EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING PROGRAMMES (ELP)

What is ELP?
Experiential learning programme is a programme with the specific objective of learning by
hands-on participation, by trying, making errors, and gradually narrowing the margin between failure
and success.

Introduction
 ELP is a major component of student rural entrepreneurship, word experiential means
learning and development are achieved through personally determined experience and
involvement, rather than on received teaching or training, by observation, study of theory or
hypothesis, and bring in innovation or some other transfer of skill or knowledge.
 Experimental learning is interactive and integrated learning system, which aims for
promoting professional skill and knowledge through hands on training / experience, building
confidence and ability to work in project mode and acquire enterprise management
capability among the undergraduate students.
 ELP play a critical role in enhancing team performance. It is towards ‘Earning while
learning’ and provides the students and excellent opportunity to develop analytical,
entrepreneurial skills and knowledge and, develop confidence in their ability to design and
execute project work.

Objectives of Experiential Learning

Experiential Learning programme provides an excellent opportunity for students to develop

analytical and entrepreneurial skills and knowledge through meaningful hands-on experience,
confidence in their ability to design and execute project work. The main objectives of Experiential
Learning programme are:
1. To promote professional skills and knowledge through meaningful hands-on experience.
2. To build confidence and to work in project mode.
3. To acquire enterprise management capabilities
Modules and duration of Experiential Learning programme

This program was conducted during the eighth semester for a total duration of 24 weeks with a
weightage of 0+20 Credit Hours. A single module has 10 (0+10) credit hours. I was registered
following two modules from the following modules.
1. Food Processing
2. Seed Production Technology

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 CLASSES OF SEED

The seed is a ripened ovule consisting of viable embryo, flashy cotyledons which is covered by
protective seed coat .
Cowan (1973) defined seed technology as “that discipline of study having to do with seed Production,
maintenance, quality and preservation”.
The five generally recognized classes of seeds are: Breeder's seed, Foundation seed, Registered seed
and Certified seed. The Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies (AOSCA) has defined these
seed classes as follows:
Nuclear seed:
This is the hundred percent genetically pure seed with physical purity and produced by the
original breeder/Institute /State Agriculture University (SAU) from basic nucleus seed stock. A
pedigree certificate is issued by the producing breeder. This seed is initial variety with 100 % genetic
and physical purity.
Breeder seed;
The seed or vegetatively propagated material directly controlled by the originating or the
sponsoring breeder or institution which is the basic seed for recurring increase of foundation seed. This
seed is progeny of nucleus seed. This seed is 100% genetically pure with physical purity A golden
yellow colour tag issued for this category of seed by producing breeder.
Foundation seed:
This is progeny of Breeder seed. This seed is produced by National seed corporation, state seed
corporation, corporative society and private sector. For this seed 99.5% genetic and 98% physical purity
requires. The certification is essential in this type of seed and seed get certified from seed certification agency. A
white colour tag is issued for foundation seed. This seed is also known as mother seed.

Certified seed:
It is the progeny of the foundation seed. Its production is so handled to maintain genetical
identity and physical purity according to standards specified for the crop being certified. It should have
the minimum genetical purity of 99%. An azar blue colour tag is issued by seed certification agency.
This seed is produced as a commercial seed.
Truthful seed:
It is the category of seed produced by cultivators, private seed companies and is sold under
truthful labels. But field standard and seed standard should maintain as per seed act and certified seed
stage. Under the seed act, the seed producer and seed seller are responsible for the seed

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 Fig – Tag of Breeder seed Fig – Tag of Foundation seed

Fig – Tag of Certified seed

Colour and size of seed tag; -

[Link] Seed Class Colour Size

1. Breeder seed Golden Yellow 12cm × 6cm

2. Foundation seed White 15cm × 7.5cm

3. Certified seed Blue 15cm × 7.5cm

4. Truthful seed Opal green 15cm × 10cm

3
 ACTIVITY NO 1 – SEED SAMPLING

Objective;-
To obtain a sample of required quantity representing the seed lot in true sense.
“Sample are derived from different portions of seed lot and mixed , from this composite sample small
portion of required quantity is obtained in such a way that even after reduction It represents the seed
lot.”

