[ syitabus ie What is HCl-design, Models, Evaluation, Need to understand people, Computers, and methog, Basic human abiliies- vision, Hearing, Touch, Memory. Computers: Speed, Interfaces, Widgets, and effects on interaction. Human : Memory, Attention span, Visual Perception, Psychology, Ergonomics, Understanding Users. Matheds for evaluation of interfaces with users : Goals of evaluation, Approaches, Eth Introspection, Extracting the conceptual model, Direct observation, Constructive interaction, Interviews and questicnnaires, Continuous evaluation via user feedback and field studies, nod, Choosing an evaluation 1 mnie reel 1.1 Introduction This chapter emphasizes major objective and outcome along with important discussi presented as follows : = Objective : To design, implement, and evaluate effective and usable Hunan Computer interfaces, : Outcome : To evaluate the basic of hurnan and computational abilities and limitations, Important Discussions : ~The keyboard and mouse are currently the main interfaces between man and computer, - Humans communicate mainly by vision and sound, therefore, a man-machine interface would be more intuitive if it makes greater use of vision and audio Fecognition. The user not only oa communicate from a distance but need have no physical contact with the computer. Hows! unlike audio commands, a visual system would be preferable in noisy environments ol situations where sound would cause a disturbance. i: > _The way humans interact with computers is constantly evolving, with the general purpose bein Increase the efficiency and effectiveness by which interactive tasks are completed, Real: Static hand gesture recognition affords users the ability to interact with computers in more r and intuitive ways. aeen hand acing ad gesture ection an Ingortaneaben he edo Hum nvr erctin (HG. sre han ation a gesture ol sae vn reas eecoopuasinor ata wey nyse Pa sea meaing td eye at ‘he ara dot reoriwho unset Langage ar sat torn commueton What is Hol? 7 autor teaeion (HO ps sg role in cama len a ote sition lrg wth et dco n rena. 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Seton nco6S sh cen ee hi cn he ste anton ty sobs cree dita Secon sles mpertetcol a r e ‘abl sci Bang orat mithod on ert exit and procues arpa” np (b) Ennansod OA wodst rir 1h foi tel ton Mic ON) pot epee nse eon eg ere oie i tS, :lntrtes ober may comin various Iie ena ‘command ttn tn Bae batons deck boar ar pao oer ‘presen Spe atone tat ae posse wih conan buns arg wh ni Sia pean ha re pone wih cera btn song wh mae [erated by herird ant neueamortisation ms fete aoe (Al treat eed oes ere by btn ng ~ letra panded (nis eRe sone he dep te sing nn ehovt te Tessepe ie ep tent tn ke. antes cpa om 42 Visual Parcaption al pret rl nth onesie of bed sna berg he nga a ered humana, he hears pate: sa ote 43 Reading he essed tg cert et for nay rps ses nt eee “srGortgon eeed wg eecg proves sda tls to nae urdentnd nd anh nol mente ae gt to ech ge tongs hap doves 2 hh DMA and ep noes ees ushe sy nd naa. 24° Numan or $US est 5 put dove wo eee sett and compte the cammiaten anon De Reirson is pvatespeeth weg mene | | a un inp SAY 47 pottoe oime Com! com 1322 Processing Sound a ~ Metin rg ti as mee Rha fn with weneteentte Gonos Be proce. _& Fichlethefrtweney ofthe sound aw froncy press. Alou pt a ph eWtNDy aN $e 1 atte sonal 0 te ye tte aude oe uns esneney et ~ Tne thy of sud er ray hae same peh nd ress Bb ade by ater: ncurinvndsvrsncne ~ Pale nar eget Bo an ne Sontctarstasnaeec tare sane ‘8s Cfaen) ~ Touts semesstt el bse Tou ean pac ~ Tul eves awh an aon Genre. ae et th ‘etn rat col wc Sere tara Waring TUS Pres wh etn wen veertentict ene ~ Tetapin ofthe tom tate ir aedneing thet ne ln ete ‘se Soph ese Tesh irre yes efter: ETI Temes rapontta tet one t IW eke :respontea tne ese es md 1 sod tps 134 Hum emery > Ap emt tsi meray ot mud omen mena a he pot ‘EMT Tc sg ge ed on iy ha ony ep oe Flt rengopessruneathemnnes,EME Himan Compu ieee SPU) 0 _ Fondant Couto: ection Eten Compt nnn uy 2 a) Theses ent 1 tanenenoyteveadsind YANN hed the Sees. Array meme st fr exh {it ele merory for aura stimuat fst SE) (1 Haptcmemerfertouch, Pose Sample (1 eanememon, Moving grin fro of be ye. Can yo seein mare then eect ace Tis ndkates pester ofthe afer the sun hee eve ) edelememary ~ Tiss evened cur ely toscana the crecton ar wich ound ert, Hove yu eer hat store ask you quan whan yen ra enh? Ye sk he 1 "epettba question, ony tara tty wht wees haa ae 13.42 Ghorttermmomery ‘Thi 2 as Serta for emporr eal of Inmate soe noraten woe oni eq ecu Example ~ Galva te muipeson 356 in our ese cones re ht as wi ev don his ‘alvin n apes pena Sx Gand then 35rd aed esis rou may hove wee ‘achat 23nd eaalte 235+ Tfllowsd by 370 #220. 