Chapter – 5 DPP

Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance C) de Vries
D) Correns
1. Genetics is the subject that deals with 7. Match Column-I with Column-II and
A) inheritance choose the correct answer from the
B) variation of characteristics codes given below.
C) reproduction Column-I Column-II
D) both (a) and (b) (A) Genetics (1) Process of
2. The basis of heredity is passing
A) variation characters from
B) inheritance parent to
C) mutation offspring
D) linkage (B) Inheritance (2) Laws of
3. Humans knew from as early as 8000– inheritance
1000 BC that one of the causes of (C) Variation (3) A branch of
variation was hidden in Biology
A) sexual reproduction (D) Mendel (4) Degree of
B) asexual reproduction difference of
progeny from
C) vegetative propagation
their parents
D) none of these
Codes-
4. Choose the incorrect statement from
the following. A B C D
A) Humans knew from very early that A) 1 4 2 3
sexual reproduction is one of the B) 4 2 3 1
causes of variation. C) 3 1 4 2
B) They exploited the variation to D) 2 3 1 4
obtain plants and animals of 8. Mendel investigated characters in the
desirable characters through garden pea plant that were manifested
selective breeding. as two
C) Sahiwal cows were obtained through A) linked traits
artificial selection and domestication B) opposing traits
from ancestral wild cows. C) similar traits
D) Our ancestors were very well aware D) none of these
about the scientific basis of 9. How many pairs of contrasting
inheritance of characters and characters in pea plants were studied
variation. by Mendel in his experiments? [AIPMT–
5. Which one from the following is the 2015]
period for Mendel’s hybridization A) Six
experiments? [NEET–2017] B) Eight
A) 1840–1850 C) Seven
B) 1857–1869 D) Four
C) 1870–1877 10. Which contrasting trait was not studied
D) 1856–1863 by Mendel during his experiments?
6. Who proposed the ‘Laws of Inheritance’ A) Seed colour
in living organisms? B) Leaf colour
A) Mendel C) Flower colour
B) Morgan D) Stem height
 Chapter – 5 DPP

11. Among the following, which one is not a C) D

dominating trait? D) C
A) Axial position of flower 15. Which technique was used by Mendel
B) Green colour of pod during his experiments on pea plant?
C) Violet colour of flower A) Artificial pollination
D) Green colour of seed B) Cross pollination
12. A true-breeding line is one that C) Self-pollination
A) has undergone continuous self- D) All of these
pollination 16. Choose the correct statement(s) from
B) shows stable trait inheritance the following.
C) shows expressions of trait for (I) During Mendel’s investigation,
several generations statistical analysis and
D) all of these mathematical logic were applied
13. Match Column-I with Column-II and to problems in Biology.
choose the correct option from the (II) Mendel investigated characters
codes given below. in the garden pea plant that were
manifested as two opposing
Column-I Column-II traits.
(A) Axial flower (1) Undergone
(III) Mendel conducted artificial
continuous
pollination experiments using
self-
pollination several true-breeding pea lines.
(B) Terminal (2) Father of (IV) Mendel selected eight true-
flower genetics breeding pea plant varieties as
(C) Mendel (3) Dominant pairs.
trait A) I and II
(D) True- (4) Recessive B) III and IV
breeding line trait C) I, II and III
D) All of these
17. The contrasting trait(s) selected by
Codes-
Mendel was/were
A B C D A) smooth or wrinkled seed
A) 3 4 2 1 B) yellow or green seed
B) 4 3 1 2 C) smooth or inflated pods
C) 1 2 4 3 D) all of these
D) 2 1 3 4 18. Assertion: Mendel conducted
14. Refer to the given figures (A–D) showing hybridization experiments on garden
traits of pea plant studied by Mendel. pea plant.
Among these, choose the dominant Reason: He proposed laws of
trait. inheritance in living organisms.
A) Both assertion and reason are true
and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
B) Both assertion and reason are true
but reason is not correct
explanation of assertion.
C) Assertion is true, but reason is false.
D) Both assertion and reason are false.
A) B
B) A
 Chapter – 5 DPP