Mixing and dividing of seeds;-

The main objective of mixing and dividing of seeds is to obtain the representative homogenous seed
sample for analysis by reducing the submitted sample to the desired size of working sample.

Method of mixing and dividing;-

 Mechanical dividing
 Random cup method
 Modified halving method
 Spoon method
 Hand halving method

1. Mechanical method - The reduction of sample size is carried out by the mechanical dividers
suitable for all seeds except for chaffy and fuzzy seeds.

Fig – Gamete type seed method

2. Random cup method -This is the method suitable for seeds requiring working sample up to 10
grams if they are not extremely chaffy and do not bounce or roll (e.g.) Brassica spp. Six to
eight small cups are placed at random on a tray. After a preliminary mixing the seed is poured
uniformly over the tray. The seeds that fall into the cup is taken as the working sample.

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 3. Modified halving method - The apparatus consists of a tray into which is fitted a grid of equal
sized cubical cups open at the top and every alternate one having no bottom. After preliminary
mixing the seed is poured evenly over the grid. When the grid is lifted, approximately half the
sample remains on the tray. The submitted sample is successively halved in this method until a
working sample size is obtained.

4. Spoon method -This is suitable for samples of single small seeded species. A tray, spatula and
a spoon with a straight edge are required. After preliminary mixing, the seed is poured evenly
over the tray. The tray should not be Shaked thereafter. With the spoon in one hand, the spatula
in the other and using both small portions of seed from not less than 5 random places on the
tray should be removed. Sufficient portions of seed are taken to estimate a working sample
approximately but not less than the required size.

Sampling in processing unit

Primary sample – It is a small quantity of seed taken from one point of the processed lot. The seed lot
is arranged to approach conveniently up to individual container. primary samples are taken from
different portions and depth by inserting the stick tier with the closed slot diagonally in the seed bag or
container up to desirable depth with minimum damage to seed.
Composite sample – Primary sample drawn from different places of a lot are mixed and the mixture is
known as composite sample. The size of composite sample should be 10 times more than the required
submitted sample.
Submitted sample – The required quantity of seed which is sent to seed testing lab is known as
submitted sample. To prepare a submitted sample the composite sample is mixed thoroughly and
reduce up to required quantity with the help of seed divider or by repeated halving method.

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Fig – During the seed sampling of Wheat seed

Fig – Repetitive halving method

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 ACTIVITY NO 2 – PHYSICAL PURITY ANALYSIS

Objective; -
To determine whether the submitted sample conforms to the prescribed physical quality standards with
regard to physical components.

Material and Equipment used; - Physical Purity work board , paper bag, containers , weighing
machine and Wheat seed.

The Working sample;- The purity analysis is done on the working sample of prescribed weight
drawn from submitted sample. The analysis may be made on one working sample of the prescribed
weight or on two sub-samples of at least half of this weight, each independently drawn.

Fig – Physical purity working board

Purity separation: - The working sample after weighing is separated into its components viz., pure
seed, other seed crop, weed seed and inert matter.
Pure seed - The seeds of kind / species stated by the sender. It includes all botanical varieties of that
kind / species. Immature, undersized, shriveled, diseased or germinated seeds are also pure seeds. It
also includes broken seeds, if the size is >1/2 of the original size except in leguminacea, and Cruciferae
where the seed coat entirely removed are regarded as inert matter.
Other crop seed - It refers to the seeds of crops other than the kind being examined.
Inert matter - It includes seed like structures, stem pieces, leaves, sand particles, stone particles,
empty glumes, lemmas, paleas, chaff, awns, stalks longer than flor.

Method of purity separation

Place the sample on the purity work board after sieving / blowing operations and separate into other
crop seeds and inert matter. After separation, identify each kind of weed seeds, other crop seeds as to
genus and species. The names and number of each are recorded. The type of inert matter present
should also be noted.

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Fig – Working on physical purity board

Fig – Physical Purity of Wheat

8
Calculation

Weighing of the Working Sample

1. Wt. of total seed – 30 g

2. Wt. of pure seed – 28.2 g
3. Wt. of other crop seed – 0.4 g
4. Wt. of inert matter – 0.2 g

Pure seed % = Weight of pure seed ÷ Total weight of working sample ×100

= 29.4 ÷ 30 × 100

= 98 %

Result - The physical purity of Wheat is 98%

Conclusion - The physical purity of the working sample is 98% which is standard percentage of
Minimum seed certification standard i.e 98% so, the present lot is regulated.

