BUSINESS PLAN
This paper was created to fulfill the task of Midwifery Entrepreneur.
Lecturer:
Dr. Hj. Yeni Fitriyaningsih, SST., M.Kes
Compiled By:
1. Yuhana Apriliyani P20624222039
2. Yulisa Nurul Syifa P20624222040
KEMENTERIAN KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA
POLITEKNIK KEMENTERIAN KESEHATAN
TASIKMALAYA
PROGRAM STUDI D III KEBIDANAN CIREBON
JL. Pemuda No. 38 Cirebon City
2023
FOREWORD
Thank God Almighty for giving the group the opportunity to finish this paper. By his
grace and wisdom the group was able to complete a paper entitled "Business Plan".
Prepared to fulfill the tasks in the Midwifery Entrepreneurship course of the
Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya Cirebon Midwifery Study Program. In addition,
the group also hopes that this paper can add insight for readers. The group would like
to thank Dr. Hj. Yeni Fitriyaningsih, SST., M.Kes as a lecturer in Midwifery
Entrepreneurship course. The tasks that have been given can increase knowledge and
insight related to the field occupied by the group. The group would also like to thank
all parties who have helped in the process of preparing this paper.
The group realized the paper was far from perfect. Therefore, constructive criticism
and suggestions will be accepted by the group for the perfection of this paper.
Cirebon, 14 August 2023
Constituent
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD..................................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS..............................................................................................II
CHAPTER I...................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................1
A.Background..............................................................................................................
1............................................................................................................................
B. Problem Statement..................................................................................................
2............................................................................................................................
C.Goal..........................................................................................................................
2............................................................................................................................
CHAPTER II.................................................................................................................3
DISCUSSION................................................................................................................3
A. Definition of Business Plan....................................................................................
3............................................................................................................................
B.Business location......................................................................................................
5............................................................................................................................
CHAPTER III..............................................................................................................11
CONCLUDING...........................................................................................................11
A.Conclusion...............................................................................................................
11..........................................................................................................................
B.Advice......................................................................................................................
11..........................................................................................................................
BIBLIOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................12
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
Business Planning is an important thing for companies that will run a
business. Business planning is made after the company makes a business
feasibility study and produces a conclusion that the business is feasible to run.
The need for a business plan becomes absolute if we are going to run a
business, because business planning itself is like a map and compass to run a
business. Through careful planning we can set the main goals of our business,
scale priorities, and set targets to be achieved. With a good business plan will
make the chances of success of our business run will be higher.
Some consider that a business plan or business plan is just a formality
because without a business plan someone can still run a business. However,
the existence of a business plan is very important as a tool to be a guide and
tool to find investor support for those who are about to start a business, or
who are developing a business.
In making a business plan, choosing a business location is the main
thing to consider. Strategic location is one of the important factors and greatly
determines the success of a business. Many things must be considered in
choosing a location, as one of the fundamental factors, which greatly affects
income and costs, both fixed costs and variable costs. The location of the
business will also relate to the issue of transportation efficiency, the nature of
raw materials or the nature of the product, and the ease of reaching
consumers. Location also affects the comfort of buyers and also your comfort
as a business owner. For novice entrepreneurs, you should be careful in
determining the location of the business, not to choose the location.
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B. Problem Statement
"How do you choose a business location in starting a business plan?"
C. Purpose
So that we are able to determine a good and correct business location
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. Understanding Business Plan
Business plan according to Bygrave: business plan is a document that
convincingly demonstrates the ability of your business to sell enough of its
product or service to make a satisfactory profit and be attractive to potential
backers.
A better definition: A business plan is a selling document that conveys
the excitement and promise of your business to any potential backers or
stakeholders. (Bygrave 1994: 114)
This means that a Business Plan is a document that expresses
confidence in the ability of a business to sell goods or services by generating
satisfactory and attractive profits for funders. A better definition states that a
business plan is a selling document that reveals the attractiveness and
expectations of a business to potential funders.
