Communication ()اړیکه
Definition: Communication is the way we share information, ideas,
and emotions effectively.
Rules for Teaching Communication to Students:
📌 (From Your Notes)
🔹 Direction : Teach students to focus on what they want to
express.
🔸 Sender: Train them to deliver messages clearly and
confidently.
🔹 Choosing a communication Issue: Help them choose the right
communication method (spoken, written, digital).
🔸 Feedback: Encourage them to check if their message is
understood.
🔹 Verbal communication: Train them in speaking and writing
effectively.
🔸 Non-verbal communication: Show them the importance of
gestures and signs.
✅ (Additional Rules for Better Teaching)
🔹 Teach students to adapt their speech based on the listener.
🔸 Encourage them to speak naturally without memorization.
🔹 Help them develop confidence th
rough practice and role-playing.
🔸 Show them how to ask relevant questions to improve clarity.
🔹 Encourage eye contact and positive body language.
🔸 Help them avoid filler words like 'um' and 'uh' for smooth
speech.
Conversation ()مکالمه
Definition: Conversation is the process of exchanging thoughts and
ideas in a structured way to create understanding.
Rules for Teaching Conversation to Students:
📌 (From Your Notes)
🔹 Create a story and list important points on the board.
🔸 Divide the class into two groups and ask them to follow
points and present ideas.
🔹 Ask groups to talk about the points before presenting.
🔸 Give each group a different topic for conversation.
🔹 Ask them to plan their conversation and send
representatives.
🔸 Make judgments based on clarity and confidence.
✅ (Additional Rules for Better Teaching)
🔹 Encourage students to actively listen before responding.
🔸 Teach them to speak with confidence and clarity.
🔹 Emphasize polite and respectful speech.
🔸 Use role-play activities to practice real-life conversations.
🔹 Help students avoid unnecessary repetition.
🔸 Train them to stay on topic and engage others.
.
.How to Teach Speaking ( څنګه د خبرو
)مهارت ور زده کړو
Encouraging Student Talk → Use open-ended questions.
Pashto: د خالصو پوښتنو څخه کار واخلئ،زده کوونکي د خبرو کولو ته وهڅوئ.
Reducing Fear of Mistakes → Create a supportive environment.
Pashto: یوه حمایوي فضا رامنځته کړئ،د تېروتنو ویره کمه کړئ.
Balancing Accuracy & Fluency → Don’t correct every mistake
immediately.
Pashto: سمدستي ټولې تېروتنې مه اصالح،د سموالي او روانوالي تر منځ توازن وساتئ
کوئ.
Using Real-Life Situations → Teach practical conversations.
Pashto: عملي خبرې زده کړئ،د واقعي ژوند صحنې وکاروئ.
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2. Techniques for Teaching Speaking ( )د خبرو زده کړې تخنیکونه
Pair & Group Work → Encourage student interaction.
Pashto: د زده کوونکو ترمنځ تعامل ته وده ورکړئ،جوړه او ډلهییز کار وکړئ.
Role-Plays → Simulate real-life conversations.
Pashto: د ژوندی صحنو مشق وکړئ،د رول لوبولو تخنیک وکاروئ.
Picture Descriptions → Helps with vocabulary and fluency.
Pashto: دا د لغتونو او روانوالي سره مرسته کوي،د انځورونو تشریح وکړئ.
Storytelling → Develops creativity and confidence.
Pashto: دا تخلیقي مهارت او اعتماد لوړوي،کیسې ویل زده کړئ.
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3. Managing a Speaking Class ()د خبرو صنف اداره کول
Giving Clear Instructions → Demonstrate before asking students.
Pashto: یې، مخکې له دې چې زده کوونکو ته وظیفه ورکړئ،واضحه الرښوونې ورکړئ
وښایئ.
Handling Silent Students → Use easy questions to engage them.
Pashto: د ساده پوښتنو له الرې هغوی فعاله کړئ،غلي زده کوونکي تشویق کړئ.
Monitoring & Feedback → Observe and give constructive feedback.
Pashto: زده کوونکي وګورئ او د هغوی د ښه والي لپاره رغنده نظر ورکړئ.
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4. Activities for Teaching Speaking ()د خبرو د زده کړې فعالیتونه
Think-Pair-Share → Students think, discuss in pairs, then share.
Pashto: بیا شریک کړئ، په جوړه کې بحث وکړئ،فکر وکړئ.
Debates → Helps with argument formation and confidence.
Pashto: دا د استدالل جوړونې او اعتماد لپاره ګټوره ده،مناظره وکړئ.
Q&A Sessions → Improve question-answer skills.
Pashto: دا د زده کوونکو ځواب ویلو مهارت،د پوښتنو او ځوابونو غونډې تنظیم کړئ
لوړوي.
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5. Additional Important Rules ()نور مهم اصول
Use Simple Language → Speak clearly and use easy words.
Pashto: په روښانه او اسانه الفاظو خبرې وکړئ،ساده ژبه وکاروئ.
Give Enough Speaking Time → Let students speak without rushing
them.
