Chapter-4 Modals should, may, might, can, could, ought, must, dare, need, used t0. ‘These: \Getions denoted in the main verb. ‘The peculiar nature of the Modals is that: @ — Theyraresneveriused lone) They must have a RED with ther, + Tan play the violin, (i) They have 7 ay t. * can run; they can run; you can run. (i) Theydont toe inter paricplefrm. We ca’ “se to with them or the past partcpe form or it “can driven’ etc. of the + Inmost cases they show present or future time. USES OF MODALS “shat 0 Toespressfiature with te first person 0) « Ishall sing a song tomorrow. ‘© We shall play a match in the evening. Si) Toespress command, teat or promt: 2 * You shall leave this place at once. (Command) © Ifyou make a noise, you shall be punished. (Threat) + He shall get a prize if he wins the match. (Promise) (ti) In crn amin spoken to : + Shall Tmake a cup of tea for you ? (Offer) * Which book shall I buy ? (asking to suggest) — Modal Auxiliaries ‘+ Shall the messenger wait for the reply ? (Do you want the messenger to wait ?) (iv) Ina complex sentence, however, ‘will’ and ‘shall’ — arealways used in the principal clause and never in I shall help him if he works for me. Nove (urinates ‘© We should keep our word. (a) Tepes sppastion: * If I should meet him now, he will not recognise me. (in rarest) © You should not tell a lie. G0) Toexpress ondtions + Should this happen, I will resign. (v) As past tense of shall in indirect speech : +I said that I should sing a song the next day. (Isaid, “I shall sing a song tomorrow.” (i) Aftertest (Showing fear) : * Walk carefully lest you should stumble. Direct) ap (@) In the second person and third person to express * He will gohome today. (Third person) *+ You will admit that he was in the wrong. (Second person) (i) To express intention, promise, threat and | determination : Sy * Iwill go home today. (intention) * Luill try to do better next time. (Promise) | S| * Shall the porter carry your box upstairs ? (Do you want itso?) * Twill avenge his death, (Threat) |S * Twill do or die. (Determination) | ©| Scanned with CamScannerii) To express assumption, request : ‘+ Will you please open the door ? (Request) * He will be here any time, (Assumption) (iv) To indicate characteristics or habit, insistence, “invitation : * He will be talking all the time without doing anything, (Habit) * This machine will work very well and will not give any trouble. + Will you have tea? (Characteristic) (Invitation) * He will not follow my instructions. (Insistence) Note: Intheinterrogaive sentence lisneverused | Would (Past form of will) ©) Agpamitenmelldiedtrcceness * He told me that he would go to Delhi. (Hesaid to me, “I will go to Delhi.” -Direct) ) Qepmresrminbidmhemests © He would sit all day with the book in his hand. (Here would can be substituted by used to.) (iii) Tolexpress willingness? '* I would do my best to satisfy you. (iv) Toepress ah © Would that I were wealthy ! ©) @iemenss * Would you please open the door ? (‘would you’ ? is more polite than ‘will you’ ?) a» (i) Tolexpress ability: © Ican swim across a river. “ig (ii), (Tolexpressipermission; * You can go now. SI (iii) “To express possiblity : 2 «© This road can be blocked . 5 (A theoretical possibility) « He was not able to solve the problem, (Pas) «+ Thope he will be able to solve the problem (Futury (iy @ipasabensepcamindicecbneess « He said that he could solve the problem, * (He said, “I can solve the problem’ Direct) (i) CoE ETRRnE TEES: # could swim across the river when I was a (iii) * Could you please let me have your book? (0) Toenpress possi: * This road could be blocked. (wv) is * Could use your telephone ? © Toexpress permission? * You may not go. * May I come in? Gi) | Toexpress possibility + He may come today. * The road may be blocked today due tot Procession. (ii) To indicate a purpose + Weeat that we may live. (iv) * May you live long t * May his soul rest in peace ! (i) * He might join college. Scanned with CamScannerTo express less possibitity : + He might win a prize, @) CASS: + He worked hard that he might live Gv) “Might pst form of May + He said that Ram might come. Gi) (He said, “Ram may come.” — Direct) (w) “Toexpress permission : + Might I begin my lecture ? ) CRETEEEED: * That might be the peon. ez (i) Toexpress compulsion : a + You must carry out my orders, (i) Toexpress determination : + T must finish the work by next Tuesday at any cost. (ai) To express some strong possibility : + There must be some mistakes somewhere. (vy Gaprmecbiioctionmadaty: * You must follow orders of your seniors. Note: In the negative or interrogative musts mot) # You ought to love your elders. Note: The idea of obligati with shoud or mist. However when @ feeling of duty;is involves: The is to. © The person ought to be humble. Dateasamodal auxiliary means be old enous 10 IE * Dare he fight with me? © He dare not fight with me. * She does not dare speak to her father- He dare not do it. ao « He need not go. # Need I go there ? « You need not have wasted your time in gossips. (Negative) (Toexpress