1o perm callow 5 settewe nen ta serene itemadiat stage ruc. Shorter memery aso has aimed esi. Tir are te base mahod or easing Caps. The fst noes detrnine the leno of 2 zeuens hi an bo rrembared i order the seconds ts tb rey recalled nay eee. xis f—! Sree Fig 732 Model of ahertterm memory 1.343( Cong:ten: Momery > ~ Sorte mean so warn maneey oF “SREP, ong tem mene RIE ee Wa Te EERE] ti erent rowdpe_ pea ‘vou fc eer ator nae, im wen rene rapa en 7 inde teney "smart eceser out memory evantseeexerennt in ta AI Seman menart ‘tensed retor ff, coneaps and het we ve sce 1.4 Computers In cer lent as ath vs asset sich sped rs, bs rcs, wg cael Bate ested seven ie 144 Speed ~ ome te expecta n comaaatetgh ith sped clays a apres vane rsa esr ad oe seerign Compu matin SPPY) 140 Faun! tun Camper tomy 3 Hana Gorse 00 cos of eonpiter aeseng cent on Ne sed ole ean eee 42 interscos ncn, a etc a hoe hendoy rt which tee scrte engones ten exarge inforaton Tie eSAEE an OF pein faa compu 43 Whagets Soom wc erairsedtonafaus lon in ata ide ary of eran meng in, vas, one. 44 Effect on interaction anbyede ed eran of aman ori nef wos ile of ommancaton tat ae zat ape 5 Human S51. Human skemory she taco ork oftoman mans. 52 anention Span seers presto ptomance nd rai, ese 186 om m in ey ncn opal 7 vi pment ht fe corms wit we eacualissgab at aS lan term aterm rors eet ems a pam cw ere of Une of rites 53. Visua! Perception ol aeons te st phase foe vlan pi fr Hl penta dea wh tectonic Se 5 us i coor se, FEAT cee ve ul rcp crn tie tae 41.54 Peycholoay Pestle depends rap ons una Ue aTneny nator kaon 155 Engonomies rer esa ener nd contort ed vont ~ el nrc ov se ir ety an pcp ite nd mom sits er toners solo settembre ie eT yg cane rare ees ras whet ree wwe wie Hettertoferpgarslnodenantis the svtecaneptalmed % seme 2. ove nels § Petpe 4.86 Understanding Usere ye urcertand? = cee wen ecg eee ~ Wore ese anefage abet unis anand peed de ~ lean ae ete nd aoe Supa msg Wo, gan am hd on ied othe den of beter easier, 16 _ Methods for Evaluating of interfaces with Users. 18) Goole of Santon — sss onendof ston teeny = sree timc ote = evtrsrecte pater, Check teenie ttt fl ten eeeHuman Comoe nate 1:42 Soa etn Hynee Conger srry i ~ Ivette how senology eta weing retin, 4.65. Extracting the Conceptual Model ~ Inpro th uabityofan exis product. stow Stowe wire rages 183. Approachos 1D, Thegaermaiectr - frlonon et the uri, fncnaty ear feat ter et sortie’ ys ert li) peat spam sens dng ~ Some sppoatesere bnedan exper eehstion —_—_ ~ Hoven usr ayo ea thot an een re Who they would peo a peter tae Some sppoaciesino ewes tin ve oma conceit mad Leprol metas 2. been metoee : ee ~ Cone adel eneon appoack ele or exacting # nor nent eit stan agate ace never b st hha ge he ag 469 Ethios ‘Yourust ot ese your moje eres 4) ta-now io pson persona can have et tna le vawe, 1) Fermave- The 3, apt slr tha astra boe a torah 185, Direct Observation ist asi Ceuenatan okies wating an Iceng to the Ue, Obsevng kar ira nspinecy _stirae ee eau co el You ermous aeREaawt ws a De Prat abuse ai iio oe Sa yc ow maT Ty saps them and wit othe spor est C#Urpeaet ence —ErT— _ Dron mired by ne ma eat tert 1.87 Constructive Interaction mp br seule be ania inary me esos a sae rol. ~Farebanconn form aed an seed = connuctientereton by sng pas of sacs to make colaborie dss bet process through pers 1.64 lorospoction The min arena othe a yea ch set of quae dt shat re al ~ Desens thestemor rotor ut losgtitohew ha oor perce svatons, hw they shot relens. 1 cuteenore? iris and Quests: 2 tema end a “ ase atervions ‘anprobabiy nee somemalr poles ney vin ing ear oyu Giana techie ~ Ft a inna our ers ene ination, 1 Norcal escoaetay suv. = Ametnoa freon acta opaonethe ve: Neal rrompaceris nani wrtFaucet uni, ~Heastysore yon ineniewer ssn tone aerate tie = Open andedtevew + slows fore alae ecg Sassen be anid ~ Nespauenione spl be csr ard concen = Grp questions apgroptateiy aed penanation Pl auntnmae before cute eal ueasaabi ohne tt ny ee pan ak gst be ptetel robes Ileenasgaedasthe questions ieomsinn Continuous Evaluation via User Feedback and Field Studies riinucus evaluation sy te stages of devant ~ apobtemin net elaee ar foeact ia renee ers conrovide eect gn io sg the ss Caso states sya sytem ung” Gost oresig else e + bees onerer mnt bea 1.8: Choosing an Evaluation Method 1 When inroes Deserve, (0) Stfeteaiaien —tstomtr el (0 Hew sieve sje Voice. 1) Treotmeasres atta Veqanna IM Gevatinfrmsion Mgr lone IM tewotierrence :—Obte Yuet Recover maine Tenses queen epern (seo 21 nate inate fe varpatesnens nha? 22 Satan consreonaiean Manan Compe 4 ae som tet ony Haran een tov tn (© Menoy 0) ese © smn (0) vostrerann 0.4 ats i af Peeony, meri, an Ucanarang HE? 0.8 Wins dew statonty Couper eal evn to 3) lp ss B suletnboads (0) Spee A eval nad ~ Bestombirad with woul seating fy at I) tears says et arvopanse to thesis, ()_stecten wtazion eats5_Feucstons of man Coney neraton Wren starr of ting retain an lensing iis of ia? st own rane apc ‘Blan tro cares, age restoring map psoas, and pata een Phare mote mae eases, Water ct ctnartstines? Waters by Erato? Wha ne Danse ssn ect ns wh pares cela Ensen Recason. ow oe ea and fom by a Cnet Ml rie Enatin Ho Wat esc of int ensenton end fans bated on wie ect he HOE poe? ncn = to aco aplcai acta wala ata? ais scant ae arate, ltrs, od Cuosonrtes HE med? ua ‘Syllabi Ines Gas Bes, ten Shs Hn te Sore Poses. HO i ‘res: din ponte, pines to auppet weal, golden mits and mace iors, cad es, HC een standards, Dc Manipulation - Ove, Sap, og Varesl Desin, Uerceram den, tek embaiGOUS, Gusti Dean 24 _ Introduction Orsi: enphies aioe objetve and outcome ale with tnpone diz resent flows Obata: To desen inplamen snd eae effective ae. ~ Outcome east tei of hunén nd com, Inport Dieussions Sint nt te canoes oye sgfant re fe HCL. Das change pr etn md ences of wie the tay of exh snd ay Sa Sctey e cay mioc hanno eth pem meget SRE nr camino dee cule nese aren SOLIDE amar weer my noe het iene esr and eee ee Dostnsas shown ig. 23.1 2 ae usable Human Computer Pua ater an infos, A re Se igo Fig. 244: ilo Bolg ye wth Seep or tte arsine Ser pe vengneranan «ese ton Fy 2 that mull wes Beha eerie the oereptian and sortie of eigig fr the = apts. Atha, bamagENGis rst sent Kamas inbat eat mip minds provides Seats netetegenenis denen ie, ony het we browse heergsneos int en asses nay gestae ‘wropseos and completed dosgn rutres £4. Samet acasinnt arch? srs, arg, sae 2 secon, 2 nes produces varity ef empties pened 132 “eH mete ofr eterogeneous eke roles 8 apt to Zs 20 oF my oe then is ile designs ae genase steer. There wt ein and ‘eth gen prabier statement ely pendent on perpectne ee, x A Be SU} Fy 24.2: Yl Dasigring Sructuterueng Heterepensous nts i a i pi a i is tht net ch a cn pte ish aig nk ind won mtn sew etn a ron i ef oop ned ess sone alan wth ue erin pote. Eg PC! po Fe whe srg thestucun based on castor i a, rte dein, nd unease py casa ne doops of ‘stm Ate ot Hl jem a, Sem Mhtecare ef Hird Gas acannon Ste “Sera frac sn ees vi os Pe ‘est Ron rao, entre re, Feature Mtn, ond ate aca .21.3: Sytem freer or Hand Ges Recon Ste (HGS) 22 _ Interaction Design Basics 7 221 Introduetion ~ ere die a th rain ee ew rd etd ne =e common so atrapeneas md ton techie ls core tpt to ae Coram olen based on can roe ares salon ne MG pate. ~ Peta of ere deen mayb eltn Yo compte prem na yy ter ee este, ~ aie deren ony ensiins nedlna, dagen and mee jens at ‘Commas ~ As oss co mae nd aa of seam na et way eee et gt onetsin core pat = Tek seinen and ng enlabortion is regu fr te cel esos othetgycun. ~ Pe nig star tate dene Sfvareareact sesh on ta ppl nai den ets oy eoth sieges modiby congas paths nent ste element Talal wiejoo te Todos frou SE enn Compr ie SPU) 2s = HOlpyster corists of imeractve design as presented in Fie 2 2.2 - — : icra woe [fa 2 ie [aaa] Ewan Fie, 221 HGS taneon rao Desi 222 Design 5am as, recess he et a ste Cartas nares etme rs crponers of MO apt ong wih sae sere Deon “ings pe rete for bneGiignsrarepine ences input Rn Pent rd "hare been meas “ahiong i come wthin cra ees tae grate y utiles her meyaees. espn ene (is ena wd Wie) Govt el mh eed acre sepa er vs l roesas oF ans Suc, a prepracasng, peeing, and aensrocetng cere, Can ae tse on ae el eerie 3 aig tae et cana mete, _ artim sacs ws pr te equramers Tadeo bench ston oie of sonia ote yn Deston urn Se 55, 223. The Process of Doslgn deen proses okie vara prctses sah Covet Inerrean of rol seamen Ans, Be Og, Presi Otel Desig, mtv Cen ond Sunred Des atest ng 22 ee ow — tienes deus nnn anda, ert _f eee a 9.222: Process of Design 2 Cove nvmetaton cf chlo i the Ast step ef wndarstending the pb cece Base en! yimereet tp raid, 2 mas ap da i oe eran of cal a ROT {Pitre egos ‘hing indicia stout Sdn hing 74 cee sito sahuae arene gla ow se 7A. tn conpies tevin ofc esp in he tomo teed mote A eed deg ons of ara deen stems and nowidgo Sahtian nd hovndp baba uy fh oo) 7 tamed rs and eandrtnn rien yf;= reman conpur neon rrp Fig. 243 Drawing of Rat a terns Desi Interaction Styles: Inneactin cn be seen ab + lg between the eampcte and ewe The choke of teas secontae pound eft onthe nue ofthis leg Thee ate nur fearon ines inde 24 Command Line nterace it of he aay a “was the iotintoeive gs to be cena wed ane rence lew wide al erodes meescf egret introns athe compar diet haat, abbroviions ope Waid emma Frotl aen 2. Need Fo-vemember PM towwrond B seg nin bys snl 32. Venus aed onteserenand, ha eens- em ee arta ponrvaableo te wer ie on ce cg the rouse camer or Sohabee hi See eons se wie they re ee ong othe ue oig onsen ara at cary mere tonunands oni es tt pee i 24. Natural Language 7 tanta rostrata na leur hangin thant pe ‘aig a iil it ei ee eipen kala miceiaireniclmeedneoeore res elena oaela. $0 z-nilkg thal Sade RABE eTASeee! Pl. Se LY hurt wale Berspedng =a nd sdb neds kan Us wan pn SSO oma The user aske ees of quis and led reo helactine ep. 234 Quostion Answer and Query Dialog Ge ngvne wsd ta conn quate reove formalin ty a danse, They wt aud anguag se phrasy, pt fa rue Specie yay, wa ones of the 238 Form. Fills snd Sproadshests Form Mngt re ed iyo ats enry bt cna be hl etn bento. one =< The veoresems wh lay resemrg = paper, wih tt = _Sretinusaresnisiansoraten tam Sire Testesihet maria gota, ~ Bien can cortan 2a oo fara, atonal cane the ales ative 28.5 The WNP Inertace ~ IE stands fr nse, enn ne (oe Hs win kr and owned a ~ Tikit dfs inre eta marty of ra comter tan we oy ‘especialy inna PC and desktop war tion a2, ame eee Windom “Naeos "Yonder uN. nchan Compu Debmynrmoine 2.7 Poin ane Cc iertoce 8st a you yi he TWleace seca ey ee he YM a, rit ‘aston, bt yo nade dee ens 23.8 Threo - dimenonl intortace eer o20 fac tres tee cl nme ay, tt Ve ony nga cours ove eel et ‘enn acing wea ada WM tre one ate. etn 33 spree win an hgh pps aed oat 244 Introduction ‘thin comoier scene teres aes alge abla at ee he manage tec ese deen of srs yrs sw ne 242 Soltware Lie Cyclo ‘on of hel fr sofware denser tht sold be one 2 ese ‘Secpag 9 way snlaro how eles eng eestor hare deeorman Sofware yeh qpetalphasestedepicny 243 =, coe a bate] ig-244: Tm acotiee nthe waa ode ota sofa ele BY. toon Coan nat Seca Hens sna 7 inn ‘past ty AE gan heb emg, canta ie te tn al rete epee vs, roca oan is pro emotion oe tr etn tha fr esha gonw sean pra teeter ep ; ‘he how ny he Merle dese eects ean ures nit be rae the mar dn ‘dead dso omparent eke sytem tat psc ‘evione: ia ee neal syne Ba ~ serge ts onsen one tees oe Bt eres andor, arn sect a son ho pene en in "spac ten ma etme eer ae tersetaentct ote iyntetiotsanes z Aiea hall can the sit oped unr the cag fi? ntl hte as naw ren fe pda demand eal ese artim pacha tr, sly tse or menses expert wi Tears, sce» wi Lia GAN im erie a EFS tie, ous on he al waasauce cusbinytorthe tsk ‘porepnne torrid wer exmebie rer trance ‘apm aber with walt that they rely on measurements fer speci sr atonsin vty ie suas. Interactive Design and Proio