CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents various literature and studies which are related to the
present study gathered by the researchers through their reading on the subject.
Related Literature
Gadgets goes almost as far as the existence of humanity,when its began to
make tools for making life easier. There is no individual in this world that has no
gadgets, especially the student’s nowadays. Gadgets were thought of as novelties in
the beginning because of the unfamiliarity with gadgets;people were willing to
accept this new technology.
Gadgets span as far as humanity itself since hominids began creating tools to
make lives easier. Today, industry has augmented the creation of new gadgets, while
certain retailers, including Brookstone and Richard Thalheiemer’s Richardsolo.com,
specialize in popularizing them.
“Certainly most people enjoy the novelty of a gadget that introduces new
convenience to their lifestyle. What they forget is that solving these everyday
problems is not just entertainment, but some of these devices become functional
necessities.”
Richard Thalheimer, RichardSolo.com
Both his former brainchild and his current venture sell quirky, useful and fun gadgets
of all types, from mechanical to programmable and application. He has seen some
devices, such as the Ionic Breeze air purifier, spur sensational and lasting trends
based on a realization of utility value, while others collected dust on the shelves after
their novelty wore out. Specially like The Sharper Image and Richard Thalheimer’s
RichardSolo.com serve a greater purpose: spread new ideas, and give credit to the
Franklins and Edisons of the world.(Atmon 2008).
Earlier days a gadget used to mean a device, which was meant to do
something amazing. Today there are so many devices of this kind that it’s impossible
to explain, where the gadget lies between a gadget and a device lies. For example, a
digital is mainly called a device (or just a camera), though a new and stylish mobile
phone with many modern applications and functions would be called a gadget. The
line between the two expressions became really unclear.
The word “gadget” could be defined as a new, strange device, mostly used for
ammusement: yet also for household and security. Whereas a ‘device’ means any
tool or instrument used during a particular job to achieve the desired result.
In some ways the only difference between these two words could be defined as they
have almost the same sense, though a gadget is always a device, but a device is not
only a gadget.
Jessica White(2005) said that, technology has completely changed the scope
of education in america. Most states require a technology aspect to their school
improvements plans. They have embraced the idea that using technology in their
classroom makes the subject anything from math to art-more accessible to many
kinds of students. Educators, administrators, parents and students are so well-versed
in technology that it has become norm in the most economically disadvantaged
schools.
She also stated that controversy exist about some students having access too much
information. Some internet sites are not monitored by educational sources. Students
who have not been taught the proper way to research on the internet might make a
research hypothesis based on a website whose informatiob is untrustworthy.
Educators should be cautious and explain exactly what their expectations to their
students are. Plagiarizing-detection software checks that students aren’t atealing
information in using it as their own research. However, this software wasn’t available
when much of the controversy first became an issue.
Mayer, Griffith, Jurkowitz, and Rothman 2008 according to them technology
devices may effect the learning performance of the students in negative result if they
failed to use property those devices in a right way. Guide for designing interactive
teaching for the world guide web the internet used to exchange informations in
hyper formats and dynamic electronic network that permits computers connected
anywhere on that network to exchange information. It is different from worldwide
where learning is fostered and supported(Brooks, 2007). As what Brooks explained
he says that through the use of technological devices the learning performance of
the student’s may affected.
Most of our youth and students today are found of going into internet shop
to use computer without knowledge of their parents what they are up to do. They
will ask money from their parents telling that they have something to search in the
internetfor their project or aasignment although others do so, but there are some
who just make it as an alibi so that they can complement shills with their peers
theough playinggames online like war craft, battle realms, cross fire, clash of clans ,
etc. (Khan, 2007). Foreign studies in the field of computer- assisted language learning
(CALL) designed the term net generation and the same was clearly defined by
Prensky(2010). Net generation memebers members are digital, music players, video
cams, cell phones and all the other toys and talls of the digital age which make them
different from the other generations.
The edited book by Oxford and Oxford(2009) describes empirical studies art
tools, offering pedagogical ideas, effective strategies and useful suggestion on how
these technologies could be applied enhance language teaching and learning also.
Educational technology usage in practice teaching can make insturction to be much
more interesting and enjoyable. The changing images and use of special effects
among others can reduce boredom on the part of learners. Further, classroom
interaction (Wainer, 2009).
