MERN Stack, DSA, System Design, and Development Learning Plan

JavaScript Topics:

1. Core Concepts

- Variables and Data Types: let, const, var, Primitive and Non-Primitive Types

- Operators: Logical, Arithmetic, Comparison, Assignment

- Type Coercion & Conversion

- Functions: Function Declaration, Expressions, Arrow Functions, Callbacks

- Scope & Closures

- Hoisting

- The this keyword

- Event Loop & Concurrency Model

- Promises, Async/Await

- Error Handling: try-catch, Custom Error Handling

- Destructuring and Spread/Rest Operators

- Modules: import/export, CommonJS

2. Advanced Concepts

- Asynchronous Programming: Callbacks, Promises, Async/Await, Event Loop, Microtasks,

Macrotasks

- Memory Management: Garbage Collection, Stack vs Heap

- Closures & Lexical Scoping

- Prototype Inheritance: Object.create, __proto__, class

- Functional Programming: Pure Functions, Higher-Order Functions, Currying, Memoization

- Design Patterns: Singleton, Factory, Module, Observer

- JavaScript Performance Optimization: Throttling, Debouncing

- ES6+ Features: Template Literals, Default Parameters, Symbol, Set/Map

- Web APIs: fetch, localStorage, sessionStorage, window, document

React Topics:

1. Fundamentals

- JSX Syntax

- Components: Functional & Class Components, Props & State Management

- Event Handling

- Conditional Rendering

- List Rendering and Keys

- Forms and Controlled Components

- Error Boundaries

2. Advanced Concepts

- React Hooks: useState, useEffect, useContext, useReducer, useRef, Custom Hooks

- Context API for state management

- React Router for navigation

- Code Splitting with React.lazy and Suspense

- Portals

- HOC (Higher Order Components)

- Render Props Pattern

- Memoization with React.memo

- Optimizing Rendering: shouldComponentUpdate, React.PureComponent

- State Management: Redux, MobX, Recoil, Zustand

- Performance Optimization: Lazy Loading, Suspense, and Error Boundaries

- Server-Side Rendering (SSR) & Static Site Generation (SSG) with Next.js

- Testing React Components: Jest, React Testing Library

System Design Topics:

1. Basics

- Scalability: Horizontal vs Vertical Scaling, Load Balancing

- Availability: High Availability, Failover Mechanisms

- Fault Tolerance: Redundancy, Circuit Breaker Pattern

- Consistency: CAP Theorem, Eventual Consistency, Strong Consistency

- Latency vs Throughput: Trade-offs, Measuring Performance

- Caching Strategies: Cache Invalidation, Cache Aside, Write Through

- Database Design: SQL vs NoSQL, Sharding, Replication

2. Advanced Topics

- Microservices Architecture

- CQRS (Command Query Responsibility Segregation)

- Event Sourcing

- API Design: RESTful APIs, GraphQL

- Design Patterns: Singleton, Factory, Observer

- Rate Limiting: Token Bucket, Leaky Bucket

- Load Balancing: Round-robin, Least Connections, Consistent Hashing

- Distributed Systems: CAP Theorem, Paxos, Raft, Consensus Algorithms

- Monitoring & Logging: ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana), Prometheus, Grafana

NestJS Topics:
1. Basics

- Modules, Controllers, and Services: Basic Setup

- Routing and Dependency Injection

- Middleware, Guards, Pipes

- DTOs (Data Transfer Objects)

- Exception Filters

2. Advanced Topics

- Microservices with NestJS

- GraphQL with NestJS

- WebSocket Integration (Real-time Communication)

- Database Integration with TypeORM/Sequelize

- Authentication (JWT, OAuth)

- Testing in NestJS: Unit Tests, End-to-End Tests

Node.js Topics:

1. Core Concepts

- Event-Driven Programming: Event Emitters, Streams, Callbacks

- Non-blocking I/O & Event Loop

- File System (fs) module

- Streams: Readable, Writable, Duplex, Transform streams

- Buffer and Encoding

- Node.js Process and Child Processes

2. Advanced Concepts

- Clusters and Forking: Load balancing with multiple processes

- Security: OAuth, JWT Authentication, HTTPS, Helmet.js

- Server-Side Frameworks: Express.js, Koa.js, Hapi.js

- Caching & Performance: Redis, In-memory Caching

- Task Queues: Bull, RabbitMQ, Kafka

- Error Handling: Custom Error Classes, Try/Catch blocks

MongoDB Topics:

1. Basics

- Database and Collections Structure

- CRUD Operations: Insert, Find, Update, Delete

- Aggregation Framework: $match, $group, $project, $lookup

- Indexes and Query Optimization

- Replication and Sharding

- Transactions: Multi-document Transactions

2. Advanced Concepts

- MongoDB Design Patterns: Schema Design, Mongoose ORM

- Security: Authentication, Authorization, RBAC (Role-based Access Control)

- Backup and Restoration Strategies

- Scaling: Horizontal and Vertical Sharding

- Real-time Applications: Using MongoDB with Socket.io

DSA (Data Structures & Algorithms) Topics:

1. Data Structures

- Arrays and Strings: Sliding Window, Two-pointer, Prefix Sum

- Linked Lists: Singly, Doubly, Circular

- Stacks and Queues: Implementations using Arrays/Linked Lists

- Hashing: Hash Tables, Hash Maps, Hash Sets

- Trees: Binary Search Tree (BST), AVL Trees, B-Trees, Trie, Heap (Min/Max)

- Graphs: Representations: Adjacency Matrix/List, BFS/DFS Traversals, Shortest Path: Dijkstra,

Bellman-Ford, Floyd-Warshall

- Heaps: Priority Queue, Min Heap, Max Heap

2. Algorithms

- Sorting Algorithms: QuickSort, MergeSort, HeapSort, BubbleSort, InsertionSort

- Searching Algorithms: Linear Search, Binary Search

- Dynamic Programming: Knapsack Problem, Longest Common Subsequence (LCS), Coin Change

- Greedy Algorithms: Activity Selection, Huffman Coding

- Backtracking: N-Queens, Subset Sum, Sudoku Solver

- Divide and Conquer: Merge Sort, Quick Sort, Binary Search

- Bit Manipulation: XOR, AND, OR, Bit Masking

- String Algorithms: KMP Algorithm, Rabin Karp, Z Algorithm