19. Assertion: Mendel used contrasting D) 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio

traits for his studies. 24. The ‘factors’ of Mendel are today known
Reason: He used Ocimum plant for his as
experiments. A) genome
A) Both assertion and reason are true B) gene
and reason is the correct C) DNA
explanation of assertion. D) allele
B) Both assertion and reason are true 25. The slightly different forms of the same
but reason is not correct genes are called
explanation of assertion. A) genome
C) Assertion is true, but reason is false. B) DNA
D) Both assertion and reason are false. C) allele
20. Assertion: Mendel used true-breeding D) cistron
pea lines for his experiments. 26. Alleles are [AIPMT–2015]
Reason: A true-breeding line is one that A) true-breeding homozygotes
has undergone continuous self- B) different molecular forms of a gene
pollination. C) heterozygotes
A) Both assertion and reason are true D) different phenotype
and reason is the correct 27. What would be the phenotype of a plant
explanation of assertion. that had a genotype ‘Tt’? Here ‘T’
B) Both assertion and reason are true represent tall trait while ‘t’ represents
but reason is not correct dwarf trait.
explanation of assertion. A) Tall
C) Assertion is true, but reason is false. B) Intermediate height
D) Both assertion and reason are false. C) Dwarf
D) None of these
Inheritance of one Gene 28. In homozygous condition, a particular
gene has
21. The first hybrid generation of Mendel’s A) different alleles on homologous
experiment is known as chromosomes.
A) Filial1 progeny B) no alleles on homologous
B) F1-generation chromosomes.
C) Father generation C) same alleles on homologous
D) Both (A) and (B) chromosomes.
22. When Mendel crossed true-breeding tall D) none of these
and dwarf plants, in F1-generation all 29. Tall and dwarf are the two alleles of
tall plants were obtained. On self- gene of height. The dominant trait is
crossing in the F2 generation, he A) dwarf
obtained B) tall
A) 1/4th dwarf and 3/4th tall plants C) both are equally dominant
B) 3/4th dwarf and 1/4th tall plants D) both are recessive
C) 2/4th dwarf and 2/4th tall plants
D) All dwarf plants
23. During the study of inheritance of one
character in F2 generation, Mendel
obtained phenotype in
A) 2 : 1 ratio
B) 3 : 1 ratio
C) 1 : 2 : 1 ratio
 Chapter – 5 DPP

30. Match Column-I with Column-II and

choose the correct option from the
codes given below.

Column-I Column-II
(A) Genes (1) Slightly
different
forms of the
same gene
(B) Alleles (2) Genetic
composition
of an
organism
(C) Genotype (3) Physical
appearance
of an
organism
(D) Phenotype (4) Unit of
inheritance

Codes- A) A – tt, B – Tt
B) A – Tt, B – tt
A B C D
C) A – TT, B – TT
A) 4 1 2 3
D) A – Tt, B – Tt
B) 1 4 3 2
33. Choose the incorrect statement about
C) 3 2 4 1
D) 2 3 1 4 Mendel’s monohybrid cross.
31. A cross that is performed for the study A) The recessive parental trait is
of a single character is expressed without any blending in
A) dihybrid cross F2 generation.
B) test cross B) The alleles of parental pair segregate
C) monohybrid cross from each other and both alleles are
D) back cross transmitted to a gamete.
C) The segregation of alleles is a
32. The given figure is the diagrammatic random process.
representation of a monohybrid cross. D) There is a 50% chance of a gamete
In the figure, some plants are containing either allele.
mentioned as A and B. What will be the 34. The production of gametes by the
genotype of these plants? parents the formation of zygotes, the F1
and F2 plants, can be understood by
using [NEET Odisha-2019]
A) Wenn diagram
B) Pie diagram
C) A pyramid diagram
D) Punnett square
 Chapter – 5 DPP

35. Select the correct statement. [NEET- C) It also explains the proportion of 3:
2018] 1 obtained in F2-generation.
A) Franklin Stahl coined the term D) It states that characters are
‘linkage’. controlled by discrete units called
B) Punnett square was developed by a factors.
British scientist. 41. Match Column-I with Column-II and
C) Spliceosomes take part in choose the correct option from the
translation. codes given below.
D) Transduction was discovered by S
Altman. Column-I Column-II
(A) First law of (1) Law of
36. In the test cross, organism whose
inheritance segregation
genotype is to be determined, is crossed
(B) Second law of (2) 3: 1
with the inheritance
A) recessive parent (C) Monohybrid (3) Law of
B) dominant parent cross dominance
C) both parents one by one (D) Test cross (4) 1: 1
D) none of these
37. On crossing two tall plants, in F1-
generation few dwarf offspring were Codes-
obtained. What would be the genotype A B C D
of the both the parent? [NCERT A) 3 1 2 4
Exemplar] B) 1 3 4 2
A) TT and Tt C) 2 3 1 4
B) Tt and Tt D) 4 2 3 1
C) TT and TT 42. The second law of inheritance, i.e., law
D) TT and tt of segregation is based on the fact that
38. Based on his observations of A) alleles do not show any blending.
monohybrid cross, Mendel proposed B) both characters are recovered as
which law of inheritance? such in F2 generation.
A) Law of dominance C) one allele dominates the other allele.
B) Law of segregation D) Both (A) and (B)
C) Law of independent assortment 43. The factor controlling any character is
D) Both (A) and (B) discrete and independent. It was
39. According to Mendel, characters are concluded on the basis of [NCERT
controlled by discrete units called Exemplar]
A) genes A) results of F3-generation of a cross.
B) factors B) observations of a cross made
C) alleles between the plants having two
D) allelomorph contrasting traits where offspring
40. Choose the incorrect statement about shows only one trait without any
law of dominance. blending.
A) It is used to explain the expression C) self-pollination of F1-offspring.
of only one of the parental D) cross pollination of parental
characters in a monohybrid cross in generations.
F1-generation.
B) It does not explain the expression of
both parental characters in F2-
generation.
 Chapter – 5 DPP

