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Environmental Engineering - Section-1

The document discusses the concentration of air pollutants, including calculations for converting concentrations to parts per million (ppm) and determining air quality index (AQI) values. It provides formulas for calculating pollutant concentration at different altitudes and partial pressures, as well as examples of converting specific pollutant concentrations. Additionally, it includes a table illustrating AQI values corresponding to PM2.5 concentrations and identifies unhealthy levels.

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34 views4 pages

Environmental Engineering - Section-1

The document discusses the concentration of air pollutants, including calculations for converting concentrations to parts per million (ppm) and determining air quality index (AQI) values. It provides formulas for calculating pollutant concentration at different altitudes and partial pressures, as well as examples of converting specific pollutant concentrations. Additionally, it includes a table illustrating AQI values corresponding to PM2.5 concentrations and identifies unhealthy levels.

Uploaded by

feval35672
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Environmental engineering

Section (1)

1- Concentration of air pollutant

1 PPM = 1,000 microgram per meter cubed (mg/m 3)

At sea level (T=288K)& p=1 atm

2- concentration of air pollutant at higher altitudes

Where:
Ch= Concentration, in mass per unit volume at altitude h and specified temperature T.
h = altitude (height), in km

C= Air pollutant concentration, in mass per unit volume at sea level Atmospheric
pressure and specified temperature T.
3- partial pressure at any altitude Ph

Ph = partial pressure of any air pollutant at any altitude h


P = partial pressure of any air pollutant at sea level

4- Calculating Air index AQI values


(𝑷𝑴𝒐𝒃𝒔 $𝑷𝑴𝐦𝐢𝐧 )(𝑨𝑸𝑰𝒎𝒂𝒙 $𝑨𝑸𝑰𝒎𝒊𝒏 )
AQI = (𝑷𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 $ 𝑷𝑴𝒎𝒊𝒏 )
+ AQImin
PMobs = observed 24- h average concentration in mg/m3
PMmax = maximum concentration of AQI color category that contains PM obs
PM min = minimum concentration of AQI color category that contains PM obs
AQI max = maximum AQI value for color category that corresponds to PM obs
AQI min = minimum AQI value for color category that corresponds to PM obs
[R= 8.20X10−5 atm. m3/gmol.K]
Sheet – 1

1-Express the following gas concentration in part per million (ppm):

a- CO2 concretion = 9000 mg/m3 [ 9ppm]


b- NO2 con. = 6.4 g/l [
c- CO con. = 550 mg/l
d- SO2 con. =140 g/m3

2- Carbon dioxide concentration is 1200 ppm at sea level (1atm and 288k. Express this
concentration in mg/m3? Is that concentration good or bad to the respiratory system?

3- The concentration of carbon monoxide CO in air is 50 g/m3 at 1 atm and t=15 Co

a- Express this concentration in ppm.


b- What the partial pressure of CO in air at sea level
c- What the concentration of CO in air at height = 4000m
d- What pressure of air in this altitude

4-the concentration of nitrogen dioxide is 0.05ppm at altitude equal to 1.8 km. what
the initial concentration of NO2 at sea level?

5-The following table illustrate the AQI (air quality index) for the corresponding
PM2.5breaking point? Calculate the AQI value at the corresponding concentration:

a- 50 mg/m3
b- 100 mg/m3
c- 150mg/m3 which one of them is unhealthy?

AQI value PM2.5 concentration


50 16.5
100 42
150 70.5
200 110
250 140
300 170
SOLUTION

1-1 PPM = 1,000 microgram per meter cubed (mg/m 3)


a- For CO2 .=9000mg/m3 ----------- CO2 .IN PPM = 9000/1000= 9ppm
b- For NO2 = 6.5g/l ------------------NO2 in ppm = 6.4 *1000= 6400 ppm
c- For CO = 550 mg/l ------------------ CO in ppm = 550 ppm
d- For SO2 = 140 g/m3----------------SO2 in ppm = 140 ppm

2- for CO2 = 1200ppm = 1200*1000 mg/m3

3- FOR CO = 50 g/m3= 50 ppm --------------------------a

Using PV = nRT

Pco= nRT/V : n/V= 50/(12+16)= 1.78 gmol /m3

T= 15+273 = 288 k , R = 8.2*10^-5 atm m3 /gmol k

Pco= 1.78 * 8.2*10^-5 *288= 0.043 atm --------------------b

At height = 4000m= 4km

Using eq,

Ch = 1.78( ( 288-6.5 *4 )/288) ^ 5.2558 = 1.08 gmol/m3--------------C

FOR P OF AIR

Ph = 1 (( 288-6.5*4) /288)) ^ 5.2558 = 0.61 atm -------------------------d

4-for NO2 = 0.05ppm AT altitude equal to 1.8 km

0.05 = C (( 288 – 6.5 *1.8 )/288 ))^ 5.2558

C OF NO2 = 0.0621 ppm

5- For AQI
A- FOR PM con. = 50 -------------USING TABLE AND the eq .
AQI = 114

b- for PM = 100 mg/m3


AQI= 187

C-for PM =150 mg/m3

AQI= 266.6

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