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 ACTIVITY NO 3 – GERMINATION TEST

Objective

To determine the Germination percentage of the seed.

Material required; - Germination tray, germination paper, water for moisture, and seed.
The substratum serves as moisture reservoir and provides a surface or medium for which the seeds can
germinate and the seedlings grow. The commonly used substrate is sand, germination paper and soil.

Paper towel method: - Most widely used paper substrates are filter paper, blotter or towel (kraft
paper). It should have capillary movement of water, at vertical direction (30 mm rise / min.). It should
be free from toxic substances and free from fungi or bacteria. It should hold sufficient moisture during
the period of test. The texture should be such that the roots of germinating seedlings will grow on and
not into the paper.

Between paper (BP); - The seeds are germinated between two layers of paper. The seeds are placed
between two layers of paper and rolled in towels. The rolled towels are placed in the germinator in an
upright position.

Procedure; -
1. Take the germination paper and spread it out on a clean and flat surface.
2. Fold a paper towel in half, and half again until it has 10 layers on it.
3. Place your selected seed on one half of the paper towel, leaving some space between them and
on top and bottom of a paper
4. The total seed taken was 150 seeds with three replicas (R1, R2 & R3), each replica consisting
of 50 seeds with 10 seeds on each layer, whereas there are 5 layers.
5. Then fold the entire paper and zip it with the help of elastic.
6. Moisture the paper bag daily and wait for the seed to germinate, check the humidity level and
observe it throughout.

Calculation
Chick pea seed germination test
1. Total seed – 150
2. Total replication – 3 (R1, R2, R3)
3. Seeds present in each replica

Replica Healthy seeds Abnormal seed

R1 43 7
R2 46 4
Germination R3 45 5 %=
Number of healthy seeds ÷ Total number of seeds ×100

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 = 134 ÷ 150 × 100
= 89.3 %
Result - The above procedure shown that the Germination percentage of Chick pea is calculated as
89.3 %

Conclusion - The Germination percentage of the working sample of Chickpea was 89.3% which is
more than minimum seed certification standard i.e. 85%. So, the present lot is approved by Minimum
seed certification standard.

Fig – Seed Germination through Paper towel

method

Fig – Germination test by Paper towel method

method

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 ACTIVITY NO – 4 EVALUATION OF GERMINATION TEST

“Germination is defined as the emergence and development from the seed embryo, of those essential
structures, for the kind of seed in question, indicates its ability to produce a normal plant under
favourable conditions.”

Types of seed germination

Seed germination can be classified into two types based on the fate of the cotyledons:

1. Epigeal Germination
2. Hypogeal Germination

Epigeal Germination; - During epigeal, the cotyledon is pushed out of the soil. This happens due to
the rapid growth and elongation of the hypocotyl. E.g., castor and bean.

Hypogeal Germination: - During hypogeal germination, cotyledons remain below the soil due to the
rapid elongation of epicotyl. It mostly occurs in monocotyledonous seeds. E.g. Maize, Wheat.

Fig – Diagrammatic representation of Epigeal and Hypogeal Germination

The germination test evaluated as

 Normal seedlings
 Abnormal seedlings
 Hard seeds
 Fresh and ungerminated seeds
 Dead seeds

ISTA classified the seedlings into different categories based on the development of essential
structures.

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Normal seedlings: - Seedlings which has the capacity for continued development into normal plant
when grown in favorable conditions of soil, water, temperature and light.
Characters of normal seedlings

 A well-developed root system with primary root except in certain species of gramine which
normally produce seminal root or secondary root.
 A well-developed shoot axis consisting of elongated hypocotyls in seedlings of epigeal
germination.
 A well-developed epicotyl in seedlings of hypogeal germination.
 One cotyledon in monocotyledon and two in dicotyledons.
 A well-developed coleoptile containing a green leaf.
 A well-developed plumule in dicotyledon.