It is easier to store information that computers enable better and it is a more
robust storage of information which replaced notebooks. Hundred pages of a book
can be compacted into a tiny memory chip. It takes hours to write, but it takes only
seconds to type is a storing data and has become much easier, owing to technology
(Prasad anf Jones , 2008). Moreover, information is easily accessable.
Technology has eliminated space and time constraints. Online education and
distance learning have given a new diemnsion to education and higher learning. Even
if students are geographically far away from each other they can be a part of one
classroom though not physically but virtually, they can.
Local literature technology also saves teaching time as they require short
time to present large information. They caan used the imaginative power. As a
whole, media.
Another study found that integrating technology and peer-led discussions of
literatture can produce increased student engagement and motivation.
Technology used in these small group discussion of literature includes wikis, online
literature circles, and online book clubs. With these technologies, students were able
to connect with readers from other schools,states, and even other countries. This
type of technology is an assessable and motivational way to expose students to
other ideas and cultures. These online literature discussions have ability to create a
sense of community and foste positive social interaction(coffey, 2012).
The use of technology in education has significantly aided in performing their
school-related tasks. Clegg and Bailey (2008) assert that with the utilization of mobile
devices such as laptops and tablets computers, the learning process for the students
become more fun and conducive due to the user-interactivity and appealing of
learning games and applications exist for these mobile devices, and as a matter of
fact, there are about 96,00 educational applications available (App Store Metrics,
2013). The data collected by apps in education (2013) confirmed that the subject
areas coverred by these applications include Mathematics, Science, Grammar, an
Spelling an Arts and Humanities (Clegg&Bailey, 2008).
Related Studies
According to the National School Boards Association (nsba.org) study (2006),
technology has large impact on student’s achievement across the subject area
classes. This means that no matter what subject a student is using technology in,
there has been some sort of positive impact. The same study showed that the
students can use the internet to become a better researcher, communicate with a
wider variety of people and become better analytical thinkers. The use of technology
in the classroom has changed greatly from its early use and continues to improve
todays as technology changes along with times.
The effects of technology in the classroom are so wide-reaching that educators are
still utilizing different aspects from computer-based assessments and progress
monitoring to opening up the world’s potential for their students. The state of
Florida uses FAIR (Florida Assessments for Instruction in Reading), a computer-based
method of assessment that allows teachers to access right-there information on
their student’s reading levels, possible teaching indicators, screening diagnostic and
almost instant progress monitoring at the student’s reading aptitude. The
information is available almost instantly after students take the assessment, allowing
teachers a nearly immediate time frame in which to use that information in
classroom and assessment procedures. Students have the benefit of being able to
access information from an almost unlimited resource. Teachers have the ability to
quickly communicate with other educators from all over the world to collaborate on
lesson planning and staff development. Parents have access to their student’s
discipline, attendance and grade reports.
In the classroom, all types of students can use technology. Not just who are at the
top of educational food chain, but even those “lower quartile” students who have
access to technology in their classroom have made incredible learning gains. No
Child Left Behind (NCLB) defines learning gains as gains made in education from one
school year to the next as measured the state standardized testing. (NCLB) identifies
these “lower quartile” students as those whose schools have over 75 percent of
lower-income pupils with a need for Title I Federal funds, Reading First Federal
funds, etc.). Blogging, reading and response journals for students and teachers, and
software to help students read at grade level are just some of the potential uses of
technology in the classroom that keep the students involved and active as well as
excited about learning.
Andrea Hermitt (2007) as written in her study, in lesson integration, by incorporating
technology into lessons, students will become more engaged in and excited about
the subject at hand. Lessons that would normally be tedious for many, such as
science and technology can be much more engaging with virtual field trips and
streaming video. In exploration, gadgets allow through exploring the internet and
doing research. The act of looking up information and researching papers with such
an extensive resource can keep students engaged in a project and learning far longer
than they would do with a set of encyclopedias, while in terms of special needs in
classrooms, each student is able to go at his or her own pace with the help of
technology. This allows the students get individual instruction directly from the
computer, which allows the teacher to accomplished more while feeling less
stretched. Special needs students who are handicapped can also make use of
assistive technology which can allow them to communicate better.
On the other hand, finding the right materials online to integrate into a lesson is not
always easy. This means teachers may spend a lot more time planning lessons and
become overwhelmed and frustrated. Some students will explore beyond the
bounds and parameters of the project and become distracted by other activities that
they find on internet. Special needs technology can be very expensive and take an
inordinate amount of money to acquire and operate.
