What is Arithmetic Reasoning? Arithmetic Reasoning is the ability to understand and solve mathematical problems using basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. This skill involves the application of logic, critical thinking, and problem-solving techniques to perform calculations and analyze numerical relationships. It is an essential component of mathematics education and is crucial for everyday tasks, as well as more complex activities such as financial management, engineering, and scientific research, Arithmetic reasoning is not only about the ability to perform calculations but also about understanding the underlying concepts, recognizing patterns, and making informed decisions based on numerical data, Arithmetic Reasoning tests the mathematical knowledge of a candidate. Questions that are based on arithmetic reasoning are usually numerical in nature, so they contain calculation parts in many cases. Candidates who don't like mathematics will find the arithmetic reasoning section unfavourable for them, but with clear concepts and practice they can easily ace this section. Some of the arithmetic reasoning topics are Puzzle, Analogy, Series, Venn Diagram, Cube and Dice, Inequality and soon. In this article, we are going to cover the key Arithmetic Reasoning Concepts along with the various types of it, solved examples, practice questions and the tips and tricks to solve the questions related to this type of reasoning, Read the article thoroughly to clear all the doubts regarding the same. As mentioned above, Arithmetic Reasoning is all about solving logical reasoning questions by performing various ‘mathematical operations. Some of the important chapters under arithmetic reasoning are Puzzle, Analogy, Series, Venn Diagram, Cube and Dice, Inequality and so on. Let us now understand various types of arithmetic reasoning from below. 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Question 3:71: 42::98:? solution: 71-29 = 42 Similar, 98 -29 = 69 Hence, 69 will replace the question mark. Question 4: 67: 76 ::42:? Solution: 67+9-76 Similarly, 42 +9 = 51, Hence, 51 will replace the question mark.Question 5: 49, 121, 169, 2, 361 Solution: The solution of the series is as follows. TA2= 49 1182= 421 13.2=169 1792 = 289 19" 61 Hence, the correct answer is 289, Question 6: The position of how many digit(s) in the number 381576 will remain the same after the number is arranged in the ascending order? Solution: Original number form is: 3.81576 Ascending order form is: 135678 If we check the numbers whose position will remain the same in both forms then we will see that the position of only number remains same or unchanged which is the number 7. Hence, the correct answer is One. Question 7: If 3x-7 = 20, what is the value of x? Solution: 3x-7 = 20 3x= 20+ 7 3x=27%=27/3x=9 ‘Question 8: A car travels 360 miles in 6 hours. What is its average speed? Solution: Average speed = Total distance / Total time Average speed = 360 miles / 6 hours Average speed = 60 miles per hour Question 9: What is 35% of 120? Solution: 35% of 120 = (35/100) * 120 = 42 Question 10: If the area of a rectangle is 180 square units and its length is 12 units, what is its width? Solution: Area of a rectangle = length * width 180 = 12 * width width = 180 / 12 width = 15 units Question 11: Solve for y: 4y + 5 = 3y + 12 Solution: 4y +5 =3y + 12 4y-3y=12-Sy=7 ‘Question 12; In a class of 40 students, 12 students are girls. What percentage of the class is made up of girls? Solution: Percentage of girls = (Number of girls / Total students) * 100 Percentage of girls = (12 / 40) * 100 Percentage of girls = 30% Question 13: A store is offering a 25% discount on a jacket that originally costs $80. What is the sale price of the jacket? Solution: Discount amount = 25% of $80 = (25/100) * $80 = $20 Sale price = Original price - Discount amount Sale price = $80 ~$20 = $60 Question 14: Ifa train travels at 75 miles per hour for 2 hours and 45 minutes, how far does it travel? Solution: Time in hours: 2 hours + (4S minutes / 60 minutes) = 2.75 hours Distance = Speed * Time Distance = 75 miles/hour * 2.75 hours = 206.25 milesQuestion 15: What Is the sum of the first ten positive odd numbers? Solution: The first ten positive odd numbers are: 1, 3,5, 7,9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19 Sum=1+3+5+749+11+13+15+17+19 = 100 Question 16: A rectangular garden has a perimeter of 60 meters, and its width is 10 meters. What is its length? Solution: Perimeter of a rectangle = * (length + width) 60 = 2 * (length + 10) 30 = length + 10 Length = 20 meters Question 17: If the sum of three consecutive even numbers is 78, what is the largest number? Solution: Let the numbers be x, x+2, and x+4. x + (X+2) + (X+4) = 78 3x + 6 = 78 3x = 72 X = 24 The largest number is x + +4=28 ‘Question 18: A fruit seller sold 120 kg of apples at $4 per kg and 80 kg of oranges at $5 per kg. How much money did he earn in total? Solution: Money from apples = 120 kg * $4 = $480 Money from oranges = 80 kg * $5 = $400 Total money earned = $480 + $400 = $880 ‘Question 19: What is the smallest