MD Suzon Ali

Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Chapter -1
(Introduction To Business Statistics)

Problem01. Draw a pie-chart for the following data :

Cost of materials Tk. 40,000; Cost of labour Tk. 30,000; Direct
Expenses of manufacture; Tk. 10,000; factory Overhead expenses
Tk. 15,000; Misc; Misc. Expenses tk. 5,000
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Solution:

Necessary Calculation for drawing pie diagram

𝒙
Type of cost Cost (Tk.) 𝜽= × 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎
∑𝒙
40,000
Cost of Materials 40,000 × 3600 = 1440
1,00,000
30,000
Cost of labour 30,000 × 3600 = 1080
1,00,000
10,000
Direct expense of manufacture 10,000 × 3600 = 360
1,00,000
15,000
Factory overhead expense 15,000 × 3600 = 540
1,00,000
5,000
Misc. expense 5,000 × 3600 = 180
1,00,000

Total ∑ 𝑥 = 1,00,000 3600

 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Problem02. Construct a stem and leaf diagram from the following

data :-
10, 8, 7, 5, 10, 13, 25, 21, 30, 16, 19, 40, 30, 50, 28,
29, 32, 33, 20, 26, 37, 39, 24, 42
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Solution:

Here, Lowest value = 5 and highest value = 50, so we have to

take first stem is o and last stem is 5.

Stem and leaf diagram

Stem Leaf Frequency

0 8, 7, 5 3
10 0, 0, 3, 6, 9 5
20 5, 1, 8, 9, 0, 6, 4 7
30 0, 0, 2, 3, 7, 9 6
40 0, 2 2
50 0 1

By arranging the leaves in ascending order the final stem and leaf
diagram is shown below
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Problem03. Earning of 40 street nut seller are given below (in Tk.) :

19 45 50 52 62 45 49 21 65 38
48 66 17 46 38 48 12 37 43 32
44 55 41 35 57 34 18 47 29 33
42 50 26 40 24 30 50 55 27 23

Required :
i. Make a frequency distribution by taking suitable class
intervals.
ii. Represent the data with a histogram and find the mode from
that histogram.
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Solution:
Req. (i)
We know,
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
Class interval, 𝐶 =
1+3.322 log 𝑁
54
=
1+3.322 log 40
54
=
1+(3.322×1.6021)
54
=
6.3222

= 8.54
Here,
Highest value = 66
Lowest value = 12
∴ Range = Highest value − Lowest value
= 66 − 12 = 54
∴ 𝐋𝐞𝐭, 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐚𝐥, 𝐂 = 𝟏𝟎

Frequency distribution table (Exclusive method)

Class Tally marks Frequency (f)
10 − 20 |||| 4
20 − 30 |||| | 6
30 − 40 |||| ||| 8
40 − 50 |||| |||| || 12
50 − 60 |||| || 7
60 − 70 ||| 3
N = 40
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Explanation of graph : “OX” axis indicate class and “OY” axis

indicate frequency. Every 5 square of “OX” axis represent 10 unit
and “OY” axis represent 2.5 unit.

Determination of mode :
Here,
Highest frequency 12 is included 40 − 50 class is 40 − 50

∆1
Mode, 𝑴𝒐 = 𝐿1 + ×𝐶
∆1 +∆2
4 Here,
= 40 + × 10
4+5
40 𝐿1 = 40
= 40 +
9 ∆1 = 12 − 8 = 4
= 40 + 4.44 ∆2 = 12 − 7 = 5
= 44.44 C = 10
Mo =?

If is clear seen on the histogram that the mode value = 44.44

 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Problem04. Draw less than and more than ogives from the data given
below :

Marks 15 − 25 25 − 35 35 − 45 45 − 55 55 − 65 65 − 75
No. of students 5 3 7 5 3 7
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Solution:
Table for calculation of less than & More than Ogive :

Less than cumulative More than

Marks No. of- students (f)
frequency cumulative
15 − 25 5 5 30
25 − 35 3 8 25
35 − 45 7 15 22
45 − 55 5 20 15
55 − 65 3 23 10
65 − 75 7 30 7
N = 30

Figure : Less than and more than ogives

Explanation of graph : “OX” axis indicate class and “OY” axis

indicate frequency. Every 5 square of “OX” axis represent 10 unit
and “OY” axis represent 5 unit.
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Problem05. Represent the following with a suitable graph :

Variable 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 50 80 35 68 24 10
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Solution:
Since the given distribution is a discrete frequency
distribution. So we represent the given data by the
following line diagram.