typing den co be mode to eae any fe atsumpions tht were rete nthe teste. ins th eee ntarastie dain, = parpotefl den proces whith ies te creueme the see problems oflcompleerequremems specatons ste rcal:id,ertve sens described by he uno protnypes, ae that silte animate ome bat rat al fetes ofthe Interest There are tree ik approach of typing ety Tham ony, Ineremant and eatin ist arcu bens chrom a4 ‘ie pretstne is bait and teed adie depe ne. 242. a — ——Besiginy corporat oe preys [am | oad, aroha} ail Des Facet Fig. 243: 3. Evolutionary et potty fot dseatds nd serves a the rss forthe nt Reston fds showin, fom} Ea ise} - eek ee Fp 242: Tow -sway rooting perarental————— ef prot sbi sparta components neat atime and posted nFg 248Yims coptrineins wre ase Nodes oom camidelngins PP.) 249 Pe deons Teciuner hth 2524 Leamabiliy 40) sot “ acetic ltt eaten a phi ma ee (oe tte ine J ener cae tien hooey See 248 ‘Dosign Raforale | eee = Desig atone theif tt pan why 3 omar ste te wy it eg re wrecunt errata design nits kreterlerbonour dsr, ‘ex rata estasto natn of bethraflecse ans demotion i oc ages te entelte ce == Thao rome to prodace 3 osen sons os todo lbs are fly Supt forthe vert deter the ties ate | Doerr {son aeons ert Sr. vail | Posey 2 | Bt | Support fr te wert anes the ells of po immasie soeratonron she erent, est The ecend whi a wis Knowedge ad pee | Gitsy | rai ena ee —E +4, | Generslzabiny | Surpcrt for the user to exten knowledge of specific | ~ ~The desienrasoncle provies a common mecharm amerg the member ola dan ou 22 | lnteracdon witin and across agpleavans 16 other Eseheepiainpiepuirempetancnniapene ae ones paar [ness maaan armel Papa x sane rarter echoes ———_ seat hay (2) ovary spss ~ Brome fee ma i pa -18_Nolomip np sane _ Htinseapatoam ete Detain psa rca | om : = 251 owem Peis . en): ee Pt avsisencamenni es, Rau ecmeresces bene ‘Desigring for maximum usability ithe goal patra te dn alo ienpesed by the ayster, 4 ~ Sane rte ie: oad er Fiesta tao foes, 2 _79? Pinseo Supp Usa UB fem iw Fe contl forte actin af eee | Toes ar tn lesen wh cn be atid = the en a letesptem wana ee hear ies eer earn na Laetitia s penance ae [> [emormaretcaaiy othe war relics by th fap a nme aier so crc rit SOP 2 3 Rebustness stoma ht era COs Fear ht spon the cel aM “ceanerinent ot se] pee De [eames rae Gbeeaby ay of he wer a esate he eral ac afore f fresuen‘iomts senescent 15) Elo hepone coma ‘a (6) Oeienorree (2) ibeatee tie ar, 254 HCI Patterns tars ae an spree apr nd ug he one of atacg te ese eal scat eqn oss can epi pin nd pin ne bons Tac Si ose war ta crac cin oc efioty [rslaton t "Wises fe fee oc we ca a nee " he dere to whch te tem ees nap al Conanes cele at, 3 Golden Rules and Heuristics 214 Shneldenman's Eight Golden Rules of intorte desian seme maeon sequent, ae erica conn ead :90n Ena eae’ wwe shore rh sabres, spc heres ef meet eteiente acne ii te etna eer san. ese dle vl cure stature Anows wit thy ne cope 3th, eer reveiovansimplehaing oyna eyo aes. som ceaece cone tesice ser em meer 2:2Norman’s Seven Principles fer Transforming Difficult tasks into Sime \sebrthovwlege inte war and nade he Sino eee fa abe rapih ters rtd atc, whe ey ve Dn ied say ey aa We iy stare derbomss tape clans tcerman seeming ers ‘ee nents deren to apie labore eormnsrermamig ier |Apeereon werent snitan 9 acute: olen wr pee on Pa ess \ shaaobers ita eens ey dere Suan eran np ty econ crate tat? iene /1)_Sog srs npr a endothe ion, A) The parte stl onion pete ro dos. ei repeat date (Tne 10 Ter celonelot t : BD The conenp pote onguage mate, i Thee peated 258 esgn ule recent tombe: 1 tigen 2 rine 4 bagnraceins= centri = vapessty = Mev © = mtatoplatin acti” = lowest rege ters “gan toro Bondar z See alan a Tae ene ere ore eer wn nc to i be bude ta id Be —— Pestana (2 unde 9 fe) One (0 untae Tn : ut pine eens sends te rh 2 Fea aC eet Sten teem wee es aay sand Be vars tian panies ure ee To Bers a re SH ay fee, covey, = cd See Standort w (a) hth standard ster (8 oF 60 (a) natn Aeeey 26 _ Direct Manipulatio 284. Ovnrviow ~ ste ea i885 te rice fat nha are was seni ecg, teres se beng tes that hee reduces were going pony a hi comers nomsa. ne 2h wer nar ogee unos om wk ener ee conmend i pomp «combi 9 ge 20 say WDE the Mnory Benda of Be tascam caengs of arate, ‘a tandadsaansie ec, he ely way to ge any Feast on thers Inuraion stone thr you hae tossed oa how toast or 262. Seope a ar auto este 3 Woh vatlaton dua seen or ah a Me undastem malas pestle trove vlna nore xe ern ~_Ppiseameki st oe tonure tne iseraconeetnave own es et monplr ender Wyaeene tna? ‘2.6.3 Applications: ; “eal the abject of imevest, F Incerentl atone eee una neck onal een Bovey also oD ate ore wan ne peas Lr Sptstcareins oft nin 5ht eve ero oper. "haemo rea nc ih mn a7 _ Universal Design 14 itoduetion tev a the pres of eating peduet ote ey con be wd at my sce 172 Universal Design Principles Inthe te 28908 ro Neth Cina at rest in the US ee nls of ura sn Tos le intend ta or aa of nag nd ee egy applstctethe design ofineacie tee | enable se ‘ests peel wh geo shbd 2 ayn use Tees aensfora range of bt and sferee, a These be singer nto "y Feaptle nermaton ec sls poe ei camaro tienen asus ft ef erm eo ) want ear Moimangthsimpseand damage unc rscr nen Behr |) tao pit sys sould be dosed tobe confab owe intact 2 Regurezeand esc frappreneh nau 27.3. Multi-Mode! Interaction Thee Se sist tue ti all tne peeternant, ene for ley of pose fast ieee es cosesety soe thesia one iy means of reenatins,trougy aot at vio ee Seis ahoaniparan hata ee ur uae oar ous Paarog reno ee