Ashoka Universal School

Academic Session 2024-2025

Assessment III: IX Answer Key
Time: 2Hrs. Subject: Geography Marks: 80mks

Q.No Answers Marks Total

Alloca Marks
ted
Q.1 Answers the following questions: 2 [10]
marks
1. To find the location of a Place — Latitudes give us the location of a place each
north or south of the Equator. Such a location is known as an absolute
location. To measure the distance of a Place — Distances are calculated
with reference to the Equator at right angle to the place.
2. The factors that affect the temperature in a specific area are:
the latitude
height above sea level.
distance from the sea.
ocean currents.
3. The amount of water vapour present in air is known as humidity. Humidity
of the atmosphere is measured with the help of a hygrometer.
4. Ensuring the basic biological functions of soil-water-nutrients-human continuum.
Maintaining the range of diversity of plant and animal species as a basis for
ecological balance and economic stability
5. The Tundra region is covered with perpetual snow and the temperature
away below freezing point does not allow the: growth of trees. Only moss
and small flowery plants and lichen etc grow in short summer season only
with 10°C temperature at the most.

Q.2 Map Work [10]

1mark
Q.3 Multiple choice questions: s each [10]
1. b) Aphelion: earth is farthest to the sun
2. a) Igneous rock
3. c) Mechanical weathering
4. b) Cold currents
5. b) Troposphere
6. a) Jet stream
7. a) Absolute humidity
8. b) Eutrophication
9. b) Mina Mata
10. b) Xerophytic

Part II (Attempt any Five question)

2
Q.4 1. Latitudes are horizontal lines that measure distance north or south of the 10 marks
equator. Longitudes are vertical lines that measure east or west of the
meridian in Greenwich, England. Together, latitude and longitude enable
 cartographers, geographers and others to locate points or places on the globe. 2
2. Equinox Solstice
It is the time when the sun crosses the It refers to the time when the sun
plane of the earth equator, making day reaches its highest or lowest point
and night of equal length. in the sky at noon, resulting in the
shortest and longest days of the year.
It happens on march 21st and It happens on June 21 and December
September 23rd 22nd.

3.

4. Give a reason for each for each of the following:

i) Lines of longitude are called meridians of longitude because the sun 3
crosses a meridian at noon. So, all places on a particular meridian will
have noon at the same time.
ii) Every longitude along with its opposite longitude makes a complete
circle around the earth and another complete big circle is the
equator; while the latitudes make smaller circles along with the poles to
be only points. So the equator and the longitudinal lines around the earth
are called the Great Circles
iii) Only the lines of longitude are of equal length. Each line of
longitude equals half of the circumference of the Earth because
each extends from the North Pole to the South Pole. The lines of
latitude are not all equal in length 10 marks

1. Metamorphic rocks are formed when rock changes over a period of

Q.5 time due to a lot of physical changes like pressure, heat and 2
different chemical activity. When sedimentary rocks or igneous
rocks go through the physical process such as pressure exposure, heat
changes, and tectonic plate movement at the plate edges.

2. Dykes are igneous rocks that intrude vertically while sills are the
same type of rocks that cuts horizontally in another land or rock form.
2. Dykes are discordant intrusion while sills are concordant 2
intrusions.

3. The continuous process of transformation of old rocks into new ones

is known as rock cycle. The cycle may also pass through the process
of formation of sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks. To 3
keep the earth young, rocks melt again resulting in the formation
of igneous rock.
 4. Igneous rocks are formed by melting and cooling of magma 3 10 marks
originated from volcanic eruptions. These may be formed by
diastrophism and volcanism. These rocks are strong, crystalline and
dark in colour. These may be extrusive and intrusive on the surface
and beneath the crust respectively.
Q.6 2
1. Physical weathering does not change the chemical composition of the rock
whereas chemical weathering changes the chemical composition. Physical
weathering may result due to temperature, pressure, snow, etc. whereas chemical
weathering mainly takes place due to the action of some chemicals 2
2. The sudden expansion and contraction of rocks results in the peeling off of
the outer layers of the rocks. This process of weathering is known as exfoliation 3
3. The main function of a river in its upper course is erosion. It erodes its bed and
banks and carries large boulders of rock with it. The landforms formed in the
upper course of a river are V-shaped valley and waterfall 3
4. Denudation is the wearing a way of landmass by various processes like
weathering, erosion mass movement, and transportation. It results in lowering the
Q.7 level of the land, rounding exposed rock surfaces, and leveling the peaks
2
1. A rise in a seawater level is called a high tide. A fall in a seawater level is
called low tide. At the time of high tide, sea water is very close to the coast.
At the time of low tide, sea water is far away from the coast.
2. The ocean currents are of two types - the warm currents and the cold 2
currents. The warm currents flow from the equatorial region towards the
poles. The cold currents flow from the poles to towards the equatorial regions
3. Effect on Climate — The climate of the coasts becomes warm or cool 3
according to the current washing the coast which may be warm or cool.
2. Effect on Marine life — Ocean currents move organic material off the
coast which is the food of planktons
3.Effect on commerce — some ports are covered with snow throughout the 3
year but when the warm ocean current flow over there they become active.
4. i) the tidal range differs from one body water body to another because it high
tide and low tide. the high tide and low tide causes because of the
gravitational forces the tidal range is not stable but varies depending on the
location of the Moon
ii) The earth's rotation and strong seasonal winds push surface water away from
some western coasts, so water rises on the western edges of continents to replace
it, which is why the ocean is so much colder on the east coast than the west coast.
" This is the reason why warm current produce a milder climate
iii) The earth's rotation and strong seasonal winds push surface water away from
some western coasts, so water rises on the western edges of continents to replace
it, which is why the ocean is so much colder on the east coast than the west coast.
Q.8 " This is the reason why warm current produce a milder climate 2

