Agt ajonide! b & neg b a pretence a Nan cn ken, val Aral? de. 0g aubleadt tp Su2-neaation et cme then Agan 9e a hen att erat fo levmed heme gactec de “ Syl 4 Fatvone en luce 19 tte Meaetion REN Afeyeni Ae © | Sy a ‘ Gh +e, wee)" ‘( lg © Py Faom Conbsnyte : ° 9, Re R—d—-0-H + Ny Aramorfum Solt 4 ey 0-0 + et ernie tL Rod —iy + yd Amide.° Soegiot 9 # Ot + — O& ? Boome: 8 the adtfon bf. wHgon, aldeh de’ action a 0 52 0xime ges, ae Sil I The oxtme &\, nemaing unywcted: a¢:dtene! Hand 0H often Bom pee Ave on dhe Same, Wh Ata dote nok: podeur, 9° A = ou to oh. Hee 2 Ot. 40h pas O- Apinothnt ivr 47 Whin anomalf, . ¢ ben ra aon fe oe Cog oniuma Het ot cose, Af 46 conventid 46 Subjeated fo diegelfention sienefion then hlontde'fe foamed by she nation aL itanty and dilute. devated Venpowbn bag dlayum oder at int etl fe onpucie mds beequce{-—cei the tt sae qeth i On, + Naty + aver SEP Gy Been B+ me / Tae ood + Condition emul dagen #ANgo e A chlenide N= - Ores: ++ Ope +e | Hoo (AP an ee | O- When benzene diagontum ahtentde fe trated afin Ken! fm pmecenee A Quen, ‘hen cgenobengene Te framed, and Heaction + - @ 6 duan ©-*=* a + ken Fasponest 7 . 7 Teese Te ale aero 4 Gabutil Phthaltmntde meiled for tne -porparesien oa ame Prapanodion Bb Avommine Ye wuny deffo touks Bhan alkyl Arlee , Hue a tf alkut amine: G t Aeaind ay aimmonto: hen tue fine product 15° RGF om H( Qusteoneny)) basi vung stonng- mates teed miesAy een Si Rip |e e- RD ‘ ae , é : it HX Bb a parm " Lamine . out 1 a Q! a RR + rea eee chee + Hx Ln Rg ¢ Bamine £4 k a ae ere paca 7 im : i * TTatonabkyt ammontumn Aralide. (Guateonany-armmonium chali wd Row econ ily Sy ata te areponaltle tne foal ateonany ammobium Aialide. flere ta and 3° amine ae ove, foamed fn ‘hed medium stenaks ait alk Aralide, supa Soom Hiahee amin eatt. To aucd se i fpamation I Athen ms Avalide Grabrfel- Phill! mide metued-%e-used,: a at ° ~ oo — \e@ ig SNK ° Sk Xx Sub i # axe ae are Naan £ agai i brs on ett Poh , ie Pr PRX : : ° . ‘ «0.1 S30 ¢ Ne fea SN ae : es . ee NH sy. > NE ° 0 “+ iy I— ti amine)Anotter mey 0 » fon teh > © 7 f fbn Ha decys won Loi COL cn 0 + Cy — Ny ori @® Grabuket Prihalentde meitund _folloas Sy2icpatdery, So use of my Aiatide 00 A? atic Aietdefe neesmmendd. Boak ee My Aaa bong ausbon atom fe stenteally fore ond nateah reaction Mnantaces. ? Hofmann Beanadate muted — When aliphatfe on ompmatve bot amides Heaet out Aegan Sa Ors Ky tog ne ue + 240 A + 9! Cig -E— Wily + Oly + Ariat ——F Y= NMy + Naptay + Aneel + 2iy0 fe ont % trated atta hong reductn By When allphotie. o# goons onitde 1¢ trent a . eg ve ; c jeak- LEAttg hen amine is oramed, (Keeping: mindy 4; i fo rowp amide. So=0 gncat ® aonvenitd to —CKy q op) q Lat tty