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WHEN DO WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT

SIMPLE? FORM:

For actions which happened at an indefinite + Affirmative

time in the past but we don’t mention
exactly when as the exact time is not
important. These actions often have
consequences in the present. subject + have / has + past participle of
Peter has broken his leg. (He the main verb
can’t walk now.) I / You / We / They have completed the
task.
2. For actions which happened in the past He / She / It has completed the test.
but we don’t mention an exact time.
He has seen that film.
- Negative
3. Recent actions completed a
short time ago (or where we expect the
results to be imminent) where results are
often visible in the present. In this case we subject + haven’t / hasn’t + past
usually use just, already and yet. participle of the main verb
Carlos has just finished his I / You / We / They haven´t eaten lunch.
homework. He / She / It hasn´t eaten lunch.
Have you done your homework
yet? ? Interrogative
Maria has already tidied her room.

4. Experiences that we have or haven’t

had in our lives, there is not a definite time Affirmative
given - “up to now”. In this case we use Have / has + subject + past participle of
ever and never. the main verb
Have you ever been to Gabon? Have I / you/ we / they been here long?
I have never been to Spain. Has he / she / it been here long?
Negative
Haven’t / hasn’t + subject + past
5. For an action that began in the past participle of the main verb
and is related to now: often used with Since Haven’t I / you/ we / they been here
and For. before?
I have taught at this school Hasn’t he / she / it been here before?
for three years.

6. When we talk about how many times Short Answers

we have repeated an action:
Stella has seen that film four times.
Examples:
7. When we talk about how much we have Q: Have you closed the door?
completed. A: Yes, I have / No, I haven’t.
I’ve written 2 pages of my Q: Has she left the party?
composition. A: Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.

8. When we talk about a time period that

is not finished such as this morning, this
month, today, this afternoon.
I have seen him today.
 FOR SINCE EVER
Use: Affirmative and negative Use: Affirmative and negative Use: Interrogatives. We use it
sentences. It refers to the sentences. It refers to the in questions about experiences
duration of the action – a period starting point of the action. that have / haven’t happened
of time. Word Order: Before ‘the at any time up to the present.
Word Order: Before ‘the action or time’. Word Order: Between have /
period of time’. Example: They have lived in has + subject and the past
Example: I have taught at this South Africa since 1994. participle (that is before the
school for two years. I have spoken French since I past participle).
was a child. Example: Have you ever
driven a sports car?

NEVER LATELY RECENTLY

Use: Affirmative - has a Use: Affirmative, negative and Use: Affirmative, negative and
negative meaning. We use it to interrogative. interrogative.
say that something hasn’t Word Order: At the end of the Word Order: Between have /
happened at any time up to the sentence. has and the past participle or at
present Example: I haven’t been to the the end of the sentence.
Word Order: Between have / cinema lately. Example: He has recently
has and the past participle (that bought a new car.
is before the past participle).
Example: I have never jumped
off a bridge.

JUST YET ALREADY

Use: Affirmative. We use it to Use: In negatives and Use: Affirmative sentences.
talk about something that was interrogatives. Shows that an action was
completed / happened recently. In negative sentences – shows completed before the time of
Word Order: Between have / that an action has not speaking, sometimes before it
has + subject and the past happened but that we think it was expected to happen.
participle (that is before the past will happen. Word Order: Between have /
` participle). Word Order: At the end of the has and the past participle.
Example: The man has just had sentence. Example: She has already paid
an accident. Example: She hasn’t eaten the fee.
yet.

For most regular verbs ……………………………….... add –ed Example: walk - walked
Spelling Rules:
Regular verbs ending with –e ……………………………. add –d Example: live - lived
Regular verbs ending with a –y ……………………. add –ed Example: play – played
preceded by a vowel
Regular verbs ending with a -y …………………. change the –y to –i then add –ed Example: cry -
preceded by a consonant cried
Regular verbs ending with a ……………………….. double the final consonant before adding –ed
consonant + one vowel + Example: slip – slipped (there are exceptions such
one consonant as ‘visit – visited’)

2. Make present perfect questions with

1. Complete the sentences using the ‘ever’ using the clues.
present perfect as in the example.
3. Complete the sentences with a
a. ride / an elephant ?
a. word from the (BUY)
They __________ box. a new house.
Have you ever ridden an elephant?
They have sincebought
alreadya new house.
ago just b. eat / raw meat ?
b. Carlos __________
ever (VİSİT)
for never yetSan Diego
still ________________________________
three times. c. spend / a day in prison ?
c. Thomas
a. We________ (LOSE)
have lived hishouse
in this passport.
______ a ________________________________
d. long_________
Stella time. (DO) her homework. d. go / fishing ?
b. I have’t seen ________________________________
e. They _________ (GO)Sam ________
to the cinema.last week.
c. Michael
He doesn’t e. been / to Cape Town ?
f. ______________ (SEE) Diane He
want to have lunch.
________________________________
has
today. _____________ eaten.
d. Vanda has _________ been to Spain, f. drive / a bus ?
g. Maria
but she ______________
would like to (IRON) her dress.
go there. ________________________________
e. Mary hasn’t arrived ______, but she
should be here soon.
 4. Use the sentences to complete the
crossword puzzle.
DOWN
1. Michael hasn't _____ (stop) smoking yet.
2. The plane has _____(fly) into a storm.
3. The boxer has ____ (lose) the fight against
his opponent.
4. Thomas hasn't ____ (complete) his
homework.
5. Valdimar has ____ (forgive) his girlfriend
for cheating on him.
6. The soldiers have ____(advance) against
their enemy.

1 5

2 8

ACROSS 3 4 6
1. Joseph isn't feeling well. He hasn't
_____ (sleep) well for three nights. 3
2. My father has accidently ____ (cut)
his finger with a sharp knife.
3. The secretary hasn't _____ 4
(photocopy) the document for her boss.
4. The little boy has ____ (cry) without
stopping since he lost his toy.
5. Sheila has just ____ (break) her 5
favourite ornament and is very upset.
6. Stephen has never ____ (play)
football. 2 9
7. Ben has ____ (write) an exceptionally
good essay. 6
8. Justin has just ____ (throw) the ball
over the wall.
9. I have ___ (have) fish for dinner.
7

8. Extend the sentences. Use the example to help you.

1. He is repairing the broken television. He has repaired the broken television.

2. The children are playing in the garden. ______________________________________
3. Charlotte is running to the chemist. ______________________________________
4. My father is having a shower. ______________________________________
5. Bruno is washing his new car. ______________________________________
6. Vera is answering the letter from her friend. ______________________________________
7. John is brushing his teeth. ______________________________________
8. Carey is writing her final tests. ______________________________________