aan ecg seen spon les es onthe sone thing coer = Tow to, ies angnansmforston fal eich fas 20 the f te spars of min sont - es, me armen, pes antiga eee etn ores Tite nd Sl 2 le a agp 4 hy oie rat a hang fou booed etre ese oe. 21.44 Sound inthe ntertoce ‘etch inte nese = seureozeet = Seem ceiton = Sree sree = timomtd pues ~ Ren-stehani <2 AT RHandngRecogiton : nt rcp sem conse hance wens ose nn a fo soko bet ptm be on of eae EE. Re ie Sener FETT zr 27.33Gesture Recogaltion 3 wating Reopen ee tr curse por man of emmannn among een nd i ne ‘nn m3 xr way af creaneton ders dda el Bs ve talsna rand eraisenig pone nea eam ete Acompte tie (SU) 220 Te esanPrce A SS HE iemmcommurinnrne( Sus 208 mee we ane es 2 en pt een rsa re fos rE of OMT “is apart ee eR so fede TS Cee ce gu nay prcung eared enesach te — erage eos tres Rn na Bayi enggettremad menos nth rove ng meta es red] and Guna ey, lone yr era aera. Sewage eras tad pong ob ncn sepied or geingrepone, meta ‘en Soe” eget sed en exacted. Th ig ose poe ait srr me eg, ich wl Be copard wt ere vaca fg tt seem oe cin teeth fur gE teen cin caren is reser! aren mag er yo SL bet, rein wees ane hnaing Th ape ees genus 8 ssn ogee rat a ages Tag se ans 10 ams eh ASL ln are ; Ahning conte, Stierent ses and stapes of han. Ths yee rscagicn oper ce ey qn stn eres el tie naire 8 5038K Neen aa ‘elec Declgoune wh ¥ cnierimpatie eOTGNET aprox, The Hané Gee cero ye WHS or AL ecg spet nF LT. oe ‘Seat —| oa | eB {asa =) Fig 2720 cyanate ou 244 User Contred Design (UCD) veo an ented oes owe pas oft dese OEE | ge on i rd REE TRA Teo toe (=D ei er org regio ep grace uaa raf ae wscng tecnguapasto cies gh uhc reresibe tee fre, UCD cen that sees emaoy 2 rts fesse leg sey and ag enti thas snes gee anundetandinge set ee, corer, ch ten he UC proach aes pases depicted ia Fl. 273 low 7 oneness ms gio niemneg dade sigan "UE, cess bse RY Poke von Feng, cert of wg BA © ‘he plz as erence wl epee. B. sk Analysis | GOMS mu ‘stra the peso seh wy pepe per tall thst 098 ‘le iter a antenna oo vFueworeanarsme} thas epng ws weld want si ig (0) Satanic —Ser Bec an geSTA erp 9) rane vss clean tool avy ‘eowom sith tk We eed ohn stout cancer, ie atcha, i | spt rosa00 “ister epmncust ws ans 4 Task Decomposition ta aeonpzten as presi in Fig. 2.1 ogee setng cg kt bets heaters re pate a (e=] [Fees se. ie Te 2 Krowiegge based Analysis cick st what wes ned ta ow ate a ef a ans i orien aie ena eat ie ‘ots tog ig “pouting ete tng ee nen congse ten SPU) 228 eosin Fes 283. Entty - Relation based Analysis, eh isan cette apr whare he ema an iii to an te etc ten aan pre (tj Aone Sree gsion pumps sana ty Comets = Soret fematonn tans: 0. segs scr Grape Desion isa eam a sere emf commits mes. DN Mwy eo pote les ties pple spe ws gem aR ples eet pe dar ous ef Cay ements inenete ees ete teat = raid on andet co tg ck a En Hey 370 yc ee une Ae em ering be 520 pet ay ed evga ange of ites trdeng 209 eaten core es appa an mtg = sean ae Inver onsoneturh + Hoe pb egies san nua net (dy mu thy ene renga late font ih me = cbt pen ete esa ‘nsenmeranhy wish catnggat-leking tess tt mete nt dg do ren of are tk S, hen lag pac se oyu sh CpuiMle Oe con chee formate cg eye res tod lewcige gos des is ncn ut ht oe ene we ec, nda vu roeinge arate = Testy ss curing aston ne 282, jInterface (SPPU) 224 The same fo ont can convey very itferent meaning. a a a ee Fig. 29:4 : Graphle Design [= Reviow Questions Explain Interaction Design Basics and Various interaction Stes fr Human ant. 2mputer. Elaborate Software Processes applied in HOI for Construction, Stucturing, end Development of Software in HC ‘Explain HCI Design Principle and Rules in deta. (2) Principes to Support Usability (©). Golden Fue Heuristics (6) Het Patiens (0) Design Ruies (e) HC! Design Standards \Which are the Design Principles use fo support Usabity in HCI? List down golden rues wsed in Heuristics. ‘What ie roo of Software Architecture and Design Palters in designing HCI Patars Explain al the phasos required for Pattem Recogntion (Consider Character Recosr What rte HCI Design Rules and HCI Design Standards ? Consider Emeten Recogion, Explain Hand Gestre Recognition System vsng HCI Patter \Watis use of Universal Design Model isthe development of HI System. “ymatis GOMS model? Expainstepovis ond stagowise ute of GOMS fs HC! Discuss about User-Centered Design by considering real-ime Probloms and S Syllabus Technology and change designing and Designing Help. Prototyping and Ul Sofwere, lemplementation Te devices. Handing fe of human and computational nd iniques in HCl. ementation may change as pert knowledge of progremmer. It provid proach, cal, and technoiog methodological anda) rogrammer for design, development, and implantation of ln this context, we discuss about Real-time Hand Gest? lementation from technical and methodological point of v2 subsequently. stsarees os __ scoters Tratve sot Fond Getue Region stems HES) have acy Seleped fe ae canoe Stern nag Arete Sg lane AS ery ares nse AS) Gere deals he mover te Sy par she enn covsponan ese, ‘ort arse eopiion i an ery lenge aes of sth ie othe ies ‘eres engl an ton a camauteted seep ot ne there ect ts nae ‘eich and eustureaays ray Vnded aa dent aprech, Yn an poet 5 Be mas ana ayo eanstvting Haran Carpe orcs 31 ‘sa ei ony camer) hin set 0 cape he maps rnd tern een ders wth ea eve such at ta oes mate, ey ges clare os ‘Ye it wo eens ef and sts amy i an gsi eam and tees nso eee Ie Rant rena ed ean an sect ofan rrmsire ooo we wih make te tk fee ts eae en mote ‘eign fa tn ane eu pteny re ets reee hemp te