past habit: ‘I used fo play in that playground when Iwas child. Use ot | oe 477 Sa, — g Soom |e roorese Ny z tunel condition | posiity | Scanned with CamScanner=) BRAVIA, 5.Tooxpress 4. Toespress: willngness. teat 5. To express polite request 4. To express past ability ‘Ayyayssod seexdxo 01 2 23, To express polite request 4. In indirect speech ‘purpose, suggestion 4. To express guess, 3, To express permission Z.To express ablgation] 9. To express duty 4. To express To express moral probabilty to give x duty advice 3.To express | 2.To express desiraviity | obligation Related to Courage 1 Toepess PastHebit 3 Toerpress 5 necessity 2 meget, sores intent Scanned with CamScannero ‘dare’, or ‘used to’. (a) This is where my father ., Put in ‘ought to’, “ +» study in hi younger days, vues (b) He seems to be in a foul mood today; 1. not ask him anything, (© How. You speak so rudely to me! You svmmmen be spanked, (a) They never have such a pessimistic outlook on life, did they? ~-he dive into the water from this height? (© She is behaving very strangely. She wun. be very quiet, but now she is making a lot of noise. (8) The boy ube very hardworking, but now he is very lazy. He pull up his socks. (i) T.s.n.mot ask forhis permission in case he says ‘no’. I wish he were as lenient a8 he won De. (You have made a list of all your requirements. Then, you would not have forgotten anything. G) How wn -se...- You say sucha thing! You be ashamed of yourself. You never so bold before. (2) Put in ‘need’, ‘must’ or their negative forms. (a) We have enough chairs in here; you + bring in any more. (&) You _ eat those mushrooms; they are poisonous. MopaLs 4 (©) You sesmnane attend the forum, but he as he is one of the speakers. (a) You..... see that film. You will find it very educational. (©) YoU sennnnnn buy the tickets as I have a few complimentary passes. (f) The invigilator said that we .. books into the examination hall. .. take any (8) YOU snesnen Study hard. You neglect your studies, (h) They nnn have paid for the damage. The fault was not entirely theirs. (i) Those whose names are called ‘come for practice today. The rest of you, who are not chosen, .. come. (She. .. pay a month’s rent in advance before she can take the room, ® Fill in the blanks with suitable modals Seeing a crow eating a piece of bread a fox thought how it (a) .. .. trick that fellow. It said, "@) I talk to you, Sir 2” The crow did not even look at the fox. The fox again said, “(c) you please pay a little attention to me ? What a nice bird you are! Your voice (€) «nme be very sweet. Tam sure you (e) ing very well.” The crow who (6. notbe persuaded till then now looked at the fox. It (g) nm have felt flattered, The crow said to himself, “I'll show this fox how well 1(h) «. sing,” It opened its beak. The piece of bread fell down and eaten away by the fox. Scanned with CamScanner 6 vIAVEScy Fill in the blanks with suitable modal. Devika :Papa, we have long autumn vacation. We @ .. visit our grandmother who has called us many times Papa :My programme is not certain so far. It (©) sennsnsne be clear by the week end. We © leave the station after that only. Devika :(d) wwe take our puppy with us? Papa :You(e) if you so like. Mother :No. You (8) not. It(g) bea cause of trouble to the whole family there. Devika :That is my responsibility. You know it b) Mother : Well, not act against my wishes. is all right then. © Complete ench sentence with a suitable modal verb. (@) You. queue up before boarding the bus. (b) Theplayers to come for practice if they ‘want to beat the other team, (©) If it rains tomorrow, we cancel the extra class - you like to come to my house on Deepavali day ? (©). She «.n..mnn listen to her father’s advice about her future husband. (© You. help your parents at home. (8) He wromnns COOK a delicious meal for ten ix mea forte hour. 7 mh) You not take advantage of people’ weaknesses, * —_ a} i) He... Not hesitate to lod t ie 8 complaint 5 op spree aan sa () Ali. take a break afte Se eer ak after that 7 be very naughty at times, child ; : 7 a eave for Australia immediately 5. his wife is ina critical condition. @ Choose the correct option. (a) The players . obey their captain ig they want to win the match. (can (ii) could (ii) may (iv) must (b). The bag was so light that I .. (i) can (ii) must (ii) may (iv) could (©) Youhave been naughty. You .. go out for a week. (won't (i) shall Gi) may Gv) could (@) That fruits poisonous. You . not eat it @ will (ii) could (ii) must (v) may (©) He. oweu fly an airplane when he was in the Air Force. @ could ao il) may Gv) must 0 x you speak English”, the teacher asked me. a foal Gi) Shall ii) May a @) Dont worry. Wen... he comes tonight. ae Gi) outa (h) The water-melon (iv) shall tasted delicious. You 2 Should be tasted (ii) ought to have tasted (The Milhave tasted (iv) shall taste Spinach curry is hot and spicy. You (i) shou ni too much chilli and pepper. i) shall (ii) couldn't At the rate (iv) must need : (iii) may Gi) had (iv) won't Scanned with CamScanner Bh