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Unit II Inheritance Interface Packages

The document covers key concepts in Java programming, including inheritance, interfaces, and packages. It explains different types of inheritance, the use of the final keyword, and the structure of interfaces. Additionally, it discusses the organization of classes and interfaces into packages, along with methods for accessing and importing them.

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156 views3 pages

Unit II Inheritance Interface Packages

The document covers key concepts in Java programming, including inheritance, interfaces, and packages. It explains different types of inheritance, the use of the final keyword, and the structure of interfaces. Additionally, it discusses the organization of classes and interfaces into packages, along with methods for accessing and importing them.

Uploaded by

poojalandge1295
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit II: Inheritance, Interface, and Packages

2.1 Inheritance

Inheritance is a mechanism in object-oriented programming that allows a class (subclass) to inherit

properties and behaviors

(fields and methods) from another class (superclass). This promotes code reuse and establishes a

relationship between classes.

Types of Inheritance:

1. Single Inheritance: A subclass inherits from one superclass.

2. Multilevel Inheritance: A class inherits from a subclass, forming a hierarchy.

3. Hierarchical Inheritance: Multiple classes inherit from the same superclass.

Method Overriding:

- When a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method already defined in its superclass.

Final Keyword:

- Final Variables: Constants that cannot be modified once initialized.

- Final Methods: Methods that cannot be overridden by subclasses.

The 'super' Keyword:

- Used to access superclass methods and constructors.

Abstract Methods and Classes:

- Abstract Class: Cannot be instantiated and may contain abstract methods.

- Abstract Method: Declared without implementation, must be implemented by subclasses.


2.2 Interfaces

An interface in Java is a reference type, similar to a class, that can contain only abstract methods,

static methods,

and final variables. Interfaces specify what a class must do but not how it does it.

Defining and Implementing Interfaces:

- An interface is defined using the 'interface' keyword.

- A class implements an interface using the 'implements' keyword.

Accessing Interface Variables and Methods:

- Interface variables are public, static, and final by default.

- Methods in an interface are abstract by default.

Extending Interfaces:

- An interface can extend another interface using the 'extends' keyword.

2.3 Packages

A package in Java is a namespace that organizes classes and interfaces. It helps avoid name

conflicts and enhances modularity.

Types of Packages:

1. Built-in Packages: Provided by Java (e.g., [Link], [Link]).

2. User-defined Packages: Created by developers.

Naming and Creating Packages:

- A package is declared using the 'package' keyword at the top of the Java source file.
Accessing Packages:

- Classes and interfaces from packages can be accessed using the 'import' statement.

Import Statement:

- 'import [Link];' or 'import package.*;' to import specific classes or all classes from a

package.

Static Import:

- Allows access to static members of a class directly without class reference (e.g., 'import static

[Link].*').

Adding Classes and Interfaces to a Package:

- New classes and interfaces can be added by placing the source files in the package directory and

compiling them.

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