Pashto: هغوی مه بیړه کوئ،زده کوونکو ته د خبرو لپاره کافي وخت ورکړئ.
Encourage Self-Correction → Let students correct their own mistakes.
Pashto: زده کوونکو ته اجازه ورکړئ چې خپلې تېروتنې پخپله اصالح کړي.
Make Speaking Fun → Use games and interesting topics.
Pashto: د لوبو او جذابو موضوعاتو څخه کار واخلئ،د خبرو صنف خوندور کړئ.
Use Body Language → Help students understand with gestures.
Pashto: د السونو او د مخ د حرکتونو له الرې زده کوونکو ته وضاحت ورکړئ.
Teacher-Student Interaction Rules
د ښوونکي او زده کوونکو د تعامل اصول
• Greet warmly – Start with a smile and a friendly hello.
.په تود هرکلي پیل وکړئ – د موسکا او دوستانه سالم سره ټولګی پیل کړئ
• Use names – Call students by name to build connection.
د زده کوونکو نومونه وکاروئ – د هر زده کوونکي نوم واخلئ ترڅو اړیکه رامنځته
.شي
• Make eye contact – Show attentiveness and engagement.
.د سترګو تماس ونیسئ – دا ښيي چې تاسو متوجه یاست او زده کوونکي هڅوئ
• Encourage participation – Ask questions and involve everyone.
زده کوونکي برخه اخیستو ته وهڅوئ – پوښتنې وکړئ او ټول زده کوونکي شامل
.کړئ
• Listen actively – Show interest and acknowledge responses.
.په غور واورئ – د زده کوونکو ځوابونو ته پاملرنه وکړئ او ارزښت ورکړئ
• Speak clearly – Use simple and easy-to-understand words.
روښانه او ساده خبرې وکړئ – داسې الفاظ وکاروئ چې زده کوونکي یې په اسانه
.پوه شي
• Give positive feedback – Praise efforts and correct mistakes kindly.
.مثبت فیډبیک ورکړئ – د هڅو ستاینه وکړئ او اشتباهات په مهربانۍ اصالح کړئ
• Use body language – Gestures and expressions make lessons
lively.
.د بدن ژبه وکاروئ – د السونو حرکتونه او د مخ څرګندونې درسونه جذاب کوي
• Be respectful – Stay friendly and patient.
.ادب ولرئ – دوستانه او صابر اوسئ
• Relate to real life – Connect lessons to daily experiences.
.د ورځني ژوند سره وصل کړئ – درسونه د ورځني تجربو سره وصل کړئ
• Use variety – Mix discussions, activities, and group work.
او ډله ییز کار سره ګډ کړئ، فعالیتونه،تنوع وکاروئ – بحثونه.
• Encourage questions – Make students feel comfortable asking.
پوښتنو ته وهڅوئ – زده کوونکي د پوښتنو کولو لپاره راحت احساس کړئ.
• Handle discipline calmly – Be fair and set clear rules.
د نظم په ساتنه کې ارامه اوسئ – عادل اوسئ او واضح قواعد وضع کړئ.
• Move around – Walk around to keep students engaged.
چکر ووهئ – د زده کوونکو د پام ساتلو لپاره چکر ووهئ.
• Summarize at the end – Review key points before finishing.
په پای کې لنډیز وکړئ – د درسونو مهم ټکي د پای ته رسولو څخه مخکې بیا کتنه
وکړئ.
This keeps teaching interactive, engaging, and effective!
او مؤثره ساتي، جذاب،!دا تدریس د تعامل
Here are short explanations for each term along with alternative words:
• Interaction → Talking or working together. (Chat, Connect)
• Discuss → Sharing ideas about something. (Talk about, Debate)
• Dialogue → A conversation between people. (Talk, Conversation)
• Short interaction → A quick exchange of words. (Brief chat, Small
talk)
• Long interaction → A detailed discussion. (Extended talk, Full
discussion)
• Elicitation → Getting answers by asking questions. (Prompting,
Encouraging)
• Write difficult words on the board → Showing hard words for
learning. (List words, Display words)
• Write dialogue on the board → Giving an example of a
conversation. (Show script, Present talk)
• Give time to students → Letting students think and respond. (Wait,
Allow time)
• Tell them to practice → Asking students to repeat and improve.
(Make them try, Encourage practice)
• Role play → Acting out a conversation. (Pretend, Act)
• Listen carefully → Paying full attention. (Focus, Hear well)
• Listen and respond → Hearing and answering correctly. (Reply,
React)
• Follow the procedure → Doing steps in order. (Follow steps, Obey
rules)
• Write on the board → Copying important words on the board. (Note
down, Display writing)
• Look at the board → Reading from the board. (Watch, Observe)
• Student should read it → Saying the words clearly. (Read aloud,
Go through)
• Student should do practice → Trying again to improve. (Keep
trying, Repeat work)
• Do as directed → Following the teacher’s instructions. (Obey, Follow
rules)
• Exercise → A task for practice. (Activity, Task)
• Pairs → Working with a partner. (Team, Partner up)