teeny, AMES agy—ey omy o ° UA lig ES Oy siete re 0. FD When alt cyst deed afte hydeogeny Mf dutk then done of . Ve formed. - renee Odin ..8 AMY by A Lf 2. Alkyl yeni byte cation of, iy foltoord FA Ayo fret amin .I a) to | a ea Nia) co ca fh i Geen + Afh] SMM gay nny TAL, 0 2 From N?tno ¢omboud — hen anomatia rfino compound fe fnted wth Bo tn poceunee. , concentrated Hot then te fioad product 92 d'arnfne, Tate fe the Aobonodony rpanation meted of arittae faom mttnobenpene. Sil ’ S10 Sn + 2H ———+ Satly + 2[H] Onn oe cl] — ©" = Ope Hence nitpobengeve tg neduced under acidte condition, Ss s Reduaion oy fteobingeneunden naa exndfon Dhea attnobengeue fe fraded wiih phe and aqueous ammontur chloride. “thee prem Brea ig a NHg et Bay NA A Or So/jeltuanol Op nson Ntinobongexe fe ces a formed — here veduelfon oeauree, Neyet + iyo ———> Niyon + Hee Zn + 24 —> Zn, + 2fH] (OF ALK] > Otro Phenyl hydroxylamine.67 Papsnten samt from faefne, — Dhien oegtehlonife fe frated whi Larne tte Neate Tecylocride (white frecttiale)fe framed. Tis seaetfon'e tenmed a& _ Hisheng- alin Senclton. The neatkyt tecyPortde a highly coluble-4n aqueous Nadtl Because ef -prctenacel- du4divogea adorn Sale stoage lor ontde= Seong Sot — la cael Ante fone oo add Lanis fe foamed. ae ob ° Sil. Oy S-fer + HL-NN 8 —> ey g—ni-8 » i i tes, pemtontde cr doantae Neatkgt snpantie® ° . ~~ Pine oe “Bh ay Opi Bee ha o xK tT I EE = ww Ori by y— oO Ob Sas O aby e bis | ooo ° ca = How will qr" convent Cig—Niiy to (aig),ne 2 ay -O-$ i fact Bp we — O NV Oo —§—n— Ny . OH -b HOt oR Scanned with CamScanner‘ eae e eS 4 fo, + eye — ey Orns K ° bu ’ + KO sy : i 4 g. %-O- OH ty Of ° Hi! 6 1 + Ca aa + Dieting’ . 18 re debdeen' sf, 2 and 3 oirine by Hi 4 eleg inti — a a ae ( Boyfay (Maya) it uid) i ' [pope g Gon ° . Oy YO-d Baa “+ HG) Hao . @Bteasay ie —— oS white pbk i: iia Ott. & ond obe : ee (Pilea nanan ag aecidue, tS) {24.Naou, at RT OF he + 6-O4- na (rc ae) tees to eerie ye) | Ffitralon %@ 3 o fen ep —O>—S—na, Residue) sO NR area: Pe tomy 3 Ls aa 3080 (1° amin) ~ Scanned with CamScanner» © 4 7 7 hen Agan’ fragt akin olky) Aalde then all Reeoyoutde-e Sonora. a a bSl ( Wheeltebonegelluc. | Sub c? + Rx —G. “! 5 Canbylamine Reaat’y Ariomatie. and aliphectia both amine. % ane aetion a alilenofenm and Nao on Kot gue Heoagantte, C 2 “A + Ska + 3ty0 + Okey + SKOH het . - 9 A+ , C-) A ® ety Ry + QHelg + SKOH Same Sas + SRR + SHO Amftde|: faepanadion + +> Foomacid chloride — o 9 i] ® 4 q On + Nig ——> Opto ny + HL mide. g @ oA q Oty —e—U + Nig “> Aig A—NHy + Hak i Amide. > — — |2 Faom canborytie oid: foo oO 9 : 7 fi : SL Rao + Quy > Ra a ere Ammonium salt @f- (e re Py conbenyta satd 9 . se gf Oe i a: © NH, Song, R—G—NHy + Hy0 