44. In Antirrhinum (Snapdragon), a red genotype of parents?[Odisha NEET-

flower was crossed with a white flower 2019]
and in F1 generation, pink flowers were A) IAi (Male); IBi (Female)
obtained. When pink flowers were B) IAi (Male); IBIB (Female)
selfed, the F2 generation showed white, C) IAIA (Male); IBIB (Female)
red and pink flowers. Choose the D) IAIA (Male); IBi (Female)
incorrect statement from the following. 50. A person has ‘O’ blood group. His
[NEET-2019] mother has ‘A’ while father has ‘B’
A) The experiment does not follow the blood group. What would be the
principle of dominance. genotype of mother and father? [NCERT
B) Pink colour in F1 is due to Exemplar]
incomplete dominance. A) Mother is homozygous for ‘A’ blood
C) Ratio of F2 is ¼ (Red): 2/4 (Pink): ¼ group and father is heterozygous for
(white). ‘B’ blood group.
D) Law of segregation does not apply in B) Mother is heterozygous for ‘A’ blood
this experiment. group and father is homozygous for
45. It was being observed that sometimes, ‘B’ blood group.
the F1 shows a phenotype that does not C) Both mother and father are
resemble either of the two parents and homozygous for ‘A’ and ‘B’ blood
remains in between the two. It can be groups respectively.
explained by D) Both mother and father are
A) Law of dominance heterozygous for ‘A’ and ‘B’ blood
B) Law of segregation groups respectively.
C) Law of incomplete dominance 51. Which of the following characteristics
D) None of these represent ‘inheritance of blood groups’
46. The genotypic ratio obtained in in humans? [NEET–2018]
incomplete dominance is (I) Dominance
A) 3 : 1 (II) Co-dominance
B) 1 : 1 : 2 (III) Multiple dominance
C) 2 : 1 : 1 (IV) Incomplete dominance
D) 1 : 2 : 1 (V) Polygenic inheritance
47. In case of co-dominance, the F1 A) II, III and V
progeny B) I, II and III
A) resembles either of the two parents C) II, IV and V
B) is in between of parents D) I, III and V
C) resembles both the parents 52. A man with blood group ‘A’ marries a
D) none of these woman with blood ‘B’. What are all
48. A person of AB blood group has IA and possible blood groups of their
IB genes. It is an example of [NCERT offsprings? [AIPMT–2015]
Exemplar] A) A, B and AB only
A) pleiotropy B) A, B, AB and O
B) segregation C) O only
C) co-dominance D) A and B only
D) None of these
49. In a marriage between male with blood
group A and female with blood group B,
the progeny had either blood group AB
or B. What could be the possible
 Chapter – 5 DPP