Margaret Kay (2008) mentioned that the growth and prevalence of modern
technology has opened up the ways in which teachers can communicate ideas to
their students. Kids frequently use and participate in technology in a non-academic
setting through video games, television, cell phones and the internet. As students
progress through the schooling system, they may be required to use technologies to
research and present their ideas. Thus, incorporating technology into the classroom
curriculum may not only be a familiar way of communicating with today’s techno-
savvy children but also necessary in preparing them in an increasingly technological
society.
Kate Bradley (2009) said that, as technology becomes more prevalent in everyday
life, schools have an obligation to ensure that students are prepared to use that
technology in workplace. Beyond the obligation, however, are myriad advantages to
using technology and electronic gadgets in the classroom. In learning options,
technology has none of the barriers of traditional teaching methods such as lecturing
which is typically structured toward a specific learning style. With technology,
students have the options of learning visually, textually, through auditory means or
even with a hands-on approach, manipulating physical objects instead f simply
watching or reading about them. One student may extract understanding from a
well-written article online, while another may get the same information from a
youtube video. Teachers now have far more flexibility in their lessons plans along
with resources for reaching and engaging every student. With so many technological
options to accommodate different learning styles, the chances for student’s success
increases significantly.
As cited also in her study, in quality of information with technology and the
availability of internet in the classroom, an entire world of information opens up to
students have access to the world’s most up-to-date and relevant information from
diverse global sources. They also have to access to sources with a more exciting
interactive approach to the subject. With experience, students learn to quickly
distinguish between reputable and non-reputable sources, enabling them to glean
large amount of information in a short time.
In contrary to the conclusion of others, Cynthia Roberson (2011) she concludes that,
teaching and learning in today’s school can be quite challenging for teachers and
students alike. Not only have expectations changed for the teachers, but students
also are expected to learn a lot more and at earlier grade than before. Using gadgets
in the classroom such as iPods, smart boards and digital electronic devices, satisfies
the growing list of technology standards and prepares students beyond K-12
classroom.
Gadgets also help to make the learning environment interesting and engaging.
As we move toward a more digital society, kids are being exposed to technology and
digital device at a young age .So when they come to school, they have little to no
patience for lecture style teaching. Students are seeking a high tech digital
experience in the classroom. And while they may not get this exactly, with the
continual use of various digital and high-tech gadgets, they are coming close.
Gadgets that are improving the quality of education in today’s school. The impetus
for incorporating technology standards into the curriculum for most school systems
is preparation for real life. Because society is becoming more technologically
advanced school systems are have to keep up with trends to better prepare students
for life outside of school.
James Kendrick (2013) according to his study he emphasize that drives mobile device
has improved a lot those days, and especially in the last ten years. Mobile gadgets
have gotten smaller, more powerful, and very useful. They are everywhere and play
increasingly greeter roles in the lives of most everyone .Availability of mobile device
is rapidly spreading throughout the world and making significant improvements in
many lives.
Mobile technology, in the form of phones , tablets , and notebooks, is making our
lives better than ever before. It does this in many ways, not the least of which
making communications routine. We can be in touch with those we need to reach,
whether for educational purpose, work related or personal in nature.
Kate Coen (2013) she stressed that, modern technologies like television and
computers provide identifiable educational advantages, such as greater access to
information and more compelling presentation of that information. Over-use of
technology, though, especially such gadgets as cellphones, I Pods and video games,
presents a whole range of problems which may interfere with a student ability to
learn and attend to lessons a2c.cording to him in terms of social networking.
Students who use their gadgets to participates in social networking sites may post
material considered inappropriate by school authorities. They may also develop an
unfavorable reputation based on those picture or comments. Pictures of
misbehavior can adversely affect their chances of getting into the university of their
choices or of getting a job.
As he mentioned also the creativity of pupils in school in the post, children and
young people filled up their free time by reading books, socializing, or engaging in
active, creative play. A fixation an gadgets reduce participation in of all these,
especially the aspect of creation. Digital worlds can be vast, but they are always
structured not requiring the imagination and invention and inventiveness of
unstructured play. Some children become less creative and less able to entertain
themselves.
As cited also in his study due to devotion of children and young people to gaming,
texting, talking on the phone or socializing online. Some pupils may attempt to do
this in class, with disrupts their learning, and at home it detracts from study time.
Kids putting in long hours on their gadgets will give less attention to assignments and
may be irritable when they are away from their gadgets. They might also sleep less,
which can slow down their thinking the next day.