utr ate et sppeaons of HGS ath Sey onan ene, Hr ot rca 0 aor et es gma TY ec Hone ps ae pi reting 25 wy wer ors and ea sed kale we rsa tab rote wy of carmen, DSL sot ud ny in seg ame. coisa trata th sol, 28 carsonan, od une (09 sthdlopy See DNC sagestd law it esequn: apes name ag nung, NSE Ee ming pr ean, Fee exon, eRe Mh el Pan ENR pale ele rcaton of 08 sept US. smb sein corper ego ng 8 ranted, ‘ede ry be TB rte sg spying Bs! DD STE eg ‘tem ecg tec hereby impo he eran of NGS. Sri ens ngrve by aphne il aoecchs Sie Ermmcootunmna gery 33 Joctnison = bees ose anh daw By xan sng he bane, teenenecnetins eet eas mie erste ren te sted Outcome ing He rome sett ove OME tb ab eam te Di sot (Wh 6605 spas ne 2008 nent} cal HAgoind wh my Net opus feng ain desi a2 entation Tools, Technology and Change Designing forthe Designing for he Portable Dovces A rac 3.21:1Sereon ockup and Prototyping Teele resect stone orotate estonia 224. = Seated sorrel cusener pees) LSD Lolled tale i 3 Fedeesanes — wed gets Tha ob 9 eax, wegen | «ne Ren pacdoy 3 ‘teleans! 2 ‘em : "FRA: Ss Presnaion me Peteying Tea 324.2 Programming Teolkte ~ erasers no cs vee | ope wen ef aise en cian en |= me yneit, a ae B hele praqruenmer. in at pS 919 babu ore abirast of windoodeg aha 18 tuslkihs Sproles Pageamens uth sdb op ready mada. inrennds ob fe Pree‘option SE run congrats sory 35 sine 1 3.22 Implementation Technology and Change Designing for the Wab He Pretent nd Future Trends ~ ts adi seen arn fOCeHEe OF fteratn moat: bxsNeen Kins comptes, sarin. th mee geeral tm Huan Nahin nares sed ‘arene inant «p> ellie es rT aes eed the sin ane pone neb 2d Seams ied ure sacs san wey reine ‘ener a Hamas mel mode an he way aera, racine robe cere pe B= ms 1 Ue iach une ee Smee ac aslanoed ca sees eee 5 ] a | Bis | oa 5 cio | nett, tL fea ca i = 5324: man Compu nec Gey Designing Goal ede ak Reda bueacuatvut eer wa— pepomomina rt ren Fenenortin coe ining ote we mn eRe rg es or rave ston rosea mes often tag abt _psonbiy pnpetc sn esetleom. Than Fr fees Sepia sn 325, a = AFORE NETO Gey cunrconmen | Hae [S| woe [EE reese ne [Blame a ai ees Fi 325 toplemonston SuPer ‘cect of Wndowing system Tet es ee pale eplons in windowing gotan 85 cevicd in Fi 3.26 fr ‘operate 1 Pcp management fhe ui paces win hf De ‘rr lation a be atic plein rene oss om xh ‘ces tar ei probs frees van ni wth be ethene, 1 Sed oe ene the mage win te Kee fhe sere _ier ama ranger eg fom are on 1 popes the mast pb, te manent Ki wn 3 4 sacs peta sce wiesmnt] [Wao Neeort Fi 3.2 alo Wong Sao lant aarvor architecture = Cheese ace represented nF 327 ate upper ens ~ Season tutor anions gat when matory bad on the cetaene nd ewok = Theta! uedoweg pam iedenthe ertaeneaiece ~ lesen arte ses pre weet sg ete mute ~ Segemnoicenaysioeazsnere wes in we RV RRRECET Morven an ee may be rest en ret mts wih ey eed ~ tant sere tect tho ed a etd const rey sd ene dod cet os fing een en nad rt 4 Renee Med Imecaton A CHEK,ech \ ee eee rt idee a) vee wy tensed (uj owrestomamteted shea te yeor 00, mbar hs deveaped epee nthe tcinogles nt pose tlle sin an andl asain Ths cae: (i ey sttey embed processes “peso tear reel row poner anda ices enn dees dn snd handel deve dese espera sisted eco es a pg pede or hae deve ust be Intel doen ater ‘et hy hl ob set wad pal ase ws ng eRoomi cd 4 sig cgi x hued de ta ‘ie cota hese ests mash hope Te mene secs wth eal et sn soles se ow A 8 em ening roahes anaes ne ea pti seein wna woven Et Poe a Teck Experi > tongs Saltese sen > ina deras 7 Nose __ > fanwie dace managment = popeaon fuse > ey en snes Tes. and meron seave Teameoene 3:3._Handiing Errors end Designing Help ‘who 2 te war mere te peer theeeentor fom mak mike nd mis a ad on esr aces Sper ORS lng Hse eer awa ret gti stowntie22 33: Emortnang wag Hel Objective sferom 1 letetenen ay terse mahe an er oes rae (Ye ya tort ero nanny dagp, roe ae nore = ‘Wien eo on ie petal ame ntl ear Hew res cn ste anes waman compu incr SPP 312 2 =) Peeples toma partly nds ey a, erento tetera : (2) Copter ecu ue comple decion posts nigh adc memory. © 1) atmeswe noha wht ost teat oath, He paes en = nhemesemi ee (a) Mutter happen wen we db the wrong tng fr he ond pag rl 9 wer stun, mae bd eon, 16) Sipser Sie far of xaovon Lapses ate tor ‘typeseterert (i capers (0) depron eon (o9 bea Demme (0 assdice statin (6 taotectaten (Mage errs 1 Preetngerct anid Becases sucha, Pecan iene es (i) cogtepld memory lad {Metroid umtra aor ovee (@ trormeney = |= Prod unto = rode ane <-Fartrmiput evra belp uses ioscan be ae = rove canna sent P = Girth we. Fh ie Si rtying an Soe — 244 Prototyping “a ~ in we a ae al etl toupee ig hee sien of imgian ard hough poets of ues spur ater ss th seq! past sane wh np rd CUD Pee Spay chico er var ope Recpnon Stem (NOR) Tea dapltad 2425 ons FE eames : fia [ acca | —) cs | ee Ee ‘Fu 344 Pros of HORS nag HCL 342 ulSofware arnt (Ue te None pcton et eh sar ina orto etre. ere splat note sere an aay ment o> Teun ot ees ey ewer i tog 2 ht em cxpaay atb = Uenpatt scores i dese tche oy ats etd poe” tsar. poise eet lo or Cla stownin fig 342. soos [Tes |e aL Pemin Fe, 3.42; Compute Vos fr Haman orton | apisacartsnnarocnts dead cheap mats ntstnsspranidoser HE “hear, roves nretl fem ae aes F342.Hanan Comput 25 ‘sere Onn Aes The poses of CU deg end pletion 5 Uke SOLE. Any mes an Be wd fer Inglementen sang waiter spl mod asshown in FB = Andel or Ui en and dvlepnen soul he lloning GU spect san, se Fest aa|_| f i sy Faas amen nanbepuphsl tx bse, soto bed, peta toon he undeshng ae nt tne crbinon Soften becomes are ponte