deta Amide, a = o1 ES Opt, ©-bm + its + ois, $10 R a ee ©O-s- 8h, =, sya Ortoy, + Hyp Bengamfde * Avothen mettod efraponation sare > woo Dow git fete dency onttine : a ” AFOK,| Hala preci ire 4 Chlonoengune + ee Cujo ————, frefltne. Ao ZNHg + Cu,d 2 cs ue 41+ 29 +? ta geat CO) F2H8 Reaatfons : Jy Nitnatton Riaction’s for the staotion tf omttine conventional nitrating- agent mixed aefd (mixture ot one N23 and Gone. t 24) feonok neaommended beeawse mixed 'aatd de 0 gourer OL H® fon — Anine. Scanned with CamScanner° anitiniwm Pcs behavee ae a bate— seacds att HO oon ob mdaed asid givin i roup, £0 cation — -Nty re behaver af canta atindradin nitnation' ceeund at meto.-poctifon — ana undegioed fpodect. - pana : . 40, 5 Diford pmoduict fe iinantleonsttne Brahe fnsparation tates at fost cong batie nature ef onfline ty Heal aed sohials 1 a ern 4 Hy c002 [ acedy? choad) amd then treatnentol nixed acid folloaed al Hg0® fing Forortine ont (defocd Apoduct)- 8 on @ ie Nip oon py . ’ Bay neo? FNog + ts, ——2 Avitfae Anttintum Sulphate. S P Rey H¢0) 6, , ® 9 . Nita, Ht 4 Dheon ones Amoted atth mixed acid ten cL fa feomed. st NOy_ ag | Paepanation of, Saannitnoanitne foem anit > 2 By Pang rif : V/ a ——— + 1a Acetanilide. at ' 0 Ky oeaty Hy $0, ae ot HO A wat Nop NBp . q = + (@Ha—C—on Hl SS 2° Nop, i fooaniine artiine2> Hale ace Neaction s mi ' Ma Ny a Oey + . Gent S | Coy Minow én | Majo | Nu, 7 fs yo ig Bn + Son, _—=_, 60. p+ SHGe ot Be oe (Zhro-tiatbnomo anttine) SD Reactioin wen HNO, : oe . 't 9) Adflfne. by tie atom ahanog at de 4a st denpestie fing benpene diazonfum eatfon, b) N-metuypPior?lene. be tte cation Hp hoy of a N-meluyt-N- Hota atin, ® N,N-dimetuayl aniline bi {i action a te ques ava nftao¢oL Nyn— dtimetingtastitine. @_ 9 a) NHy i. NENCt 00-6 + Nandy + 2HOL ——> + Nott + = 2Hy0 Aniline: Pre dagen Hea Sn yy Malena 5 O=N, a » eI a Natty +Ha — > H a i Nemethenitin CS RSH SD 4 9 ee at A i ++ NANO) + HOt —> iN . oS “F Nacl + Hy 0 Ni, N-dimetlay? aniline Pararftneco- tn tf dimettyyt ooniline ae EEEy 4) oye ° . Tdenttffeatfon of aomatio. Alama —(Ayo-dye tust) of 0 hate ia Pravin by tue aakfon of Nandy fn tne preenet Of dled ives ° | a - 0 9, | enyene dfaonium cation. heu bengene dlagontum cation 1% ° * trated with alkaline @-nophilel ealutfon umndeo enta aondtHon Ahern a Hote ned dye ie doomed Hat ® 9 ,°? Si) Ny , 2, Ub Nena q o0-5e Hy ( Nano, + 2HOL——> + No@t + 20 Benge diagonturn eatfon $2 0. 