John Ireland (2014) mentioned that with advances in technology, student study
habits have dramatically changed. Technology has affected the way teachers
presents information; slaving over books in the library and scribbling down notes on
paper.
The internet allows students to access virtually all in information that is publicly
available from the comfort of their homes. They do not need to travel or even to go
to a library. Books are scanned in to the internet, museums have work available
online, and college library sites offer online access to academic journals. The role of
professors has slowly changed; they are no longer the dispensers of information but
instead facilitate learning by providing guidelines and recommended resources.
Although it’s easier to access more information, he mentioned that, it’s also easier to
become distracted from work when using technology an affliction known as
DAD(divided attention discover). With the temptation to check balances, speak to
someone on a smart phone or download a song available at the click of a button,
many students have trouble finishing essays or doing some important reading.
Local Literature
Laurilla (2009) obtained varied facts, she implied that the use of mobile phones are
common to younger sector of the society. Report from “Media Use Statistics” said
that almost two-thirds of the teenagers today are cellular phone owners. The youths
are expected to be frequent texters, since they grew along the modernization and
technological innovation of cellular pside from thathones. Because of this, there is a
raging nationasl debate about the state of writing and how high-tech communication
by teens might be affecting their ability to think and write.
Aside from Laurilla, a research on the use of shorthand method of texting was
conducted by Tiempo (2009). He said that another form of communication in texting
is code-switching. This is common to a number of Cebuano people. Tiempo says that
code switching is a natural bilingual behavior that usually happens in any informal
conversations, whether it is direct or indirect. Through his qualitative method of
analysis, this study of Tiempo entitled “Cebuano Code-Switching”, text jargon, and
Fricative Productive in Short Messaging Services (SMS) found that there is no
significant differences between the texting styles of both males and females.
Related Studies
Montiel and Estuar (2009) made a study about the usage of mobile phones
nowadays and they concluded that text messaging is the most effective way of
communicating with other people. A, it is the fastest and cheapest among the
communication technologies of the new generation because of its sending shortened
messages (SMS) or texting feature. This feature allows people to communicate with
each other regardless of how far they are from each other. Thus, texting feature
made mobile phones very popular in our country, that even the youth are getting
hooked up to this new form of technology.
Estuar research showed that there is a high rate of ownership and high rate of usage
of cellular phones regardless of what school or gender students’ belong. Private
school students were more frequent users of cost-incurring features, whereas public
school students were more frequent of no-cost features of mobile phones. The
former have also have a higher rate of texting compared to their public schools
counter parts. In addition, the number of days one can survive without a cellular
phone or without having to exchange messages is higher among males public school.
An example of that would show the rapidly growing popularity of cellular phones is
the report from Sify news (as cited in Proysen,2009) about a 13 year old girl from
California who had sent 14, 258 messages in a month (13th January 2009).
These communication gadgets are used by adolescents not only for communication
purposes but also for maintaining their relationships with other people. Cellphones
provide them the ability to show who they are and to express what they feel through
texting feature. According to Pertierra et. Al.(as cited in Estuar, 2009), the cellular
phone is like an extension of one’s self. Compared to other forms of communication
that the new world offers like the telephones and electronic mail, mobile phone
technology greatly augments the non-confrontational nature of Filipinos.
Mark Griffiths (2010) mentioned in his study that, a lot of media coverage was given
to research carried out on young children’s technology use by the US pressure group
Common Sense Media and electronic learning experts V-tech. Based on a survey, 1,
463 parents of children aged under eight, it was reported that 38 percent of children
aged under two years of age had used iPhones and/or kindles for playing games or
watching films. The study called “Zero to Eight” Children Media Use in America, 2013
also reported that one in three young children use a mobile phone or tablet before
they can talk; 29 percent of children started using electronic gadgets as toddlers;
children under two spent an average of 15 minutes a day using electronic gadgets;
and that children between two nd four spent an average of two hours a day
watching television.
Engaging with technology is good for children in moderation, but that excess
involvement with all things electronic may have a downside. Over the last decade,
ther have been countless independent research projects all claiming to ive pointers
as to the long term effects of children spending more and more time in front of the
screen. There appears to be a movement that automatically views technology as the
way forward on lot of things, particularly in education, and that the only way of self-
betterment among our children is through increasing technology use. That is not to
say that technology does not have positive side. a low (2011) according to him, he
stated that teens pick up quickly on advances in technology. Whether it’s a new app
everyone’s using at school, anew social media platform or a gadget, technology is a
pervasive part of human’s social lives. According to Pew research, 78 percent of
teens use the internet and 93 percent of teens have access to a computer at home.