53. The genotypes of a husband and wife D) pleiotropy

are IAIB and IAi. Among the blood types 57. Sometimes a single gene product may
of their children, how many different produce more than one effect. This
genotypes and phenotypes are phenomenon is known as [NCERT
possible? [NEET–2017] Exemplar]
A) 3 genotypes: 4 phenotypes A) mosaicism
B) 4 genotypes: 3 phenotypes B) pleiotropy
C) 4 genotypes: 4 phenotypes C) multiple allelism
D) 3 genotypes: 3 phenotypes D) polygeny
54. Multi alleles are present [AIPMT–2015] 58. Starch synthesis in pea seeds is an
A) at different loci on the same example of
chromosome A) multiple allelism
B) at the same locus of the B) incomplete dominance
chromosome C) co-dominance
C) on non-sister chromatids D) pleiotropy
D) on different chromosome 59. Pea seeds having Bb genotype produce
55. Match Column-I with Column-II and starch grains of
choose the correct answer from the A) large size
codes given below. B) small size
C) intermediate size
Column-I Column-II D) they do not produce starch.
(A) Dominance (1) ABO blood
60. Choose the incorrect statement from
group
the following about pleiotropy.
(B) Co- (2) Appearance
dominance of pink A) In pleiotropy, a single gene produces
flowers in more than one effect.
snapdragon B) Starch synthesis in pea seeds is
in F1 controlled by one gene.
generation C) Pea seeds having BB genotypes,
(C) Incomplete (3) Starch produce small starch grains.
dominance synthesis in D) bb homozygotes of pea produce
pea seeds wrinkled seeds.
(D) Pleiotropy (4) Appearance 61. Assertion: The law of dominance is
of violet used to explain the expression of only
flowers in F1 one of the parental characters in a
generation in monohybrid cross.
garden pea
Reason: It also explains the proportion
of 3: 1 obtained at F2 generation.
Codes- A) Both assertion and reason are true
and reason is the correct
A B C D explanation of assertion.
A) 4 1 2 3 B) Both assertion and reason are true
B) 1 4 3 2 but reason is not correct
C) 3 2 4 1 explanation of assertion.
D) 2 3 1 4
C) Assertion is true, but reason is false.
56. ABO blood grouping is a good example
D) Both assertion and reason are false.
of
A) incomplete dominance
B) mutation
C) multiple alleles
 Chapter – 5 DPP

62. Assertion: The pink flower of dog plant B) the alleles of two genes are
show incomplete dominance. interacting with each other.
Reason: In pink flowers, both alleles are C) it is a case of multiple allelism.
expressed equally. D) the alleles of two genes are
A) Both assertion and reason are true segregating independently.
and reason is the correct 68. The numbers of phenotypes and
explanation of assertion. genotypes in F2 generation of a
B) Both assertion and reason are true Mendelian dihybrid cross are [NCERT
but reason is not correct Exemplar]
explanation of assertion. A) phenotypes 4: genotypes 16
C) Assertion is true, but reason is false. B) phenotypes 4: genotypes 8
D) Both assertion and reason are false. C) phenotypes 9: genotypes 4
63. Assertion: A person having IAIB D) phenotypes 4: genotypes 9
genotype has AB blood group. 69. Mendel’s law of independent
Reason: IA and IB alleles are co- assortment is true for the genes
dominant situated on the [NCERT Exemplar]
A) Both assertion and reason are true A) same chromosome
and reason is the correct B) non-homologous chromosomes
explanation of assertion. C) homologous chromosomes
B) Both assertion and reason are true D) extra nuclear genetic element
but reason is not correct 70. Genes A and B are linked. The F1
explanation of assertion. heterozygote of a dihybrid cross
C) Assertion is true, but reason is false. involving these genes is crossed with
D) Both assertion and reason are false. homozygous recessive parental type
(aabb). What would be the ratio of
Inheritance of two Genes offspring in the next generation?
[NCERT Exemplar]
64. Crosses that are performed to study A) 1: 1
two contrasting characters at a time are B) 1: 1: 1: 1
called C) 9: 3: 3: 1
A) monohybrid cross D) 3: 1
B) dihybrid cross 71. Mendel’s work remained unrecognized
C) test cross for many years. Find out the true
D) back cross reason for the same.
65. The phenotypic ratio obtained by (I) Mendel’s concept of genes was
Mendel in his dihybrid cross was not accepted by his
A) 1 : 2 : 1 : 2 contemporaries as an
B) 3 : 2 : 2 : 1 explanation for the continuous
C) 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 variation seen in nature.
D) 2 : 3 : 1 : 2 (II) The approach of using
66. The third law of inheritance proposed mathematics was new and
by Mendel is unacceptable by other biologists.
A) Law of dominance (III) He could not provide any
B) Law of independent assortment physical proof for the existence
C) Law of incomplete dominance of factors. (IV) Communication
D) Law of segregation was not easy in those days and
67. The ratio 9: 3: 3: 1 of a dihybrid cross his work could not be widely
denotes that [NCERT Exemplar] published.
A) it is a multigenic inheritance. A) I and II
 Chapter – 5 DPP