Abnormal seedlings: - Seedlings which do not show the capacity for continued development into
normal plant when grown in favorable condition of soil, water, temperature and light.
 Damaged seedlings - Seedlings with any one of the essential structures missing or
badly damaged so that the balanced growth is not expected. Seedlings with no
cotyledons, with splits, cracks and lesions or essential structures and without primary
root.
 Deformed seedlings - Weak or unbalanced development of essential structures such as
spirally twisted or stunted plumule or hypocotyls or epicotyls, swollen shoot, stunted
roots etc.
 Decayed seedlings - Seedlings with any one of the essential structures showing
diseased or decayed symptoms as a result of primary infection from the seed which
prevents the development of the seedlings.
 Hard seeds - Seeds which do not absorb moisture till the end of the test period and
remain hard (e.g.) seed of Leguminosae and malvaceous
 Fresh and ungerminated seeds - Seeds which are neither hard nor have germinated but
remain firm and apparently viable at the end of the test period.

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Fig – Evaluation of germinated seedling method

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 ACTIVITY NO 5 — VIABILITY TEST

Objective
To determine whether a seed is alive, metabolically active, and possess enzymes capable of
catalyzing metabolic reactions needed for germination and seedling growth.

VIABILITY TEST TETRAZOLIUM TEST

The Tetrazolium test measures potential germination. This is most commonly used on small-seeded
crop species, but we demonstrate it on large, seeded crops to facilitate viewing the test. The chemical
compound 2,3,5 tetrazolium chloride is a white powder, mixed with water to a range of 0.1 to 1%
solution and stored in a dark bottle (to avoid light) in a refrigerator.
Materials Required – Seeds, Chemical used (Tz solution) , containers.

Procedure
1 Seeds we’re soaked in water overnight. They may be pre-moistened, in which case the seeds
are allowed to imbibe water between a moistened germination paper blotter.
2 Seeds are then dissected, either longitudinally or transversely, with a scalpel so that the embryo
is exposed to the tetrazolium chloride solution. One half of this seed is used for the test and the
other half is discarded. 2. Staining
3 solution of 2, 3, 5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (a salt) is added to water to form a colorless
solution.
4 The seeds are placed in a 1% solution (for legumes and grasses that are not bisected), or a
dilute 0.1% solution for bisected grasses and cereals.
5 Seed coats of legumes must usually be removed or peeled back before examination. Care must
be taken to prevent breaking of radicles and other damage to the seeds.

Evaluation: - Individual seed is evaluated as viable or dead on the basis of staining pattern in embryo
followed by cotyledons.
(a) Assessment based on staining of embryo
Embryo completely stained. - Viable
Embryo unstrained. - Non viable

Fig- Radical or plumule Unstrained - Nonviable

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 (B) Assessment on the basis of cotyledons
Completely staining - Viable
Non staining. – Non viable
Necrosis - evaluation on the basis of category

(C) Assessment on the basis of necrosis

Unstrained tissue at the attachment - Non viable
Of embryo
Unstrained tissue is away and are. – Viable
Not connected with embryo

Fig – Assessment based on cotyledons

Result - Evaluation of seeds based on the above-mentioned points.

Advantages of Tz test
 A rapid evaluation of seed viability.
 Detect seed weaknesses before they become evident in germination tests.
 Timely guidance in quality control programs.

Disadvantages of Tz test
 Requires specialized training and experience.
 Test is usually more laborious and tedious to perform than a germination test.
 Test results do not reflect fungal infection or chemical damage.
 Test results do not reflect dormancy.

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 ACTIVITY NO 6 - POLYBAG TECHNOLOGY IN SUGARCANE

Settlings are raised in polythene bags and these can be put at any place. Post-transplanting mortality is
very low since polybag settlings are transplanted with earth ball by removing polythene so root system
of young shoots is not disturbed, which helps in quick and better establishment of transplanted settlings
in the main field. Weed problem is not so aggravated. Moreover, any weed growth can easily be
controlled by tillage operation as soil comes at workable moisture level few days after irrigation.