Inte Dal con 2 Sree 2 faamieinstot time 1 Gmrmandomané cases onsiering ees lst ates inc caters 6 enamine arguments (rp eric (600 1 eben 2 compo 8 cove 4 ete a < e fi Se ua itt ng Reta tormatng Spanning Sainn Paper ed from er ince user ds to his ple page hods and OMS the at should t perfor is still a n be split HOD and we ihis as } Toolkit, vaclasses, them, that interaction, ns, jour when t based on ooo Evaluation and User Support Evaluation of User Interfaces: Web Browsers - Fonts, Color Palete, Layout, Size, Orientation, Mobile devices issues ~ Design, Limitations, Wt Color Depth, Resolution, that next. User Support, 44 Introduction Objective :To design, implement, and evaluate effective and usable Human Computer Interfaces. earn a variety of methods for evaluating the quality ofa user interface, ‘Outcome : To evaluate the basic of human: and: ‘computational “abilities and limitations and To incutcate basic theory, tools and ‘techniques in HCI. Apply the fundamental aspects of designing and evaluating interfaces, Important Discussions [Link] plays important role in HCl processes and HCl systems and it of implementation. HCl system generates User interfaces (Ul) as an outc Interaction with user effectively. Various enhanced technologies and te: Gevelop User interfaces such as OpénCV, Java Android, and MATLAB etc. Moreover, verified Hel methodologies are useful such as Pattem recognition, classitication, clustering, ete. In this context, appropriate use of operating systems, programming languages, designing techniques, web browsers are required to evaluate the applications. acts as verification phase ome as well as to provide chniques are applicable to The HCl apps developed using web browsers and mobile devices comprise specific characteristics ; based on technical and user support. HCI deals with Fonts, Color Palette, Layout; size, Orientation etc. On the other hand, mobile devices deal with i limitations, user support ete. User support is required during whole Hcl Design thinking and problem solving ability. ~ _ Execution and evaluation models suggested by Norphans model plays Important role in HCl system ‘to develop diversified HC! patterns. Evaluation is applicable to test the lesenabiltyr j, Wareetiomality, ~~~ usability, and accessibility of HCI ystems, Evaluation, maybe conducted ontine or offing, in the (ab or in the fisld alongwith HCl processes. lor depth, Resolution, issues such as Design, its rocess in the form of4.2 ion and User Support ‘The approaches used to Gevelop expert evaluation model are review based, analytical based, and Model based approach. Some of the approaches includes users along with their findings, + experimentation, observations, and query method. The importance of evaluation method is enhanced using careful selection of HCI processes, HCI techniques, and interpretation of be-t suitable outcome. 142 Evaluation of User Interface 342.1 What is Evaluation 7 Evaluation deals with the correct selection of input, techniques, methodologies based on ._ Outcome. Evaluation compri2s 3 goals namely; Accessibilty, Functionality, Interaction related to spedific problem of HCI system, Evaluation is divided in multiple phases of designing of HCI systems. Design lifecycle along with evaluation lifecycle performs extensive testing of HCI experimentelly. Evaluation uses design principles and prototyping techniques ensure about correctness of design phase. Expert opinion of evaluation is received by the diract Involvement of users and continuous Studs. Evaluation techniques are divided broadly in 2 parts : 1. Emert analysis 2. User participation. fA22 Goals of Evaluation Ba 3 TES. vation has threo main goals, to assess the extent and accessibility of the system’s functionality to assess users experience of the interaction, and to identity any specific problems with eo The system's functionality is important in that it must accord with the user’s requirements, in ‘other words, the design of the system should enable users to perform thelr intended tasks more easily. This includes not only making the appropriate functionality available within the system, but making it clearly reachable by the user in terms of the actions that the user needs to take to perform the task. The evaluating system design in terms of its functionality capabilities, itis important to assess the User's experience of the interaction and its impact upon him. This includes considering aspects suchas how easy the system is to learn it's usability and the user's satisfaction with it. The final goal af evaluation isto identify specific problems with the design. These may be aspects of the design which, when used in their intended context, cause unexpected results, or confusion ‘ammorgst users. This is, of course, related to both the functionality and usability of the design. & ¥Intertace (SPO a elation ae tun 4.2.3 Evaluation through Expert Analysis Evaluation based on expert analysis directly deals with system eretechire Phases decane and every phase of system architecture is evaluated by the experts: If the design has errors ang i that are cured using user testing phase wise and module wise. It . really aficalt ba receive accu, evaluation of HCI from incomplete designing and prototyping. In this context, diversified methods, been used to evaluate HCI systems via expert analysis. Expert analysis deals with 4 approaches name, Cognitive walkthrough, heuristic [Link], the use of models, and use of previous Wor (Historical data). [Link] Cognitive Walkthrough : Cognitive walkthrough has