CYBER

SECURITY
PROFESSIONAL
CERTIFICATION
AIM OF THE MODULE
The aim of the module is to provide an in-depth
understanding of wireless network security vulnerabilities
and the techniques used to exploit them. The module aims
to equip learners with the skills to identify and assess
wireless network vulnerabilities and implement effective
countermeasures to mitigate these risks. Specifically, the
module will cover the types of wireless network
vulnerabilities and attacks, exploitation techniques, tools
and methodologies used in wireless network hacking, and
best practices for wireless network security. Upon
completion of the module, learners will have gained a
comprehensive knowledge of wireless network security
and be able to evaluate and implement effective wireless
network security strategies.

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 Introduction
1 3 Exploitation Techniques for Wireless Network
Ojbectives
Importance of wireless network
Vulnerabilities
Agenda &

Wireless network architecture and design

Rogue Access Point Attacks
overview
Evil Twin Attacks
Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
2 Wireless Network Components
Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks
Overview of wireless network components
Wireless Access Points (WAPs)
Network Interface Cards (NICs) 4
Tools for Exploiting Wireless Networks

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 Definition and scope of Wireless
Attacks

INTRODUCTION Wireless network architecture and

design overview
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF WIRELESS ATTACKS
Wireless attacks refer to the malicious activities that exploit security vulnerabilities in wireless networks, devices, and protocols.
These attacks can result in unauthorized access, data theft, and network disruption. Common types of wireless attacks include
rogue access point attacks, denial of service attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, and packet injection attacks. Wireless attacks
can be executed using various tools and techniques, including packet sniffing, social engineering, and password cracking. It is
important to implement effective wireless security measures to prevent and mitigate the risks of wireless attacks.

The scope of Wireless Attacks can be summarized in the following four points:
1. Exploitation of vulnerabilities: Wireless attacks exploit vulnerabilities in wireless networks, devices, and protocols, making
them vulnerable to unauthorized access, data theft, and network disruption.
2. Various types of attacks: Wireless attacks come in various forms, such as rogue access point attacks, denial of service
attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, and packet injection attacks, among others.
3. Wide range of targets: Wireless attacks can target a wide range of wireless devices, such as laptops, smartphones, routers,
and other IoT devices, as well as wireless networks of various sizes, from small home networks to large enterprise networks.
4. Rapidly evolving threats: Wireless attacks are rapidly evolving, with new attack techniques and tools being developed
regularly. As such, it is crucial to stay up-to-date with the latest threats and implement effective wireless security measures
to protect against them.

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INTRODUCTION
WIRELESS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN OVERVIEW
The wireless network architecture and design overview refers to the structure and layout of wireless networks, including the
various components that make up the network and how they interact. This includes the physical layout of the network, such as
the placement of access points and antennas, as well as the logical structure, such as the network topology and protocols used.

A well-designed wireless network architecture can provide secure and reliable wireless connectivity, while a poorly designed
architecture can create vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers. Some of the key considerations in wireless network
architecture and design include:
1. Coverage and Capacity: The network design must ensure that there is sufficient coverage and capacity to support the
number of devices and users on the network.
2. Security: The network design should incorporate security measures to protect against unauthorized access, data theft, and
other types of wireless attacks.
3. Scalability: The network design should be scalable to accommodate future growth and changes in technology.
4. Interoperability: The network design should be compatible with other systems and devices to facilitate seamless
communication and integration.
5. Performance: The network design should optimize performance, such as minimizing latency and ensuring consistent
throughput.
6. Redundancy: The network design should incorporate redundancy to ensure high availability and minimize downtime in the
event of a network failure or outage.

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 Overview of wireless network components

WIRELESS
NETWORK Wireless Access Points (WAPs)

COMPONENTS Network Interface Cards (NICs)

WIRELESS NETWORK COMPONENTS
OVERVIEW OF WIRELESS NETWORK COMPONENTS

An overview of wireless network components provides a high-level understanding of the various components that make up a
wireless network, their functions, and how they interact. This includes both the physical and logical components of the network.