Advantages of poly bag technology in sugarcane

 Cultivated land is not required for raising settlings.
 Germination is 90-95% as against 50-55 per cent in conventional system.
 Immense saving of seed. Raising of sugarcane crop by Polybags technique requires only 1.5 to
2.0 tones seed cane per hectare while in conventional sett planting, 6-7 tones seed cane per
hectare is needed.
 Higher cane multiplication ratio. There is increased cane multiplication ratio (1:40) over
conventional method (1:10). Hence the technique is most suited for rapid multiplication of
newly released verities
 Better crop stand with more early vigour of plants produce higher stalk population of higher
stalk weight which ultimately results in higher cane yields.
 Higher sugar recovery because of synchronous and higher earlier tillering which leads to
production of uniformly matured stalks.
 Reduced cane lodging
 Suited for adverse agronomic situations. Settlings can be used for transplanting in wetlands
after harvesting of paddy in waterlogged areas and after harvesting of wheat under delayed
planting conditions.
 Increased productivity of subsequent ratoon crop due to minimum gaps because of uniform
stand in plant cane.
 100 % plant population in main field while less population in conventional practices.

Method
Polybag preparation
 Mix soil, sand, Vermicompost and FYM in proportion of [Link].
 Polythene bags of size 10 x 15 cm should be filled with a mixture.
 Before filling, the bags are punctured at few places to allow proper aeration and drainage of
excess water.
Sett preparation ;- Seed sett should be drawn from healthy crop of sugarcane preferably from the top
half of the canes, if drawn from a mature crop. If seed canes are taken from immature crops, the entire
cane can be used for seed. Insect-pest and disease infested setts should be discarded.

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Method of bud separation
1. Bud chipper
2. Single bud method

Sett treatment and planting

Bud should be treated with fungicides Tebuconazole (folicur) @ 2ml/ltr water for half an hour. Then
put bud with eye bud upward, in half filled polybags than put mixture 2 cm above bud.

Details of work done

 Activities; - 09 / 01 / 2023 To 14 / 01 / 2023

Collection of components of soil mixture Filling of polybag

Bud preparation of Co-86032,
600 polybags were raised by single eye bud.
 Activities; - 16 / 01 / 2023 To 17 / 01 / 2023
Preparation of 400 seedling on portray by bud chip method.

Features of variety Co-86032

 Parents - Co 62198 x CoC 671
 Cane yield adsali – 159.0 t/ha
 Sugar juice – 22.50 t/ha.
 Specific characters – Mid late, high yielding, high sugared, medium thick cane, high tillering,
good ratoon ability, delayed harvesting is not affecting cane quality, moderately resistant to
smut disease.
GERMINATION % ANALYSIS
Variety& No. of No. of eye bud germinated in polybag
Release year polybag

Method 15/02/2023 30/02/2023 15/03/2023 Germination

%
Co- Single Eye
86032 bud 600 80 210 541 90.16
(1996)
Bud chipper
400 90 180 366 91.5
1000 907 90.7 %

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Result: - It is concluded from the above observation table that Bud chipper method has higher
germination % (74.0%) as compared to Single Eye bud Method germination % (62.5%) which is
11.5% higher.
Price; - 6.5 Rs / Bag (plant).

Fig- Bud chipper Fig- Treatment

Fig- Polybag after eye bud filling

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 Fig- Sugarcane plantlets for transplanting

Fig- Raised sugarcane plantlets on protray

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ACTIVITY NO 7 – FOUNDATION SEED PRODUCTION OF WHEAT

Breeder seed: The progeny of nucleus seed multiplied in large area as per indent of Department of
Agriculture and Cooperation (DOAC), Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, under
supervision of plant breeder / institute / SAUs and monitored by a committee consisting of the
representatives of state seed certification agency, national / state seed corporations, ICAR nominee and
concerned breeder. This is also hundred percent physical and genetic pure seed for production of
foundation seed. A golden yellow colour certificate is issued for this category of seed by the producing
breeder.

