Comprehension Checks in Unit 3:
Consonant Categorization
3 .4.2Listen to the following words that end withpast tense “-ed” and plural or third
person “-s.” For each word, indicate whether the final consonant is voiced or voiceless.”
1 . Fished v oiceless
2. Boated voiced
3. Coerced voiceless
4. Injures voiced
5. Nabbed voiced
6. Misses voiced
7. Strapped voiceless
8. Banged voiced
9. Moped voiceless
10.Grades voiced
11.Flailed voiced
12.Creases voiced
13.Beached voiceless
14.Votes voiceless
15.Checked voiceless
16.Jabs voiced
17.Raced voiceless
18.Rushed voiceless
19.Turned voiced
20.Saves voiced
3.5.3.Match the place of articulation to the descriptionsof articulators involved.
1. _____f____ bilabial a. vocal folds
2. _____e____ labiodental b. tongue dorsum-velum
3. _____b____ velar c. tongue tip-alveolar ridge
4. ____g_____ interdental d. tongue blade-hard palate
5. _____a____ glottal e. lower lip contacts upper teeth
6. _____c____ alveolar f. upper and lower lips make full seal
7. ____d_____ palatal g. tongue tip between upper and lower teeth
3 .5.4Say the following words and name the oral articulatorsused for the sounds
represented by the underlined letters.
Example:shoe – tongue blade and hard palate;jad e– tongue blade & hard palate; tongue
tip & alveolar ridge
a . P ay u pper-lower lip
b. Geese dorsum-velum; tongue tip-alveolar ridge
c. Firm
lower lip with upper teeth; upper and lowerlip
d . Lik e tongue tip and alveolar ridge; dorsum-velum
e. Thin g tongue between upper and lower teeth; dorsum-velum
f. Chairs tongue blade-hard palate; tongue tip-alveolarridge
g. Cipher lower lip with upper teeth
h. Bathe upper-lower lip; tongue between upper and lowerteeth
i. Cla ss tongue tip-alveolar ridge
j. Patr iot upper-lower lip; tongue tip-alveolar ridge
k. Also tongue tip-alveolar ridge
l. Ju gglertongue blade-hard palate; dorsum-velum
m. Circle dorsum-velum
3 .5.5.Consider VP port function in the followingwords; indicate the VP port action
(open to close/close to open) in the articulation of each of the following words
Example: night:O -> C window:C -> O -> C
r ain: C🡪O
night: O🡪C
tin: C🡪O
nay: O (less likely O🡪C)
tiny: C🡪O🡪C
strain: C🡪O
kindle: C🡪O🡪C
timely: C🡪O🡪C
3 .6.3.Match the following numeric and alphabeticdescriptions (not all letters may match
numbers; more than one letter may match a number)
i. _________ /p/ a . full occlusion
ii. _________ /tʃ/ b. substantial supraglottal air pressure
iii. _________ /z/ c. partial occlusion
iv. _________ /k/ d. limited supraglottal pressure
v. _________ /t/ e. nominal occlusion
vi. _________ /b/ f. minimal supraglottal pressure
vii. _________ /w/ g. sudden pressure release
viii. ________ /l/ h. gradual pressure release
ix. _________ /ŋ/ i. pressure release accompanies occlusion
x. _________ /dʒ/ j. pressure release follows occlusion
k. VP port open
l. no laryngeal vibration
m. laryngeal vibration
i. /p/: a, b, g, j, l
ii. /tʃ/: a, b, h, j, l
iii. /z/: c, d, h, i, m
iv. /k/: a, b, g, j, l
v. /t/: a, b, g, j, l
vi. /b/: a, b, g, j, l
vii. /w/: e (nominal occlusion), f, h, i, m
viii. /l/: e, f, h, i, m
ix. /ŋ/: a, f, h, i, k, m
3.7.4.Which of the following are considered sonorants:
a . fricatives and affricates
b. stops/plosives
c. all voiced consonants
d. nasals, liquids, and glides
Give the reason/s for your answer:
. Sonorants have sonority or musical quality because of a relatively unoccluded
d
(or unobstructed) oral tract (liquids and glides) or nasal passage, continued
phonation, laminar airflow, and melodic intonation.