B) II and III assortment

C) III and IV (D) T. H. (4) Chromosomal
D) All of these Morgan theory of
72. Mendel’s results on the inheritance of inheritance
characters were rediscovered by:
A) de Vries Codes-
B) Correns
C) von Tschermak A B C D
D) all of these A) 3 1 4 2
73. Among the following, who noted that B) 1 4 3 2
the behaviour of chromosomes was C) 2 3 1 4
parallel to the behavior of genes? D) 4 2 3 1
A) Walter Sutton 77. Morgan performed his experiments on
B) Theodore Boveri A) Garden pea
C) Von Tschermak B) Drosophila
D) Both (A) and (B) C) Snapdragon
74. Refer to the given figure showing D) None of these
meiosis and germ cell formation in a 78. When two genes are located on the
cell with four chromosomes. Which law same chromosome, the proportion of
of Mendel can be effectively explained parental gene combination is
by this figure? A) higher than non-parental
B) lower than non-parental
C) equal to non-parental
D) None of these
79. Genes which are present on the same
chromosome [NCERT Exemplar]
A) do not form any linkage group.
B) affect the phenotype by forming
A) Law of dominance interactive groups.
B) Law of segregation C) form a linkage group.
C) Law of independent assortment D) form different groups depending
D) All of these upon their relative distance.
75. The chromosomal theory of inheritance 80. The term used to describe the
was proposed by generation of nonparental gene
A) Sutton combination is
B) Boveri A) linkage
C) Morgan B) recombination
D) Both (A) and (B) C) mutation
76. Match Column-I with Column-II and D) none of these
choose the correct option from the 81. Which type of relationship is found
codes given below. between the distance of genes and
percentage of recombination? [NCERT
Column-I Column-II
Exemplar]
(A) Mendel (1) Rediscovery of
Mendel’s law A) Inverse
(B) Correns, (2) Worked on B) Parallel
Tschermak Drosophila C) Direct
and Vries melanogaster D) None of these
(C) Sutton and (3) Law of
Boveri independent
 Chapter – 5 DPP

82. Among the following which will not 85. The concept of genetic map was given
cause variations among siblings? by
[NCERT Exemplar] A) de Vries
A) Linkage B) Morgan
B) Independent assortment of genes C) Sturtevant
C) Crossing over D) Mendel
D) Mutation 86. Assertion: Mendel proposed the law of
83. Match Column-I with Column-II and independent assortment on the basis of
choose the correct answer from the results of dihybrid cross.
codes given below. Reason: When two pairs of traits are
combined in a hybrid, segregation of
Column-I Column-II one pair of characters is independent of
(A) Linkage (1) Non-parallel
the other pair of characters.
gene
A) Both assertion and reason are true
combination
and the reason is the correct
(B) Recombination (2) Genetic map
(C) Sturtevant (3) Unit of explanation of assertion.
distance B) Both assertion and reason are true
between but the reason is not the correct
genes explanation of assertion.
(D) Centimorgan (4) Physical C) Assertion is true but reason is false.
association D) Both assertion and reason are false.
of genes 87. Assertion: The chromosomal theory of
inheritance was proposed by T. H.
Morgan.
Codes-
Reason: Morgan worked on garden pea
A B C D plants to give this theory.
A) 3 2 4 1 A) Both assertion and reason are true
B) 2 3 1 4 and the reason is the correct
C) 4 1 2 3 explanation of assertion.
D) 1 4 3 2 B) Both assertion and reason are true
84. What map unit (centimorgan) is but the reason is not the correct
adopted in the construction of genetic explanation of assertion.
maps? [NEET–2019] C) Assertion is true but reason is false.
A) A unit distance between two D) Both assertion and reason are false.
expressed genes, representing 10% 88. Assertion: Morgan coined the term
cross over. linkage to describe the physical
B) A unit distance between two association of genes on a chromosome.
expressed genes, representing 100% Reason: Linkage shows more non-
cross over. parental type combination of genes.
C) A unit distance between genes on A) Both assertion and reason are true
chromosomes, representing 1% and the reason is the correct
cross over. explanation of assertion.
D) A unit distance between genes on B) Both assertion and reason are true
chromosomes, representing 50% but the reason is not the correct
cross over. explanation of assertion.
C) Assertion is true but reason is false.
D) Both assertion and reason are false.
 Chapter – 5 DPP