Source of seed; - NSP IGKV RAIPUR

Maintenance of B/s or pre -released or newly released varieties:

1 Breeder stock seed should be sown on clean fertile land on which the same crop was not grown
in previous one season.
2 The field should be properly isolated to avoid natural crossing and spread of diseases.
3 Adopt latest farm practices to raise a good crop.
4 B/s should be produced at the experimental station in the area where the variety is to be
released.
5 Sufficient spacing should be provided between and within the rows to examine individual plants
and for removal of off types.
6 Roughing should be done before flowering and when plants are removed after flowering all the
surrounding plants within one meter should be removed.
7 Harvesting the B/s should be done with utmost care. The equipment used for harvesting,
threshing and cleaning should be clean to avoid mechanical mixtures. The seed should be stored
in new gunny bags. The seed produced should be of 99.99 % pure and it is used for producing
F/s. A portion of B/s should be retained to sow a continuation of B/s

Seed Production from Breeder to Foundation Seed of Wheat variety CG Hansa

WHEAT B.N. – (Triticum aestivum)

Family- Poaceae
Chromosome No -2n=6x=42
Center of Origin – South West Asia

Introduction:
Wheat is world’s most widely cultivated food crop and in India is the second important staple cereal
food. As a rabi season (winter) crop, wheat played vital role in stabilizing the food grain production in
the country. It is mostly eaten in the form of chapaties. Besides, wheat is also consumed in various
other forms such as poories, dalia, halwa, sweet meals etc. In areas where rice is the staple food, wheat
is used in the form of upma or poories. Wheat is also used for manufacturing of bread, flakes, cakes,
biscuits etc. Wheat contains more protein [8-15% (grain), 8-13% (flour)] than other cereals. Wheat

21
proteins are of special significance. Besides their significance in nutrition, these are principally
concerned with providing the characteristic substance ‘gluten’, which is very essential for backers.

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Various Growth Stages of Wheat Plant
Wheat plant passes through various stages of growth, as described below:
1 Pre-establishment stages
Pre-emergence: Germination of seeds, which produce seminal roots and coleoptiles.
Emergence: Germinating seeds produce coleoptiles above the soil surface.
2 Vegetative stages
Seedling: The young plants establish larger root systems in their seedling stage.
Crown root stage: This coincides with three- or four-leaf stages of plant.
Tillering: Plant produces crown & branch out into tillers from their base at soil surface
Jointing: At this stage, the plant starts elongating when the nodes start developing above the
crown node.
3 Reproductive stages
Booting: In this stage, the upper most leaf swells out into flag holding the spike into it.
Heading: In this stage, the spike starts emerging out from the leaf sheath.
Flowering: At this stage, anthesis of florets and fertilization of ovaries take place.
4 Post-anthesis stages
Filling: After fertilization, the ovaries start elongating in ovules or seed passing through milk,
soft-dough and hard-dough stages.
Maturity: At this stage, the color of glumes changes and kernels become fairly hard.

Varietal characteristics; -
Variety name;- CG Hansa
 High zinc 40.04 PPM
 Excellent chapati making score 8.06
 Resistance to black, brown and yellow rust under artificial epiphytotic conditions
 Semi tall variety

Selection of Field
The field should have good soil texture and fertility.
The field selected for seed crop must be free from volunteer plants and weed plants.
The field shall be well leveled.
The field should have proper drainage.
Plot 1 hectare

Preparation of land; -
Land preparation was done on 15.11.2022 One deep ploughing with cultivator followed by rotavator
and planking immediately before sowing prepare good, firm seedbed for timely cultivation and
conservation of moisture.
Seed and sowing
Seed sowing date- 26/11/2022
Seed rate – 100 kg / ha.
Spacing- 20 cm between Row-Row
Isolation distance; - 3 Meter

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Management practices; -
Weed management-
Herbicide application date-26/12/2022
Applied herbicide Clodinafop Propargyl 15% + Metsulfuron Methyl 1% WP (Vesta)
Rouging –
Rouging date; - 1st week of March
Irrigation management-
Date -16/12/2022
First at 22 days after sowing (CRI stage).
Date- 01/01/2023
Second irrigation late tillering stage.
Date-20/01/2023
Third irrigation jointing stage
Date -17/02/2023
Fourth irrigation flowering Stage
Date – 05/03/2023
Fifth irrigation milking stage
Date – 20/03/2023
Sixth irrigation dough stage
Fertilizer management –
Recommended dose – N- 100kg/ha, P- 60kg/ha, K- 40kg/ha
Applied through
DAP – 130 kg as basal dose
MOP- 66.4 kg as basal dose
Urea– 167 kg Applied in 3 doses
55 kg while land preparation
55 kg after first irrigation
57 kg after second irrigation
Harvesting and Threshing –
Date of harvesting and threshing - 04/04/ 2023
Harvesting and threshing is done by combined harvester
Yield – 25 q grain from 10,000 m2