1. Access Points: Access points (APs) are physical devices that enable wireless communication between devices and the
network. They act as a bridge between wired and wireless networks, and typically support multiple wireless clients.
2. Wireless Controllers: Wireless controllers are physical or virtual devices that manage access points and provide centralized
management and configuration of wireless network components. They facilitate network administration and can help to
ensure consistent network policies and security measures.
3. Wireless Clients: Wireless clients are the devices that connect to wireless networks, such as laptops, smartphones, tablets,
and other IoT devices. They communicate with access points and other network components to access network resources.
4. Antennas: Antennas are physical components that transmit and receive wireless signals. They come in various shapes and
sizes and can be directional or omnidirectional.
5. Wireless Protocols: Wireless protocols are the standards and specifications that define how wireless devices communicate
with each other and the network. Examples of wireless protocols include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Zigbee.
6. Network Infrastructure: The network infrastructure includes the wired components of the network, such as switches,
routers, and firewalls, that support wireless connectivity and ensure network security.
By understanding the functions and interactions of these wireless network components, organizations can better design,
implement, and manage their wireless networks to ensure secure and reliable wireless connectivity.

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WIRELESS NETWORK COMPONENTS
WIRELESS ACCESS POINTS (WAPS)
Wireless Access Points are physical devices that allow wireless clients to connect to a wired network. They act as a bridge between
wired and wireless networks and are a critical component of wireless network infrastructure. Functions of WAPs include:
1. Wireless Connectivity: WAPs provide wireless connectivity to clients by transmitting and receiving wireless signals.
2. Network Authentication: WAPs can enforce authentication and encryption protocols to ensure secure access to the network.
3. Network Segmentation: WAPs can segment the wireless network to enable different access policies and security measures for
different users and devices.
4. Network Management: WAPs can be managed centrally or individually to configure network settings, monitor network activity,
and troubleshoot issues.
5. Quality of Service (QoS): WAPs can prioritize network traffic to ensure that critical applications receive sufficient bandwidth and
minimize network congestion.

Types of WAPs include:

1. Standalone WAPs: These are individual devices that are managed individually and can be used in small networks or as additional
access points in larger networks.
2. Controller-Based WAPs: These are WAPs that are managed by a wireless controller and can provide centralized management
and configuration of multiple access points.
3. Cloud-Managed WAPs: These are WAPs that are managed through a cloud-based management system and can provide remote
management and monitoring capabilities.
WAPs can come in various form factors, such as desktop or ceiling-mounted, and can support different wireless protocols.

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WIRELESS NETWORK COMPONENTS
NETWORK INTERFACE CARDS (NICS)

Network Interface Cards (NICs) are hardware components that are used to connect a computer or other networked device to a local
area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), or other network. NICs typically plug into a computer's motherboard or connect to it
via a USB or other external port.

NICs contain a network controller, which is responsible for controlling the flow of data between the computer and the network. This
controller handles tasks such as sending and receiving data packets, error checking, and adjusting the transmission speed of the
network connection.

NICs can come in a variety of forms, including Ethernet cards, wireless cards, and modems. Ethernet cards are the most common
type of NIC and are used to connect computers to wired LANs. Wireless cards, on the other hand, connect computers to wireless
networks using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth technology. Modems are used to connect computers to the Internet via a telephone line.

NICs are essential components for connecting computers to networks, and they play a critical role in ensuring that data is
transmitted efficiently and reliably. As network technology continues to evolve, NICs are also evolving to support faster and more
reliable data transfer rates, advanced security features, and other improvements.

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 Rogue Access Point Attacks

EXPLOITATION
TECHNIQUES FOR Evil Twin Attacks

WIRELESS
NETWORK Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks

VULNERABILITIES Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks

EXPLOITATION TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS NETWORK
VULNERABILITIES
ROGUE ACCESS POINT ATTACKS
A rogue access point attack is a type of network attack where an attacker creates a fake wireless access point (AP) and tricks
nearby devices into connecting to it instead of the legitimate network. This allows the attacker to intercept and manipulate
network traffic, steal sensitive data, and launch further attacks.
The process of a rogue access point attack typically involves the following steps:
1. The attacker sets up a fake wireless access point that mimics the name and settings of a legitimate network, often in a public
place like a coffee shop, hotel lobby, or airport.
2. The attacker then waits for nearby devices to automatically connect to the fake AP, either because they are configured to
automatically connect to any available network or because the attacker has lured them with a fake hotspot or network name.
3. Once a device connects to the fake AP, the attacker can intercept and manipulate network traffic, including usernames,
passwords, and other sensitive information. This can be done through a variety of techniques, such as sniffing network traffic,
running man-in-the-middle attacks, or injecting malware onto the victim's device.
4. The attacker can also launch further attacks from the fake AP, such as distributing malware, launching phishing attacks, or
exploiting vulnerabilities in connected devices or the network itself.
To protect against rogue access point attacks, organizations should implement strong security measures, such as using
encryption to protect network traffic, enforcing strong passwords and access controls, and regularly monitoring and auditing
network activity. Users should also be cautious when connecting to public networks and should verify the legitimacy of any
network before connecting to it.