Sex Determination (D) XO-types of (4) Allosomes

sex
determination
89. X-body was discovered by
A) Mendel
B) Morgan Codes-
C) Henking
D) de Vries A B C D
90. In XO type of sex determination, who (a) 2 4 1 3
does possess the X chromosome? (b) 4 2 1 3
(c) 3 1 4 2
A) Female
(d) 1 3 2 4
B) Male
96. XY type of sex determination is found in
C) Sometimes female and sometimes
A) Drosophila
male
B) humans
D) None of these
C) grasshopper
91. X-chromosome is designated as
D) both (A) and (B)
A) autosome
97. Choose the incorrect statement about
B) sex chromosome
XY type of sex determination.
C) somatic chromosome
A) Both males and females have same
D) none of these
number of chromosomes.
92. Which type of sex determination is
B) The counter part of X chromosome
found in grasshoppers?
is distinctly smaller and called Y
A) XX – XY type
chromosome.
B) XX – XO type
C) Males and females possess different
C) ZZ – ZW type
number of autosomes.
D) None of these
D) This type of sex determination is
93. In a specific taxon of insects, some
found in Drosophila.
possess 17 chromosomes while others
98. Male heterogamety is found in
have 18 chromosomes. These 17 and
A) grasshopper
18 chromosomes bearing organisms are
B) Drosophila
[NCERT Exemplar]
C) humans
A) All males
D) all of these
B) All females
99. In female heterogamety, females
C) Females and males, respectively
produce
D) Males and females, respectively
A) one type of gametes
94. In Drosophila, males possess
B) two types of gametes
A) XO chromosomes
C) three types of gametes
B) XX chromosomes
D) none of these
C) XY chromosomes
100. ZZ/ZW type of sex determination is
D) YY chromosomes
the characteristics feature of [NCERT
95. Match Column-I with Column-II and
Exemplar]
choose the correct option from the
A) platypus
codes given below.
B) snails
Column-I Column-II C) peacock
(A) X-body (1) Autosomes D) cockroach
(B) X and Y (2) Henking
chromosome
(C) Somatic (3) Grasshopper
chromosome
 Chapter – 5 DPP

101. Among the following, which has a 105. Match the items of Column I with
different mechanism of sex Column II.
determination?
A) Birds
B) Humans Column-I Column-II
C) Drosophila (A) XX-XO (1) Turner’s
D) None of these method of sex syndrome
102. Refer to the given figure which is determination
followed by few statements. Choose (B) XX-XY (2) Female
the incorrect statement about it. method of sex heterogametic
determination
(C) Karyotype-45 (3) Grasshopper
(D) ZW-ZZ (4) Female
method of sex homogametic
determination

A) It shows male heterogamety.

B) Both possess same types of Codes-
autosomes. A B C D
C) The sex of progeny is determined A) 4 2 1 3
by females. B) 2 4 1 3
D) This type of sex determination is C) 1 4 2 3
different from humans. D) 3 4 1 2
103. In humans, sex is determined by 106. Select the incorrect statement.
A) females A) Male fruit fly is heterogametic.
B) males B) In male grasshoppers, 50% of
C) environmental factors sperms have no sex chromosome.
D) none of these C) In domesticated fowls, sex of
104. Match Column-I with Column-II and progeny depends on the type of
choose the correct option from the sperm rather than egg.
codes given below. D) Human males have one of their
sex chromosome much shorter
Column-I Column-II
than the other.
(A) XO-type (1) Drosophila
107. Assertion: Grasshoppers show male
(B) XY-type (2) Grasshopper
heterogamety.
(C) ZZ-ZW (3) Birds
type Reason: Male grasshoppers produce
(4) Humans two types of gametes.
progeny from A) Both assertion and reason are true
their parents and the reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
B) Both assertion and reason are true
Codes- but the reason is not the correct
A B C explanation of assertion.
(a) 1,4 2 3 C) Assertion is true but reason is
(b) 2 1,4 3 false.
(c) 3,2 1 4 D) Both assertion and reason are
(d) 4 3 2,1 false.
 Chapter – 5 DPP

108. Assertion: In fruitfly, sex of progeny is 113. The factors that cause mutations are
decided by females. called
Reason: Females produce two types of A) mutagens
gametes. B) teratogens
A) Both assertion and reason are true C) allergens
and the reason is the correct D) none of these
explanation of assertion. 114. An analysis of traits in several of
B) Both assertion and reason are true generations of a family is called
but the reason is not the correct A) mutation
explanation of assertion. B) pedigree analysis
C) Assertion is true but reason is C) genetic map formation
false. D) none of these
D) Both assertion and reason are 115. In a pedigree analysis, the given
false. symbol represents
109. Assertion: Birds show female
heterogamety.
Reason: In birds, the sex of progeny is
determined by males.
A) Both assertion and reason are true
and the reason is the correct A) affected individuals
explanation of assertion. B) mating
B) Both assertion and reason are true C) consanguineous mating
but the reason is not the correct D) unspecified sex
explanation of assertion. 116. Pedigree analysis is used to study the
C) Assertion is true but reason is inheritance pattern of a gene over
false. generations. The character that is
D) Both assertion and reason are studied in the pedigree analysis is
false. equivalent to [NCERT Exemplar]
A) Mendelian trait
Mutation and Genetic Disorders B) Maternal trait
C) Polygamic trait
110. The phenomenon which results in D) Quantitative trait
alteration of DNA sequences is 117. Mendelian disorders are mainly
A) mutation determined by alteration or mutation
B) transpiration in the
C) transcription A) chromosomes
D) translation B) single gene
111. Chromosomal aberrations are C) array of genes
commonly observed in D) none of these
A) cardiac cells 118. Among the following which one is a
B) cancer cells Mendelian disorder?
C) skeletal cells A) Haemophilia
D) none of these B) Sickle cell anaemia
112. A classical example of point mutation C) Cystic fibrosis
is D) All of these
A) gout
B) night blindness
C) sickle cell anaemia
D) Turner’s syndrome
 Chapter – 5 DPP