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Cost of cultivation of wheat in 10,000 M2
S. No. Items Rate Working Input Total cost
day or
hour
1. Labour Field 200/day 1 day 5 1000
Working preparation
Herbicide 200/day 1 day 2 400
application
Rouging 200/day 2 day 6 2400
2. Machinery Cultivator 1200/hr 2.5 hr - 3000
charge Rotavator 1200/hr 2 hr 2400
Seed drill 1000/hr 3 hr 3000

Harvester 4400
3 Seed 90/kg - 100 kg 9000
4 Fertilizer Urea 280/50kg 167 kg 924
DAP 1200/50kg 130 kg 3120
MOP 750/50kg 66 kg 990
5 Irrigation 800/ hectare 6 4800
6 Herbicide 200/500ml 3 600
7 Land revenue 25/ha 25
8 Total cost/ hectare
9 Registration Fees 400
10 Total 36,459
11 Yield – 25 qt

Income from Foundation seed programme:

Price of Foundation Seed Rs. 3200 / qt
Total value of Foundation Seed = 3200×25 =80,000=00
Net profit— Rs. 80,000-36,459 = Rs 43,541=00

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 Fig- Breeder seed tag

Fig- Foundation seed production field

26
 ACTIVITY NO 8 – FOUNDATION SEED PRODUCTION OF CORIANDER

Botanical name – (Coriandrum sativum)

Family- Apiaceae
Chromosome No -2n = 22
Center of Origin – Italy

Introduction: - Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual herb and is one of the first spice to
be used by man as common flavouring substance. It is also known as Chinese parsley, and all parts of
the plant are edible, but the fresh leaves and the dried seeds are the parts most traditionally used in
cooking as a spice. The stem, leaves and fruits have a pleasant aroma and the whole young plant is
used in preparing chutney and leaves are used for flavouring curries, sauces and soups.
Dry fruits are extensively used in preparation of curry powder, pickling spices, sausage and seasonings.
The seeds are also used as a carminative, refrigerant, diuretic and aphrodisiac.

Varietal characteristics; -
Variety name; - C.G. Shri Chandrahashni Dhania-2
 Moderately tolerant to powdery mildew and aphids
 Suitable for leafy as well as seed purpose
 High volatile oil content (0.47%)
 High yield 18.4 q/ha.
Selection of field; -
The field should have good soil texture and fertility.
The field selected for seed crop must be free from volunteer plants and weed plants.
The field shall be well leveled.
The field should have proper drainage.
Plot 1 hectare
Preparation of land; -
Land preparation was done on 25.11.2022 One deep ploughing with cultivator followed by rotavator
and planking immediately before sowing prepare good, firm seedbed for timely cultivation and
conservation of moisture.
Seed and sowing
Seed sowing date- 05/12/2022
Seed rate – 15 kg / ha.
Spacing- 25-30 cm between Row-Row
Isolation distance; - 400 Meter

Management practices; -

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Herbicide -

Pre emergence - Pendimethlin

Roughing –

Hand weeding date; - 1st week of Fabruary

Irrigation management-
Date -07/12/2022
First irrigation
Date- 25/12/2023
Second Irrigation
Date-15/01/2023
Third Irrigation
Date -10/02/2023
Fourth Irrigation
Date -05/03/2023
Fifth Irrigation
Fertilizer management –
Recommended dose – N- 70kg/ha, P- 50kg/ha, K- 30kg/ha, FYM-15-20 Ton
Applied through –
DAP – 108 kg as basal dose
MOP- 50 kg as basal dose
Urea– 108 kg
Insecticide applied - Aciphate
Harvesting and Threshing –
Date of Harvesting - 31/03/ 2023
Date of Threshing
Harvesting is done by
Threshing is done by
Yield – 5q from

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