3.7.5.Which of the following phonemes is/arenotconsidered “approximant”
a . /j/
b. /ɹ/
c. /n/
d. /ʌ/
e. c and d
Give the reason/s for your answer:
e . Nasals /n/ make full articulatory contact; with high closure levels they do not
approximate vowel quality. Approximants are consonants, not vowels /ʌ/
3.7.6.Which of the following consonant sets is/arenotclassified as sibilants:
a . /f/ and /v/
b. /ʃ/ and /ʒ/
c. /s/ and /z/
d. /θ/ and /ð/
e. a and d
Give the reason/s for your answer:
e . /f v θ ð/ are not sibilants because they do not have the hissing (or /s/
quality)
3 .7.7True/False. Note: The entire statement is falseifeither partis false; each statement
is true only whenboth partsare true. For each item,provide a rationale by listing the
consonants (IPA symbols) in the relevant categories.
.__False____all fricatives are stridents but notall stridents are fricatives
1
i. “all fricatives are stridents” is false. /θ ð h/ are fricatives but not stridents
ii. “not all stridents are fricatives” is true. Stridents include some fricatives and all
affricates
.__True____all nasals are sonorants but not allsonorants are nasals
2
i. “all nasals are sonorants” is true
ii. “not all sonorants are nasals” is true. Liquids and glides also are sonorants
.__True____all affricates are sibilants but notall sibilants are affricates
3
i. “all affricates are sibilants” is true.
ii. “not all sibilants are affricates” is true. Sibilants include all affricates and
several fricatives
._True_____all stops are obstruents but not allobstruents are stops
4
i. “all stops are obstruents” is true
ii. “not all obstruents are stops” is true. Obstruents include stops, affricates, and
fricatives
._False_____all sonorants are approximants but notall approximants are
5
sonorants
i. “all sonorants are approximants” is false. Sonorants include approximants
(liquids and glides) and nasals
ii. “not all approximants are sonorants” is false. Liquids and glides (collectively,
approximants) are sonorants.
.__False____all minimal pairs are cognate pairsbut not all cognate are minimal
6
pairs
i. “all minimal pairs are cognate pairs” is false. Minimal pairs can differ either by
voicing (cognates) or place of articulation or manner of articulation.
ii. “not all cognate are minimal pairs” is false. Cognate pairs (that contrast in
voicing only) are a subset of minimal pairs.
.__True____all interdentals are fricatives but notall fricatives are interdentals
7
i. “all interdentals are fricatives” is true.
ii. “not all fricatives are interdentals” is true. Fricatives include all interdentals,
several alveolars and palatals, and glottal /h/.
.__False____all stridents are sibilants but notall sibilants are stridents
8
i. “all stridents are sibilants” is false. /f v/ are stridents but not sibilants.
ii. “not all sibilants are stridents” is false.
.___True___all plosives are obstruents but not allobstruents are plosives
9
i. “all plosives are obstruents” is true
ii. “not all obstruents are plosives” is true. Obstruents include plosives/stops,
fricatives, and affricates.
0.__True___all glides are approximants but not allapproximants are glides
1
i. “all glides are approximants” is true
ii. “not all approximants are glides” is true. Approximants include glides and
liquids
3 .8.2 Transcribe the following words in IPA, usingthe syllabic diacritic when necessary.
Not all words contain syllabic consonants.
1 . addle/pædl̩ /
P
2. Fitted /fɪtəd/ This word does not contain a syllabic consonant.
3. Microcosm /maɪkɹoʊkɑzm̩ /
4. Bottled /bɑtl̩ d/
5. Sitting/sɪtɪŋ/ This word does not contain a syllabic consonant.
6. Cosmic /kɑzmɪk/ This word does not contain a syllabic consonant.
7. Maddening /mædn̩ ɪŋ/
8. Middleman /mɪdl̩ mæn/