Explanation of graph :“OX” axis indicate class and “OY” axis

indicate frequency. Every 5 square of “OX” axis represent 1 unit
and “OY” axis represent 10 unit.
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Problem06. Draw a suitable diagram from the following data :

Income
Expenditure
Family-A Family-B
Food 400 250
Clothing 100 150
Education 160 70
Saving of deficit 20 −30
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Solution:
For better understanding we need to construct a multiple bar
diagram for the given data. The multiple bar diagram of the given
data is shown below.

Explanation of graph :“OX” axis indicate class and “OY” axis

indicate frequency. Every 5 square of “OX” axis represent 50 unit.
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Problem07. Draw an ogive curve from the following table and show
quartiles in the graph. Also find the number of workers whose
wages are above 50% :-

Wages (in th. Tk.)50 − 55 55 − 60 60 − 65 65 − 70 70 − 75 75 − 80

Number of workers 7 11 78 30 12 2
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Solution:
Table for less than ogive

Less than cumulative

Wages Number of workers
frequency
50 − 55 7 7
55 − 60 11 18
60 − 65 78 96
65 − 70 30 126
70 − 75 12 138
75 − 80 2 140
N = 140

Explanation of graph : “OX” axis indicate class and “OY” axis

indicate frequency. Every 5 square of “OX” axis represent 5 unit
and “OY” axis represent 10 unit.
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Calculation of 𝐐𝟏 :
𝑁 140
Here, = = 35 th item is included 60 − 65 class. So Q1
4 4
class is 60 − 65.
𝑁
4
−𝑓𝑐 Here,
Now, 𝑄1 = 𝐿1 + ×𝑐
𝑓𝑄1 𝐿1 =60
35−18 𝑁
= 60 + ×5 = 35
78 4
17
= 60 + ×5 𝑓𝑐 = 18
78
85 𝑓𝑄1 = 78
=60 +
78 C=5
= 60+1.09 𝑄1 =?
= 61.09

Calculation of 𝐐𝟑 :
3𝑁 3×140
Here, = = 105 th item is included 65 − 70 class. So
4 4
Q 3 class is 65 − 70.

3N
4
−fc Here,
Again, Q 3 = L1 + ×c
fQ3 𝐿1 =65
105−96 3𝑁
= 60 + ×5 = 105
30 4
9
= 65 + ×5 𝑓𝑐 = 96
30
45 𝑓𝑄3 = 30
=65 +
30 C=5
= 65+1.5 Q 3 =?
= 66.5

It is clear seen from the graph that Q1 = 61.09 and Q 3 = 66.5

 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Problem08. Daily wages of 40 workers are given below :

88 194 108 68 101 129 119 149 210 203

96 104 146 127 97 89 123 108 94 149
93 118 136 187 102 191 148 163 172 93
104 132 131 142 92 87 144 183 105 108

a) Prepare a relative frequency distribution by sunitable class interval.

b) Draw an Ogive on the above frequency distribution and estimate the
range of central 10% wages.
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Solution:

Req. (a)
We know,
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
Class interval, 𝐶 =
1+3.322 log 𝑁
142
=
1+3.322 log 40
142
=
1+3.322×1.6021
142
=
6.3222
= 22.46
∴ Let, The suitable class interval, C = 20
Here,
Highest value = 210
Lowest value = 68
∴ Range = Highest value − Lowest value
= 210 − 68 = 142

Relative Frequency Distribution table and table less then Ogive

(Exclusive Method)

Class Tally Mrks Frequency (f) Relative Cumulative

frequency frequency (e.f)
60 − 80 | 1 0.025 1
80 − 100 |||| |||| 9 0.225 10
100 − 120 |||| |||| 10 0.25 20
120 − 140 |||| | 6 0.15 26
140 − 160 |||| | 6 0.15 32
160 − 180 || 2 0.05 34
180 − 200 |||| 4 0.1 38
200 − 220 || 2 0.05 40
N = 40
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Req. (b) An Ojive Curve

Explanation of graph :“OX” axis indicate class and “OY” axis

indicate frequency. Every 5 square of “OX” axis represent 20 unit
and “OY” axis represent 5 unit.