1. The composition of gases in the atmosphere are: nitrogen is about 78% and
oxygen is 21% and the remaining 1% mostly has argon, carbon dioxide and
other gases like hydrogen, helium, neon, krypton, xenon, methane, ozone and
water vapor. Apart from these gases, tiny dust particles are also present in our 2
atmosphere
2. Insolation is the amount of solar energy received by the earth. Out of 100% Only
51% of the insolation reaches the surface of the earth as out of remaining 49%, 3
35% of insolation is directly reflected back to the space by atmosphere and the
rest 14% is absorbed by the ozone layer
3. During the day the sea breeze blowing towards the land from the sea keeps the 3
 coastal region cool and during the night the land breeze blowing from the land
towards the sea makes the sea cooler.
4. Chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs are the main cause of ozone layer depletion.
These are released by solvents, spray aerosols, refrigerators, air-conditioners, etc.
Other factors for the depletion of the Ozone layer are Volcanoes which give out
sulphur dioxide Solar Storms which give out solar flares. 2

Q.9
1. Permanent winds: They blow all year round, also straight. Example: Trade spirit,
2
western, easterlies. Periodic winds: Strikes from time to time and does not
continue. They changed their directions
2. The two major types of variable winds are cyclones and anticyclones. They are
called variable because they do not blow in any definite direction and their 3
direction varies with the movement of the pressure system.
3. Local winds are the winds which are restricted to a certain area only. They may
be cold or warm depending on the area in which they are blowing.
Examples of Local winds are – Loo, flowing in the northern India and Pakistan
- Chinook, flowing in the USA and Canada 3
- Mistral, flowing in the France

4. i) In tropical regions, the air is greatly humid due to excess of evaporation

creating low-pressure conditions, while the cold regions with less humidity are
high-pressure areas. So, the humid air is lighter than dry air.
ii) The rotation of the Earth deflects wind to the right in the Northern
Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
iii) Coasts receive more rainfall than the interior of the continents because the
humidity in the clouds is high when they are at the coast. When they reach the
interior of the continents, they have already shed water in the form of rain, and so,
Q.10 they do not have much humidity left to cause rainfall
2

2
1. Condensation nuclei are the tiny particles (typically 0.2 micrometer in size) in
the air that water vapor can condense on to form water droplets. They are
essential for cloud formation 3
2. The different types of precipitation include rain, snow, sleet, freezing rain, hail,
drizzle, and ice crystals. The most common form of precipitation is Rain which
is succeeded of snow and hail.
3. Relative humidity is the ratio between the water vapor actually present in the air 3
and its capacity to hold water vapor at a given temperature. In Absolute humidity,
the weight of water vapor is taken in grams and the volume of air is in the cubic
meter.
4. Convectional rainfall generally occurs in the equatorial regions where the
temperature and rate of evaporation is quite high. The height of the clouds in this
type of region is very low.
Orographic rainfall: This type of rainfall is also known as relief rainfall. When 2
moisture bearing winds strike a mountain range, it is forced to ascend or go up.

Q.11 2
1. Natural pollution takes place by increasing the quantity of Carbon dioxide and
Nitrogen oxide in the atmosphere but man-made pollution is done by using
pesticides chemical fertilizers. 3
2. The construction sites are considered as worse than factories in their contribution
to noise pollution because whatever construction takes place noise emissions
levels are higher as well as the equipment is inherently noisy
3. The accumulation of nutrients and chemicals in the water proves fatal for the
marine organisms as the nutrient accumulation results in phenomenal growth of 3
 phytoplankton and algae, thereby reducing the penetration of oxygen, light and
heat into the water body.
4. The measures which an individual can take to reduce consumption of energy and
to create a cleaner environment are: Use extra blankets and sweaters instead of
using room heaters. Likewise, in summer, dress in light, cotton clothes to save on
air conditioning costs and energy.
2

Q.12 1. The Mediterranean climate gets its name from the climate found around the 2
Mediterranean Sea. This climate is found in the north-western and south western
tips of Africa.
2. Rubber and ebony
3. Temperate grasslands are largely devoid of trees with less rainfall than 3
savannas. Steppes have shorter grasses whereas prairies have taller grasses due to
higher precipitation
4. I) The temperature is uniformly high in the Equatorial area due to its location
within the Torrid belt. At and around the equator, the sun's rays are virtually 3
vertical, with a high angle of incidence that varies between 66.5° and 90°
throughout the year
ii) The Taiga region is covered with an extensive belt of evergreen coniferous
trees with lumbering and fur industry as main occupations. So, these forests are
kept safe and no deforestation is done for any agricultural occupation and
human settlements, so it is less populated
iii)In the Indian subcontinent, there are three distinct seasons i.e., the hot dry
season, the rainy season and the cool, dry season. The main cause for seasonal climate
is the differential rate of heating of land and sea.1