positive integer that is divisible by both 6 and 8? Solution: Find the least common multiple (LCM) of 6 and 8, Prime factors of 6 = 24 The smallest positive integer Is 24. * 4 Prime factors of 8 = 23 LCM = 243 * 3 ‘Question 20: Solve the following equation: 5(x - 3) = a(x +2) Solution: 5(x 3) = 4(x + 2) 5x-15 = 4x +85x-Ax=15+8x=23 ‘Question 21: A car rental company charges $20 per day plus an additional $0.15 per mile driven. How much would it cost to rent a car for 3 days and drive 200 miles? Solution: Cost for 3 days = 3 * $20 = $60 Cost for 200 miles = 200 * $0.15 = $30 Total cost = $60 + $30 = $90 Question 22: If 9 books weigh 36 pounds, how much would 15 books weigh? Solution: Weight of 1 book = 36 pounds / 9 books pounds pounds/book Weight of 15 books = 15 hooks * 4 pounds/book = 60 ‘Question 23: What Is the average of the numbers 18, 24, and 30? Solution: Average = (Sum of numbers) / (Number of numbers) Average = (18 + 24 + 30) /3 Average = 72/3=24 (Question 24: Ifa square has a side length of 8 units, what is the length of its diagonal? Solution: Diagonal length = Side length * v2 Diagonal length = 8 * v2 = 82 units Question 25: A store sells packs of 6 pens for $4.50 per pack. How much would 3 packs cost? Solution: Cost of 3 packs = 3 * $4.50 = $13.50 Question 26: A person invests $1000 in a savings account with an annual interest rate of 4% compounded annually. What is the balance in the account after 2 years? Solution: A= P(1 + r/n)*(nt) Where A fs the final amount, P is the principal, r is the interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and tis the number of years. A= PCL +r/n)\(n Where A is the final amount, P fs the prineipal, ris the interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and tis the number of years. A = 1000(1 + 0.04/1)¥(1*2) A = 1000(1 + 0.04)*2 A = 1000(1.04)"2 A = 1000 * 1.0816 A= 1081.60The balance in the account after 2 years is $1081.60. Arithmetic Reasoning Formulas Arithmetic reasoning often involves using basic formulas to solve problems. Here's a list of some common arithmetic formulas that can be helpful: V7. 18, 19, 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. ai. 32 33, Addition: a +b =c Subtraction: a-b=c Multiplication: a* Division: a / Average: @+b+c+..¢n)/n Percentage: (part/whole) * 100 Ratio: a:b Proportion: a/b=c/d Distance: Speed * Time Speed: Distance / Time Time: Distance / Speed Simple Interest: I= P * RT / 100 (where I= interest, P = principal, R = rate, and T = time) Compound Interest: A = P(1 + r/n)*(nt) (where A = amount, P = principal, r = annual interest rate, n = number of times interest is compounded per year, and t = time in years) Profit or Loss: Profit = Selling Price - Cost Price (Loss = Cost Price - Selling Price) Percent Increase or Decrease: (New Vahie - Old Value) / Old Value * 100 Fractions: Addition: ab * c/d = (ad + bo) / ba Subtraction: a/b - cid = (ad - be) / ba Multiplication: (a/b) * (c/a) = (a * c) |b * d) Division: (a/b) ~ (eld) = (a* d)/* 0) Decimal to Fraction: To convert a decimal to a fraction, write the decimal as the numerator and the denominator as a power of 10 based on the number of decimal places. Then, simplify the fraction, Fraction to Decimal: Divide the numerator by the denominator. Fraction to Percentage: (Fraction) * 100 Percentage to Fraction: (Percentage) / 100 Percentage to Decimal: (Percentage) / 100 Decimal to Percentage: (Decimal) * 100 Weighted Average: (wi * x1 +w2*x2.*...¢ wn * xn) /(Ww1 +w2->... * wn) Least Common Multiple (LCM): The smallest multiple that is exactly divisible by each of the numbers. Greatest Common Divisor (GCD): The largest number that divides two or more numbers without leaving a remainder. Prime Numbers: A number greater than 1 that has only two factors: 1 and itself, Factors: The numbers that can be multiplied together to get the original number. Square of a Number: a?=a* a Cube of a Number: a°=a*a%a Square Root: va is the number that, when multiplied by itself, equals a. Cube Root: Ya is the number that, when multiplied by itself three times, equals a, Permutations: nPr =n! / (n-1)!, where n fs the total number of elements and r is the number of elements chosen. Combinations: ncr / {rl(n- 11], where n is the total number of elements and r is the number of elements chosen. ‘These arithmetic formulas cover the basic concepts and can be applied to various problem-solving situations. However, keep in mind that more advanced arithmetic problems might require additional formulas or a combination of these basic formulas. Arithmetic Reasoning Books Here's a table Listing some popular arithmetic reasoning books in India for preparation for government exams. Book Name Author Name Feature of the BookFast Track Objective Arithmetic Rajesh Verma Comprehensive coverage of arithmetic and reasoning topics, numerous practice questions Quantitative Aptitude for RS, Aggarwal Extensive arithmetic and reasoning Competitive Examinations topic coverage, solved examples, practice exercises Magical Book on Quicker Maths M.Tyra Shortcut methods, time-saving techniques, practice problems Quantitative Aptitude Quantum Cat | Sarvesh K. Verma In-depth explanations, topic-wise coverage, ample practice tests Arithmetic for General Competitions | Neetu Singh Detailed explanations, practice questions, shortcuts and arithmetic reasoning tricks Types of Arithmetic Reasoning Let us see the various types of arithmetic reasoning questions that may come In your upcoming competitive exams. 