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Transformer Magnetic Core Materials

The document discusses the importance of the magnetic circuit in transformers, highlighting the use of laminated iron cores to efficiently transfer electrical energy. It details advancements in core materials, particularly the addition of silicon to steel, which significantly improves performance by reducing losses. The evolution of manufacturing technologies, including cold rolling and the development of various material grades, is also addressed.

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43 views1 page

Transformer Magnetic Core Materials

The document discusses the importance of the magnetic circuit in transformers, highlighting the use of laminated iron cores to efficiently transfer electrical energy. It details advancements in core materials, particularly the addition of silicon to steel, which significantly improves performance by reducing losses. The evolution of manufacturing technologies, including cold rolling and the development of various material grades, is also addressed.

Uploaded by

surajmudiofficial
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Magnetic Characteristics

The magnetic circuit is an important active part of transformers, which transfers


electrical energy from one circuit to another. It is in the form of a laminated iron
core structure which provides a low reluctance path to the magnetic flux
produced by an excited winding. Most of the flux is contained in the core, which
reduces stray losses in structural parts. Due to research and development efforts
[1] by steel and transformer manufacturers, materials with improved
characteristics have been developed and employed with better core building
technologies. In the early days of transformer manufacturing, inferior grades of
laminated steel (according to today’s standards) were used with associated high
losses and magnetizing volt-amperes. Later, it was found that an addition of
silicon (4 - 5%) improved the performance characteristics of the material
significantly, due to a marked reduction in its eddy loss on account of an
increase in resistivity and permeability. Its hysteresis loss also reduced due to a
decrease in the area of the B-H loop. Since then the silicon steels have been in
use as the core material in most transformers.
The addition of silicon also helps to reduce aging effects. Although silicon
makes the material brittle, the deterioration in the property is not to an extent
that can pose problems during the core building process. Subsequently, a
manufacturing technology with the cold rolling process was introduced, wherein
material grains are oriented in the direction of rolling. This technology has
remained the backbone of developments for many decades, and newer materials
introduced in recent times are no exceptions. Different material grades were
introduced in the following sequence: non-oriented, hot-rolled grain-oriented
(HRGO), cold-rolled grain-oriented (CRGO), high permeability cold-rolled
grain-oriented (Hi-B), mechanically scribed, and laser scribed. Laminations with
lower thickness are manufactured and used to take advantage of their lower eddy

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