119. Choose the incorrect statement about 124. Haemophilia A and B are due to
Mendelian disorders. deficiencies of respectively clotting
A) These are usually caused by factor
mutation in a single gene. A) VIII and IX
B) These disorders are transmitted to B) IX and VIII
the offspring according to the laws C) VII and IX
of inheritance. D) X and VII
C) Mendelian disorders are always 125. Sickle cell anaemia is a/an
sex linked. A) sex-linked recessive disease
D) The trait in question can be B) sex-linked dominant disease
dominant or recessive. C) autosomal recessive disease
120. A genetic disease transmitted from a D) autosomal dominant disease
carrier female that is phenotypically 126. In sickle cell anaemia, valine replaces
normal to only some male progeny is glutamic acid. This valine is coded by
[NCERT Exemplar] the triplet [NCERT Exemplar]
A) sex-linked dominant A) AAG
B) sex-linked recessive B) GGG
C) autosomal dominant C) GUG
D) autosomal recessive D) GAA
121. Refer to the given pedigree analysis. It 127. Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) is
is related to the analysis of transferred from parents to offspring
when
A) father is affected and mother is
normal.
B) father is normal and mother is
carrier.
C) father is normal and mother is
affected.
D) both mother and father are carrier.
128. Match Column-I with Column-II and
choose the correct option from the
A) autosomal dominant trait
codes given below.
B) autosomal recessive trait
C) sex-linked dominant trait Column-I Column-II
D) sex-linked recessive trait (A) Myotonic (1) Autosomal
122. Haemophilia is a/an dystrophy recessive
A) sex-linked recessive disease (B) Sickle cell (2) Sex-linked
B) sex-linked dominant disease anaemia recessive
C) autosomal recessive disease (C) Haemophilia (3) Sex-linked
D) autosomal dominant disease dominant
123. The possibility of a female becoming a (D) Rett (4) Autosomal
haemophilic is syndrome dominant
Codes-
A) extremely high
B) extremely rare A B C D
C) equal to a male (a) 4 1 2 3
D) none of these (b) 4 2 3 1
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 2 3 4 1
 Chapter – 5 DPP

129. Thalassemia and sickle cell anaemia 135. Condition of having 2n ± 1 or 2n ± 2

are caused due to a problem in globin chromosomes is called [NCERT
molecule synthesis. Select the correct Exemplar]
statement. [NEET–2017] A) polyploidy
A) Both are due to a quantitative B) aneuploidy
defect in globin chain synthesis. C) allopolyploidy
B) Thalassemia is due to less D) monosomy
synthesis of globin molecules. 136. An increase in a whole set of
C) Sickle cell anaemia is due to chromosomes in an organism is called
quantitative problem of globin A) aneuploidy
molecules. B) linkage
D) Both are due to qualitative defect C) polyploidy
in globin chain synthesis. D) none of these
130. The person suffering from 137. Condition (2n + 1) of chromosomes is
phenylketonuria disease lacks enzyme known as
A) phenylalanine hydroxylase A) trisomy
B) phosphates B) monosomy
C) enolase C) polyploidy
D) none of these D) haploidy
131. Phenylketonuria is an inborn error in 138. Match Column-I with Column-II and
which affected individual lacks an choose the correct option from the
enzyme that converts codes given below.
A) phenylalanine into tyrosine
B) tyrosine into phenylalanine Column-I Column-II
(A) Deletion (1) Loss of a gene
C) glutamic acid into valine or a segment of
D) valine into glutamic acid chromosome
132. Phenylketonuria is a/an (B) Duplication (2) A segment of
A) autosomal dominant trait chromosome is
B) autosomal recessive trait turned around
180° within a
C) sex-linked dominant trait
chromosome
D) sex-linked recessive trait
(C) Inversion (3) Presence of a
133. If a colourblind man marries a women gene or
who is homozygous for normal colour segment of
vision, the probability of their son chromosome
being colour blind is [NEET–2016] more than once
A) 0.75 (D) Translocation (4) Exchange of
segments
B) 1 between two
C) 0 homologous
D) 0.5 25. chromosomes
134. The chromosomal disorders are
caused due to
Codes-
A) absence of one or more
chromosomes A B C D
B) excess of one or more A) 1 3 2 4
chromosomes B) 4 2 3 1
C) abnormal arrangement of C) 3 1 4 2
chromosomes D) 2 4 1 3
D) all of these
 Chapter – 5 DPP