1. Puzzle In these type of arithmetic reasoning questions, candidates need to analyze the given piece of information, pick the information that is important, and leave out the information that is not required in solving the given set of questions. 2. Analogy In these type of arithmetic re inthe question, mning questions, candidates will need to find a word or paid words analogous to those given 3. Series In these type of arithmetic reasoning questions, Candidates need to find the missing or wrong number in the provided series. There may be some questions where one of the terms in the given series will be incorrect, and candidates need to find out that term of the series by identifying the pattern involved in the formation of the series. 4. Inequality In these type of arithmetic reasoning questions, candidates must know about various signs, which are used in such types of questions. The same is given below: ‘symbol Meaning ADB Als greater than B ACB Ais less than B A=B Als equal to B ADB Als elther greater than or equal to B ASB Ais either less than or equal to B AGB Ais elther greater than or less than B5. Venn Diagram A Venn Diagram is a representation method for all possible relations that can exist between a given group of elements in a single figure. A venn diagram is the easiest way to express the relationship between sets. 6. Cube & Dice In these type of arithmetic reasoning questions, problems based on single or multiple cube and dice will be asked and candidates need to give the correct answer by analyzing the given image. Learn about Properties of Arithmetic Progression Arithmetic Reasoning Topics Arithmetic Reasoning Topics Calendar Reasoning Clock Reasoning Data Sufficiency Reasoning Inequality Reasoning Missing Number Reasoning Mixed Series Reasoning Number Arrangement Reasoning Number Series Reasoning Order And Ranking Reasoning Ranking Reasoning Statements In Mathematical Reasoning Arithmetic Reasoning Tips and Tricks Solving arithmetic reasoning questions can be made easier by following a step-by-step approach. Here are some arithmetic reasoning tricks and tips to help you tackle these problems more effectively: Read the question carefully: Make sure you thoroughly understand the problem statement of the arithmetic reasoning question and identify the information given, as well as what you need to find out. 1 Break down the problem: Simplify complex arithmetic problems by breaking them into smaller, more manageable parts. Identify the underlying concepts and relationships between the given data 4, Choose the right formula or method: Based on the information and relationships identified, select the appropriate arithmetic formula or method to solve the problem. Organize the data: Arrange the given data and any additional information you've deduced in a structured way. This can be in the form of a table, diagram, or equation. Perform calculations: Apply the chosen arithmetic formula or method and carry out the necessary calculations. Keep track of units, if applicable, and ensure the accuracy of your calculations.fraction, decimal, or percentage. Check your work: Verify the accuracy of your calculations and ensure that your answer makes logical sense in the context of the problem. If necessary, retrace your steps and identify any errors. Simplify the answer: If required, simplify your answer by expressing it in the most appropriate format, such as a Review the question: Go back to the problem statement and ensure your answer addresses what was asked. If the question has multiple parts, make sure you've addressed all aspects. Exams where Arithmetic Reasoning is Part of the Syllabus Questions based on the arithmetic reasoning section come up often in the prestigious government exams mentioned below. Bank (PO & Clerk) Exams LIC (AAO & ADO) RRB UPSC State PSC Exams Check out more details on other Reasoning Topics: SSC (CGL, 10+2, Steno, FCI, CPO, Multitasking) Alphabet Test Cause & Effect Blood Relations Clocks calendars Coding Decoding Direction & Distance Data Sufficiency We hope you found this article regarding the arithmetic reasoning section informative and helpful, and please do not hesitate to contact us for any doubts or queries regarding the same. You can also download the Testhook App, which is absolutely free and start preparing for any government competitive examination by taking the mock tests before the examination to boost your preparation. Also, Check out the Latest Railway Exams with Reasoning as a Part of its Syllabus RRB Group D RRB Junior Stenographer RRB NTPC RRB Junior Translator RRB Ministerial and Isolated Categories Railway TTE Railway GDCE Report An Error RRB ASMDiestbook The Complete Exam Preparation ala) Ay ned