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EXPLOITATION TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS NETWORK
VULNERABILITIES
EVIL TWIN ATTACKS
An Evil Twin Attack is a type of wireless network attack in which an attacker creates a rogue wireless access point (AP) with the same
name (SSID) and similar configuration as a legitimate access point, in order to trick users into connecting to it. The attacker then
intercepts and manipulates the user's network traffic, potentially stealing sensitive information such as login credentials, banking
information, or personal data.

Here is the complete process of an Evil Twin Attack:

1. Reconnaissance: The attacker begins by conducting reconnaissance to identify the target network and access points. This can be
done using various tools, such as wireless scanners or wardriving, to detect nearby wireless networks and identify their SSIDs,
security settings, and signal strengths.
2. Set up a rogue AP: Once the target access point has been identified, the attacker sets up a rogue access point with the same SSID
and security settings as the legitimate access point. The attacker can do this by using a wireless network adapter or a software-
defined radio to broadcast a fake wireless signal.
3. Lure the victim: The attacker can use various social engineering tactics to lure victims to connect to the rogue access point. For
example, the attacker can create a fake captive portal that looks like the legitimate login page of the target network, asking users
to enter their login credentials.
4. Intercept network traffic: Once the victim connects to the rogue access point, the attacker can intercept and manipulate their
network traffic. The attacker can use tools like Wireshark to capture network packets and extract sensitive information, such as
passwords or credit card numbers.
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EXPLOITATION TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS NETWORK
VULNERABILITIES
MAN-IN-THE-MIDDLE (MITM) ATTACKS
A Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack is a type of cyberattack in which an attacker intercepts communications between two parties
in a network and secretly alters the data being transmitted. The following is a general overview of the steps involved in a MitM
attack:

1. The attacker gains access to the network through various means, such as by exploiting vulnerabilities in the network or by
using social engineering tactics to trick users into providing access.
2. The attacker then positions themselves in between the two parties whose communication they want to intercept. This could
be done by physically tapping into the network or by using malicious software to intercept the communication.
3. Once in position, the attacker intercepts the data being transmitted between the two parties. This can include emails, instant
messages, login credentials, and other sensitive information.
4. The attacker then alters the data to suit their objectives. For example, they may change the content of an email to include a
malicious link, or they may modify login credentials to gain unauthorized access to an account.
5. Finally, the altered data is transmitted to the intended recipient, who may be unaware that the data has been modified.

MitM attacks can be prevented by using secure communication channels such as HTTPS, by implementing strong encryption
protocols, and by educating users about the dangers of phishing and other social engineering tactics. Network administrators
should also regularly monitor network traffic for signs of unusual activity, and should promptly investigate any suspected MitM
attacks.
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EXPLOITATION TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS NETWORK
VULNERABILITIES
DENIAL OF SERVICE (DOS) ATTACKS
The goal of a DoS attack is to disrupt the normal functioning of a target system, prevent legitimate users from accessing it, and
cause damage or financial loss.
The complete process of a DoS attack involves several steps:
1. Reconnaissance: The attacker researches the target system to find vulnerabilities and weaknesses that can be exploited. This
may involve scanning for open ports, analyzing network traffic, or looking for software vulnerabilities.
2. Launching the attack: Once the attacker has identified a vulnerability, they will launch the attack by flooding the target system
with traffic or requests. There are several ways to launch a DoS attack, including:
Ping flood, SYN flood, HTTP flood, UDP flood
3. Amplification: The attacker may use a technique called amplification to increase the volume of traffic directed at the target
system. This involves using a network of compromised systems, called a botnet, to amplify the volume of traffic directed at
the target system.
4. Defense: The target system may use various defense mechanisms to protect against a DoS attack, including firewalls,
intrusion detection systems, and load balancers. These defenses can help to detect and block malicious traffic before it
reaches the target system.
5. Recovery: After a DoS attack, the target system may need to be taken offline to recover and repair any damage caused by the
attack. This can involve restoring backups, patching vulnerabilities, or upgrading hardware or software to prevent future
attacks.

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 TOOLS FOR EXPLOITING
WIRELESS NETWORKS
WIRESHARK METASPLOIT FRAMEWORK

AIRCRACK-NG KISMET
WIRELESS
ATTACKS LABS
PRACTICAL Wireless Rogue Access Point Attack, Evil Twin Attack, MitM

LABS
Attacks Attack, DoS Attack, Aircrack-ng, Kismet

Labs based on practical

demonstrations & operation
guide.

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THANK YOU
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