Bygrave further explained that: A business plan is a document
provided by an entrepreneur in accordance with the views of his professional
advisor that contains details about the past, present state and future tendencies
of a company. The content includes analysis of managerial, physical state of
the building, employees, products, sources of capital, information about the
course of the company so far and the market position of the company. The
Business Plan also contains details of profits, company balance sheets, cash
flow projections for the next two years. It also contains views and ideas from
members of the management team. This concerns the company's goal strategy
to be achieved.
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Business plans are made in the form of short-term or long-term which
are first followed for the current three years. A business plan is a travel plan or
road map that will be followed by entrepreneurs. The business plan seems to
answer the question: Where am I now? Where am I going? How will I get
there? Based on this definition, judging from the purpose of business can be
grouped into two groups, namely:
1. Profit-oriented business is a business that is established solely for the
purpose of obtaining profits to improve the welfare of owners and
employees and to develop the business further.
For example, cigarette companies, shoe companies and many more.
2. Business that is not profit-oriented (non-profit oriented) A business
that is not profit-oriented is a business that is established with the main
purpose of social interests.
For example: foundations - social foundations. Business can be
divided into five types, namely:
a. Extractive business: a business engaged in the excavation of
mining goods.
b. Agrarian business: business engaged in agriculture, including
fishing, animal husbandry, plantations and forestry.
c. Industrial business: a business engaged in processing
(manufacturing), which is a business with the aim of changing
useful goods into more useful.
d. Service business: a business engaged in the provision of
intangible products.
e. Trading business (retail): a business that sells finished goods
by increasing the selling price of the finished goods.
B. Business location
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The determination of the location of an industry or business depends
largely on the purpose for which the industry or business was established. In
addition, it also depends on the capacity and type of industry or business
being run. Various factors need to be considered in choosing a location. The
most important factor is the cost resulting from the placement of the industry
or business in the chosen location. Low costs become the goal of decision
makers, because locations with low costs will be able to compete with other
competitors.
In addition to low costs, what needs to be considered is the guarantee
of security from the government and public acceptance of the industry or
business established. Heizer & Render (2005) explain that location decisions
often depend on the type of business. For industrial location decisions, the
strategy used is usually a strategy to minimize costs, while for retail and
professional services businesses, the strategy used is focused on maximizing
revenue.
The determination of industrial or business locations today has been
facilitated by well-built infrastructure and ease of conducting transactions
with the support of reliable technology. Even to do business, many have run
through e-commerce because of the ease and cheapness of transactions. E-
Commerce is a process of buying and selling products electronically by
consumers and from company to company with computers as intermediaries
for business transactions (Laudon &; Laudon, 1998). The development of
information technology encourages business development through
cyberspace, so that business offices do not require deep consideration in
determining the location.
1. Location Factors
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The factors affecting the determination of location are divided
into primary and secondary factors. Primary factors are factors that
directly affect the production and distribution of industry or business.
While secondary factors are supporting factors for the industry or
business to be run. The primary factors often considered by location
decision makers are (Purnomo, 2004):
a. Proximity to the source of raw materials The availability of
raw materials is the main thing, because without raw materials,
the production process will experience many obstacles and can
even result in the cessation of the production process
b. Labor availability
The labor factor is an important factor for a company, because
the success and failure of achieving company goals is also
influenced by labor factors. Each region will have different
labor characteristics due to the influence of its environment,
customs and culture.
c. Proximity to the market
Companies that place their factory locations close to
consumers (marketing areas) have several main reasons
including, by being close to consumers, the results of
production will quickly reach consumers. This is closely
related to the nature of the goods produced. Production goods
with a relatively short level of durability must immediately
reach the hands of consumers to reduce the level of damage to
an item
d. Transportation Transport concerns the process of transporting
raw materials from the source of raw materials to the factory
and the process of transporting finished or semi-finished
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products to the market. Transportation problems basically do
not only concern the availability of transportation facilities
such as fleets of trucks, box cars, trains, and ships, but also
include the condition of road facilities, the location of train
stations, sea and air ports. Determination of the optimal
transportation medium should be done by reviewing the cost
and distance traveled.
e. Energy sources The factory's need for energy sources is quite
large, for that the company must get enough electric power
supply. Otherwise, it will greatly disrupt the company's
operation process, and will even stop all company production
activities.