Though technology itself doesn’t spell disaster for your teen’s well-being, it’s
important to educate yourself on influence.
Late nigh screen time is linked to increase stress, depression and sleep disorders,
according to a 2012 study at the Birmingham maple Clinic. If your teen seems so
exhausted, unable to finish school work or uninterested in activities he used to
enjoy, technology may be influencing his mental health. Encourage your teen to
unplug an hour or so before bedtime and do another activity for relaxation (e.g.
journal writing and reading books) and model this kind of evening relaxation
yourself. Another is peer pressure, has always had a hold on teen behavior and social
media plays a key role in your child’s decision. A UW Madison study states that teen
s are more likely to engage in drinking, drug use or sex if their peers boast about
these activities on social media. Kids younger than 16 are especially likely to believe
any picture or status updates they see are true, according to the study. Also because
teens don’t often realize the permanence of things they post to the internet, they’re
likely to make impulsive decisions (texting nude photos, for example) that will hurt
social lives.
Steve Johnson (2012) gadgets make many things more efficient but like every other
aspect of life, they come with their own set of advantages as well. As stated in his
study, as of 2011, electronic gadgets account for 15 percent of total household
electricity consumption worldwide, as reported by the International Energy agency.
By 2022, that number will double, by current estimates. Electronic gadgets have seen
a revolution. In the past, most gadget served a single purpose: phones called people,
TV’s showed television shows. Now, gadgets are evolving to be multi-purpose tools.
Mobile phones today not only call, but most allow texting, email, web-surfing and a
host of other features. These gadgets whether a computer or phone allow people to
stay more organized, stay in constant communication and gain access to the outside
world much more easily than was ever possible without electronic gadgetry.
Electronic devices are designed to save time and make people more efficient. For
many people, the increase of new inventions takes up more time. An efficient gadget
might actually provide someone with less free time due to assortment of additions
it’s providing. They make work that was once impossible without a physical office
hub.
Chris Rowling (2013) concluded that, many have claimed the computer is the single
greatest invention of the last century, and there are now more and more computers
making it in to the classroom. This is of great importance to children as they are very
few jobs left anymore where a computer is not well as other classes where computer
programs are used as an alternative to standard teaching. The presence of
computers in classrooms has not only given children the chance to learn how to
operate computers nut has also allowed for a major change in the way educators
teach students.
Learning about technology itself is also a vital part of education, as this is the
generation that will design, build and operate the new machines and devices in the
years ahead. Computers have played a large role in this through animations where
the operations of machines are explained in a visual way, which allow students to
better understand the different elements of modern machines. Computer programs
also allow students to create and run simulations on design packages, whish means
they can make more complex designs without the need to build a physical working
model.
On the other hand, there has been some opposition to ideas such as computers in
school as parents are worried that children will no longer interact with each other
and will be able to access inappropriate materials online. This is certainly true and is
an area teacher and parents should be rightly worried about. Although technology is
a major part of our lives, it is also important to ensure children understand the
difference between interacting with a machine that will do what it is told and other
children. Access to computers in school is only restricted by the number of students
per computer, but internet access itself is strictly limited with huge number of sites
that contain objectionable material or viewpoints blocked. The use of computers can
be limited to class time only, ensuring students gain a balance between using
computers and normal social interaction.
A Patel (2013) stated that, nowadays, children are getting so devoted to modern day
gadgets that they tend to forget they have a life. People are becoming lazier day by
day in performing everyday tasks, it’s due to human intelligence up to some extent.
A fact that is human intelligence evolved, so were our gadgets and internet. Due to
the vast availability of smart phones, laptops and computers, the number of devices
connected to the internet was higher than the number of people on earth.
Surprisingly, about that 40 percent of people socialize on internet than face to face
conversation. Due to this statements, he quoted that “ man has become slaves to
the modern day gadgets”.
Elizabeth Mott (2014) as cited on her study about the campaigned of Herbert Hoover
for the U.S. presidency in 1928, he promised “A chicken in every pot and a car in
every garage”. His vision of pervasive prosperity couldn’t overcome the country’s
oncoming economic depression. If Hoover ran for high office less than 100 years
later, he could promise “A cellphone in every hand and a computer in every home”.
