU AL (YCERcproductive cycle in female primates
menstruatiorgjefe begins at puberty and is called menarch e
Avg interval of about aS/29 days
to breatkdown tf endometrid
Cycte
Starts oith menstrucil phcse octurs due
hirgMenstruati on only olcurs it released ovum noOt fer iu'ssd
Ctner cadeg stress, poor health,ete delay menstruuation
rollferattve phase primcuy to erafficn follicles)
endometrium proliferates) (¢hanges.
arian hormenes
Pitultard
fraduLal 1se in fSH LH stimulating fotlicul av
development es secre tton 0f egtrogen fron fotlicles
Ovulation SH LH attain peak +
during mid cuete
LH Surge indulCes rupture Ctra Mian fotlicle
Co use ovulat cuas 0otyt crmaf"(y f
luteal ph ase Duratien: l4 days (fixed)
Remaining parts of ef forms corpus luteum
SorpuS luteum secretes proges terone
Abseence of fertilisation ,
dlegeherates CLcerie
MenopatUSe otturs geneclly at aqe 0f 50 yrs
(yclic menstruation is an indBtator of norrmal reprocducttve pnase
extends between menaurche and menopause
Theca erteana Metuphac
T hTh
eca fnterna 1ritic
tonulosa cil
Amlus cophotu
ecyt
ona pellucida
Theca Cxtetna Metaphase ora
Theca fnterna of Metois peutid
t ran ulosa cell
(ororo
umulis oophoru
Petyite!i vit
Men
ZOna pellucida
LtRTILISATIO AND IMM ANTATIONN
* Crossing (orona Radlata: Cementing material of Corona Fadiata
Cells Hyalur Onic a(d
Eroken by Hyaturonicdase enzyme present in Acrosome ot sperm
Crossing xona pellucida:After chetk from cpecies specific receptors
Xona lysin enxume from Acrosome of sperm ereate a hole in zona pellucido
Reache cl Vitettine Nembrone Ca inffux (tost fer ti iz reac)
Vitetline membrane gets depolarized
es membrane to fertili xation membtane
Vitelline
Lorttcal Recction: Due to ca1 influx cortical granules show txttnsion
slo
o n a Reacticn: Xona pellucida becomes impervious to 0thet sper me Rea
PrEventing potyspermg
S e Londary oocyte (ompletes meiosis II forming 0otid
2
pDiar Do
Male pronut leus e pronucle us fuse fogether to ¥ QPrornutleus
fos m rygote
t i l l ztna pellACida remains
AITOTIC DIVISIDN OF ZYCIOTE IS CALLED CLEVACIe
'ntact
Embryo with 8-16 blastomere is called Morulta ceLs
dividlea
Inner cell mass BlastocySE
Gets diferentiated TTOphO blast: attaches to endometrium
as embr
E tovers
H t e r attachment uterine woall divides rapidly blastoyst
PRE GINANCY AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
*Placenta produces h CE, hPL,
estrogen, progesterone,et
inger like projecti ons trophoblast callecl Relaxn s secreted enly
choriontc villi and uterine issue and,during
copiu ltuitn preqnan
Prrgnancy
aater hal become interdigitatect oith eath *Duing pregnany estrogen,
0ther jointty form strutttural dnd functionad progestetone, cortisòl, prolactin
untt ulledd placenta thyroxine etc tse Seve ral
-yolk sac fold. for supporting foctal
Extro -embryo oLth, metabotie ehanges in
mother E maintarnaHce Of
amniotHc
ftuid pregnan
After month Heart formed
tnd of 2month: timbs g dgits
2 etk
Amniotic end ofs trimester: organ sustems
flwd ormed (timbs e external qenital
placenta organs
umbitical5 monHh: mov OF fpetuS E appearane
Of hair on,headd
foetal blood Cord
Vessels are end of ahd Lrimes ter: body coverec
Amnion
oith tne hairs, eyelids seprate
calted Atlantosis
chorton eyelashes9 monthsfoct
formed devclePrd
CIASTRULATI ON (horacterised by movements of cells in smal masses
or Sheets so as to form primary germinal layers The cell movements
that occur during gastrutation are called morphogenetic movements
Since thy lead to morphogenesis
*Cells of inner cell mass or embryongal knob get rearranged to form
a flat embryonic o
germinal di'sc
disc
Outer: Epiblast
Inner Hypoblast
*G1astrulation
Of epi blast begins with formation of primiti ve streak on surface
*Once definitive endoderm ts established, inwardly moving epiblastmesoderm
ormrr
*Epiblast is source of all the layers in
germ ernbry
embryo
primitive node
Epiblast
primitve streak
mnibblasts
DOOR0b0uU
Mesodemal
Cells Hupoblast