While secondary factors that are often considered in determining
location are (Purnomo, 2004):
a. Water availability
Water for industrial needs, generally available from
three main sources, namely: (1) surface water, namely water
derived from water sources, such as rivers, lakes; (2) ground
water, which is water that comes from a water source in the
body; and (3) water coming from rain reservoirs.
b. Local regulations and tax systems
Ease of licensing and low taxes will affect the process
of selecting a factory site. For regions that want to attract
investors, the local government tends to facilitate licensing and
reduce taxes. The high and low ofa tax and the difficulty of
easy licensing depend on the policy of the government of a
country/region.
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c. For some industries, this attitude of society is very important to
pay attention to because this community is what will become.
d. prespective employee Climate
A climate that meets the standards will increase worker
performance which will also increase production output.
Therefore, many companies establish companies in areas
where the climate is in accordance with production activities
Housing facilities and other supporting facilities Facilities such
as housing and other facilities are supporting factors to
improve the peace and comfort of employees, therefore it
needs to be considered for the Company The Company's future
plans In general, the establishment of the company is
accompanied by the expectation that.
e. The company will be usable for a long time and will grow to
be even bigger.
2. Location Determination Method
a. Scoring Method
The scoring method is a subjective method of
determining location by giving weight to each factor that
determines location. In the method, input from stakeholders is
needed by noting the factors that are considered to influence in
determining the location. Next, each factor is weighted
according to the priority scale and score. The final result is to
multiply the weights by the score and choose the highest
number of weights
b. Break-even analysis
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Determination of location using break-even analysis
taking into account fixed, variable costs and expected
production quantities. Changes in the amount of production
will affect site selection decisions.
c. Gravity Center
The center of gravity method is known as centroid
method or gravity method or center of gravity method. This
method is a mathematical technique to determine the location
that aims to minimize costs. The calculation of this method
determines the location distance and weight is generally
expressed as shipping cost.
d. Median method
This method is used to determine the location of a
single facility, with the aim of placing a new facility by
minimizing the total cost between the old facility and the new
facility.
e. Transport methods
The transportation method is a model used to determine
the optimal amount of delivery from a source to a destination.
The source in this case the supplier and destination is demand.
The purpose of the transportation method is to find the
minimum cost of shipping a certain amount of products or raw
materials from source to destination.
f. Brown-Gibson method
This method is a method of combining objective and
subjective methods. Objective factors are determined from the
costs incurred when establishing facilities in each alternative
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location. Subjective factors are determined from the rating of
each subjective factor and paired comparisons are made.
CHAPTER III
COVER
A. Conclusion
In making a business plan, choosing a business location is the
main thing to consider. Strategic location is one of the important factors and
greatly determines the success of a business. Many things must be considered
in choosing a location, as one of the fundamental factors, which greatly
affects income and costs, both fixed costs and variable costs. The location of
the business will also relate to the issue of transportation efficiency, the nature
of raw materials or the nature of the product, and the ease of reaching
consumers.
B. Suggestion
Thus the subject of this paper that we can explain, we really hope this
paper can be useful and help many people. However, due to limited
knowledge and references. We realize this paper is far from perfect.
Therefore, suggestions and constructive criticism are expected so that this
paper can be better prepared in the future.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Arda, M., &; et al. (2022). Perencanaan bisnis dan cara mudah untuk
mengembangkan rencana bisnis. Medan: UMSU PRESS.
Munawaroh, M., &; et al. (2019). Business Planning. Yogyakarta: LP3M.
Rangkuti, F. (2006). BUSINESS PLAN . Jakarta: PT SUN.
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