Estimate the range of central 10% wages:

Here,
10%
= 5%
2
∴ 50% − 5% = 45% = 𝑃45
50% + 5% = 55% = 𝑃55
We have to find out 𝑃45 and 𝑃55
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Calculation of 𝑷𝟒𝟓 :
Here,
45𝑁 45 × 40
=
100 100
= 18 𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑑 100 − 120. 𝑆𝑜 𝑃45 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑠 100 − 120

45𝑁
− 𝑃. 𝑐. 𝑓
∴ 𝑃45 = 𝐿1 + 100 ×𝐶
𝑓𝑃45
18 − 10 Here,
= 100 + × 20
10 𝐿1 = 100
8
= 100 + × 20 45𝑁
10 = 100
= 100 + 16 100
𝑃. 𝑐. 𝑓 = 10
= 116
𝑓𝑃45 = 10
C = 20
𝑃45 =?
Calculation of 𝑷𝟓𝟓 :
Here,
55𝑁 55 × 40
=
100 100
= 22 𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑑 120 − 140. 𝑆𝑜 𝑃55 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑠 120 − 140.

55𝑁
− 𝑃. 𝑐. 𝑓
∴ 𝑃55 = 𝐿1 + 100 ×𝐶
𝑓𝑃55

22 − 20 Here,
= 120 + × 20
6 𝐿1 = 120
2
= 100 + × 20 55𝑁
6 = 22
= 120 + 6.67 100
𝑃. 𝑐. 𝑓 = 20
= 126.67
𝑓𝑃55 = 6
C = 20
𝑃55 =?

It is clear sear seen from the graph that 𝑃45 = 116 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃55 = 126.67
∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 10% 𝑤𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑠
= 𝑃55 − 𝑃45
= 126 − 116 = 10.67
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Problem09. The following data represent the marks in Accounting (X)

and Statistics (Y) of 15 students. Prepare a Bi-variate
frequency distribution table :

X 30 46 15 21 18 45 57 36 46 58 45 46 40 13 58
Y 74 78 48 57 70 92 80 52 74 88 62 65 75 34 40
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Solution:
Given that,
Accounting = X
Business statistic = Y

For – X :
Highest value (HV) = 58
Lowest value (LV) = 13
∴ 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝐻𝑉 − 𝐿𝑉
= 58 − 13= 45

𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
Class interval=
1+3.322 log 𝑁
45
= [ N = 15]
1+(3.322×1.1761)
45
=
1+3.9070
45
=
4.9070
= 9.17
∴ Let, The suitable class interval, C = 10

For – Y :
Highest value (H.V) = 92
Lowest value (L.V) = 34
∴ 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 (𝑅) = 𝐻𝑉 − 𝐿𝑉
= 92 − 34 = 58
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
Class interval=
1+3.322 log 𝑁
58
= [ N = 15 ]
1+(3.322×1.1761)
58
=
1+3.9070
58
=
4.9070
= 11.82
∴ Let, The suitable class interval, C = 10
 MD Suzon Ali
Ideal Commerce Care Mob- 01965105877

Bi-variate frequency Distribution Table (Exclusive method)

Accounting (X) Total
𝟏𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 − 𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎 − 𝟒𝟎 𝟒𝟎 − 𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎 − 𝟔𝟎
Statistic (Y)
30 − 40 | (1) 1
40 − 50 | (1) | (1) 2
50 − 60 | (1) | (1) 2
60 − 70 || (2) 2
70 − 80 | (1) | (1) ||| (3) 5
80 − 90 || (2) 2
90 − 100 | (1) 1
Total 3 1 2 6 3 15