22+ Sr ie) — iO B-Moplatiiat Sodium B-naphtuoside PN a +0 wen ——= = — Roge vied dye # When -phendl fe trated sls berywediageriuenandion abial te -fiomed by qe neaction bebaeeH NaN, and dilute Hat at de- Be -Lempeoture unde atkotine aonditfon and under =m cold condition then dyete foamed. eT PR“ ) onset ey oe ig xy + OnenZy : ’ g-ydeont 4 wack’ ares Tne A ollrpee * When aniltie % trated 08h bengeue dfagonturn ehlenide ie09H foul Naphaufonte, acid» {ar Jo Np Sl Cia Te used ag ind we * BanPro ae Tene” © Rane ow i Bkemankbaran ie used foo tien, deol and eotion datng, Ace Ch, Vo S A OO : + Conge-red (ey) feator and fon dig cotton diveetly- “wh: e+ CS £0, iH PD Napleitfontc. acid 1 Khe fayh + hae —O)— nut =f 2 nig, Blemank b% crank Beau dy) aS ined with CamScanner | <Ney + ngsYRene + Cont online = Oe YN Naot 45 re Dt Na O38 ZY—N= Vy Mey Hella onange (3) Malt eninge wud at ofan atid -bage Hrasions. Renctong a axomatia niftno,eompounde _— > Reduletton oh NMinobenzene —y Done before. & Kaomotle Sy2 aeacton Chlomodengeue. ow ane Araobengene does rot dubsitttutfon Neoetion by the ca a nucleophile Ff ca eketoon nied aing poup Arasibag,. -R ephat “is paceent at the ortho on -pano postion Ske bengcue vin duen thyme action ak anges extennel Aucleophilic. Substitatfon beating: ea nucleeplile. (O-# ++ Naow — © + Nae. , cae ” One + Oe + yo Sp canbocatton (Unstable) Oey cpu fon ©Syd ae + @ of [ Ne Roa, SL Dae te prtcenee fe © = aloud hackeldt- Pr gdtoake te not -potttnie, Sy2 te abeunt * ot ; + Nath oF hNo® Mechantem : OY rae oH =; a 2 BO Heae Substitution ceeune tn dhe onomadfe nucleus— » here two molecules are Involved Indie sled wate deter mining cep So-ihe neactton fe teamed ae amomotie. $u2 (An du) © Helo sftoaktoncben fie. doce nob aeve. ho $2 nuaelfdn sol on the: nittno ond Yama froalilomobengent qe auch he af ntact. * 50 ' hey, se CB + Nae \ ‘ cr rhs ete a ‘ o ° Meahamtem :oHe C—_ay 0 +o 8 cm Calg + NadHe aaa + Noack Mechanfem + o® —o oS No a a OMe 2 s Slo0 e> a * a “4 On NO, 0, 2b NapH +> cr ae Nogj Nop i . voli antes : Neahaniem + f 5 f u ' ‘ ee” Slow + Nadh ——> BERN? A : on Oety . NOy gs Naoatty ; 7 —— CS! ties Noy : NoyMechooter « Gn Be tho er) Lome fal No OMe S aad Nt ° ‘S08 pie One a oue “ee * + Noodle —> oy + Nat = oes en oven Mechantem : one B doa cae 4 Saone —_ oooh oy ¢—eu op Nack octhen a I Nv . = a cx ae) oztro® 0780? Heebeentsmns a se | Nn VN o“n~oReaal’ 1 ton ‘Dagontum Galt va @ 9S NENG + Hy0 ——> O- any + HO ? Ofek ' NENG + KT Te pz + Fol tM 8 (O-* Cue a Neng + xen Gyn ten + RN 4 Y Opt wv + ax our Gr-% + he Ne [x=0,e8) 7 OyRend +. ©- — A e © N=EnQ + 66, NEN Bf + Hak ey @ 6 a t Newer, —» Ore + OF +My Tike neaestfon te Known at Baly—Lelflemanin Reaction, > ©ptenti se Uli ——> HEN, + AHZAHO > 0 > Opt ee ot HyPog + HOR Dp ot ENGL + Hypo, + Hyd ——> ok Oe a hy + Cudl Orme Oe @_ 1B + Cu +Hor —> Oy bo thet ee » Or= _. Ore + He 2 ena +HOF. 1 Or en ie, + NANO O)- AE Ny + Noe hy Or* 2. Bh yy Or sO ao sy Scanned with CamScanner Mt