An d reflect the status quotation, not the future. Gadgets pervade modern life with
convenience communication and some mixed messages about connectedness.
In 2014, more than half of the American public thinks that by 2064 upcoming
innovations will produce profound change that improves life and society. In a study
conducted by Pew research and Smithsonian magazine, 81 percent of adults thought
laboratories would provide custom-grown replacement organs for people who
needed transplants. Among the ideas that prompted a negative response, 66 percent
rejected the idea of genetic manipulations to give parents designer babies and 65
percent cringed at the thought of robots as home health aides and caregivers.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This research presents the Research Design, Research Setting, Research
Respondents, Research Instruments, Data Gathering procedure and Statistical
Treatment of data used in the study.
Research Design
The researchers employed the descriptive research design. This method of
research is appropriate to gather information about the Gadget Usage and Academic
Performance of Grade 12 HUMSS Senior High School Student’s.
The decriptive method was used in this study. Descriptive research involves
the description, recording, analysis and interpretation of the present nature,
composition or processes of phenomena which focuses on prevailing conditions, or
how a person , group or thing behaves or functions in the present. It often involves
some type of comparison or contrast. In order words, descriptive research maybe
defined as purposive process of gathering, gathering, analyzing, classifying anf
tabulating data about prevailing conditions, practices, beliefs, processes, trends and
cause effec trelationships and then making adequate and accurate interpretation
about such as data with ir without the aid of statistical methods (Calderon, 2012)
Research Locate
This study was conducted at Zamboanga Del Sur National High School located
at Sta. Maria District Pagadian City.
Zamboanga Del Sur National High School is a school that caters students from
different Barangay’s and near by Municipalities. It is the training ground of the
students in the said community in serving the basic education.
Research Respondents
The target population of the study are the 200 Grade 12 HUMSS Senior High
School Students. We randomly give the questionnaire to200 Grade 12 HUMMS
students enrolled in the Academic Year 2022-2023.
Research Instrument
The questionnaire- checklist was the instrument used in this study that was
answered by the student. It was all about the Gadgets Usage and Academic
Performance of Grade-12 Senior High School HUMSS students. It was composed of
two parts: Part 1, Gadgets Usage. Part 11, Academic Performance. The problems
perceived by the students themselves on Gadget Usage.
Data Gathering Procedure
Before the gathering of data in this study,permission was sought from the
school head and class instructor of the researchers. After the permission was
granted, the researchers distributed the questionnaire checklist to the respondents.
Thereafter, it was collected, tallied,and place in the tables. Analysis and
interpretation of data followed.
Statistical treatment
To enable the researchers to present and summarize the data in accordance
with the objective set in the study, descriptive statistics tools were used.
To determine the the number of respondents, Slovins Formula were used.
Slovins Formula:
n=N____
1+Ne2
Where: n- sample size
N- Population size
e- margin of error
To determine the problems of the students on Gadget Usage to their Academic
performance the researchers used the Rating scale, Weighted Arithmetic Continuum,
and Interpretation of Data.
Scale Weighted
Arithmetic
Continuum Interpretation of Data
4 (3.26-4.00) Accept
3 (2.51-3.25) Reject
2 (1.76-2.50) Modify
To assess the Students’ Performance from the first semester the following
hypothetical mean range will be used in accordance to Dep-Ed Order No. 8 series of
2015.
Academic Performance Interpretation
1.00 96.00-100.00 Excellent
1.25 94.00-95.99 Superior
1.50 91.00-93.99 Very Good
1.75 89.00-90.99 Good
2.00 86.00-88.99 Very Satisfactory
2.25 83.00-85.99 High Average
2.50 80.00-82.99 Average
2.75 77.00-79.99 Fair
3.00 75.00-76.99 Pass
4.00 70.00-74.99 Conditional
5.00 0.00-69.00 Failing
INC Incomplete
DRP Drop
Academic Performance Interpretation
1.00 96.00-100.00 Excellent
1.25 94.00-95.99 Superior
1.50 91.00-93.99 Very Good
1.75 89.00-90.99 Good
2.00 86.00-88.99 Very Satisfactory
2.25 83.00-85.99 High Average
2.50 80.00-82.99 Average
2.75 77.00-79.99 Fair
3.00 75.00-76.99 Pass
4.00 70.00-74.99 Conditional
5.00 0.00-69.00 Failing
INC Incomplete
DRP Drop