139. Match Column-I with Column-II and A) formation of abnormal ova in the
choose the correct option from the mother.
codes given below. B) fusion of two ova and one sperm.
C) fusion of two sperms and one
Column-I Column-II ovum.
(A) Aneuploidy (1) An increase in
D) formation of abnormal sperms in
whole set of
the father.
chromosomes
(B) Polyploidy (2) 2n + 1 144. What is the genetic disorder in which
(C) Trisomy (3) Gain or loss of an individual has an overall
a chromosome masculine development,
(D) Monosomy (4) 2n − 1 gynaecomastia and is sterile? [NEET-
2019]
Codes- A) Turner’s syndrome
B) Klinefelter’s syndrome
A B C D C) Edward’s syndrome
A) 1 3 4 2 D) Down’s syndrome
B) 3 1 2 4 145. In which genetic condition, each cell
C) 4 2 3 1 in the affected person, has three sex
D) 2 4 1 3
chromosomes XXY? [NEET Odisha-
140. A disease caused by an autosomal
2019]
primary nondisjunction is [NEET-
A) Turner’s syndrome
2017]
B) Thalassemia
A) Klinefelter’s syndrome
C) Kleinfelter’s syndrome
B) Turner’s syndrome
D) Phenylketonuria
C) Sickle cell anaemia
146. A disorder caused due to the absence
D) Down’s syndrome
of one of the X chromosomes is
141. Refer to the given figure. It is showing
A) Turner’s syndrome
the characteristic features of
B) Down’s syndrome
C) Klinefelter’s syndrome
D) Edward’s syndrome
147. Assertion: The possibility of a female
becoming a haemophilic is extremely
rare.
Reason: For being haemophilic, the
mother of such a female has to be at
least carrier and the father should be
A) Down’s syndrome haemophilic.
B) Turner’s syndrome A) Both assertion and reason are true
C) Klinefelter’s syndrome and the reason is the correct
D) None of these explanation of assertion.
142. The disease caused by the trisomy of B) Both assertion and reason are true
chromosome number 21 is but the reason is not the correct
A) Turner’s syndrome explanation of assertion.
B) Haemophilia C) Assertion is true but reason is
C) Klinefelter’s syndrome false.
D) Down’s syndrome D) Both assertion and reason are
143. An abnormal human baby with ‘XXX’ false.
sex chromosomes was born due to
[AIPMT-2015]
 Chapter – 5 DPP

148. Assertion: Aneuploidy is the gain or 149. Assertion: Klinefelter’s syndrome is

loss of chromosomes. caused due to the presence of an
Reason: It is caused due to the failure additional copy of X-chromosome.
of cytokinesis after telophase stage of Reason: Such individuals are sterile.
cell division. A) Both assertion and reason are true
A) Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct
and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
explanation of assertion. B) Both assertion and reason are true
B) Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct
but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
explanation of assertion. C) Assertion is true but reason is
C) Assertion is true but reason is false.
false. D) Both assertion and reason are
D) Both assertion and reason are false.
false.
 Chapter – 5 DPP

ANSWER KEY
PRINCIPLE OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION

Q 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
Ans D B A D D A C B C B
Q 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans D D A A D C D B C B
Q 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans D A B B C B A C B A
Q 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Ans C A B D B A B D B B
Q 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
Ans A D B D C D C C B D
Q 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans B B B B A C B D C C
Q 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
Ans B C A B C B D D C B
Q 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
Ans D D D D D A B A C B
Q 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
Ans C A C C C B D C C A
Q 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
Ans B B D C A D C D B C
Q 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110
Ans A A B B D C A D C A
Q 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
Ans B C A B C A B D C D
Q 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130
Ans A A B A C C D A B A
Q 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140
Ans A B C D B C A A B D
Q 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149
Ans A D A B C A A C B