been proposed and then revised by Paulson for introduction ; ¢ Psychological theory into subjective and nontechnical walkthrough techniques. Cognitive Walkthrow approach is used inline with software engineering and software architecture. Also, it requires detait y Pipeline operations used in HCI systems. in code. walkthrough. algorithmic-approach provid le Sequential journey of program code. In the cognitive walkthrough, system architecture provié : sequence of phases to provide solution of problems using task analysis. n Moreover, step throur P approach provides ‘checking and evaluation of problems step wise.. More specifically reseat experience, evaluation, execution, and functionality along with documentation are the results: 0 Cognitive walkthrough. its related to 4 things as follows: 3 i.” Asspecification or prototype of the system. 2 ji, A description Of the task the user is to perform on the system, ; iii, A complete, written list of the: ‘actions needed to complete the task, \ An indication of who the users are and what kind of experience and knowledge t', evaluation/evaluators can assume about them. i 4 \ t 4.23.2 Heuristic Evaluation However, heuristic evaluation maybe applied o n protatype, functional HCI patterns. ~ oo Te HCI systems, and compl i 1Evaluation and or advantages are flexibility, low cost approach, use of enriched usability character Fre maj «se main ebjective ofthis evaluation is to provide potential towards solving usability problems t a guide line oF general principle or rule of thumb that can guide a design decision or be used to que. deesion that has already been made, | cg method of structuring the critique of « system using a set of relatively simple and general sists. + can be performed on a design specification so itis useful for evaluating early design. But it can ‘gko be used on prototypes, storyboards, and fully functioning systems. ‘he gener’ idea behind heuristic evaluation is that several evaluators independently critique @ stem to come up with potential uscbilty problems. it is Important that there are several of these evaluators and thattthe evaluations be done independently. Nielsen's experience indicates that between three and five evaluators is sufficient, with five usually resulting in about 75% of the ‘overall usability problems being discovered. Each evaluator assesses the system and notes violations of any of these heuristics that would indicate potential usability problem. The evaluator also assesses the severity of each usability 1"), these can be combined into an. overall severity rating on a problem, based on four factor (“0— scale of 0-4: | don’t agree that is 3 usability problem at all + Cosmetic problem only. + Minor usability problem. ifajor usability problem. 4+ Usability catastrophe, Nielsen's Ten heuristics are Visibility of system status Match between system and the real world ». User control and freedom Consistency and standards Error Prevention Recognition rather than recall Sexibilty and efficiency of use esthetic and minimalist design ousers recognise, dagnose and recover romerron, and Cocumentation._3E_tuman Computer interface (SPPU) 45 3 Model Based Evaluation Evalvat \d User Support ‘Model based evaluation deals with expert based appraach. It uses collaboration of designing and ‘cognition models and offers combined design specification along with evaluation. This approach of evaluation deals with cognitive and design models to provide a means of combining design specification and evaluation Into the same framework. ~ Example: GOMS (Goals, Onerators, Methods and Selection) model predicts user performance with @ particular interface and can be used to filter particular design options. Design methodologies, such as design rationale, also have a role to play in evaluation at the design stage. Design rationale provides a framework in which design options can be evaluated. — Dialog models can also be used to evaluate dialog sequences for problems, such as unreachable states, circular dialogs and complexity. Models such as state transition networks are useful for evaluating dialog design Prior to implementation. 4.2.4 Evaluation through User Participation User participation in evahiation trends to occur in the later stages of development when there is. at least a working prototype of the system in place. This may range from a simulation of the system's interactive capabilities, without It's underlying functionality. 4.2.41 — Styles of Evaluation a, Laboratory Studies Users are taken out of their normal work environment to take part in controlled tests, often in a Specialist usability laboratory, b. Field Studies ‘The second type of evaluation, takes the designer or evaluator out into the user’s work environment in order to observe the system in action. 4.24.2 Empirical Methods: Experimental Evaluation — One of the most powerful methods of evaluating a design or an aspect of a design is to use a controlled experiment, This provides empirical evidence to support a particular claim- or bhypothesis. tt can be used to study wide range of different issues at different levels of details, — Any experiment has the same basic form. The evaluator chooses a hypothesis to test, which can ~ be determined by measuring some attribute of partiinant-behaviour. A number of experimental conditions are considered which differ ‘only in the values of certain controlled variables. Se TebtonalageComputer. interface (SPPU} Evaluation and User Si Empirical methods are : © (2) Participams (2). Variables = (3). Hypotheses (4) Experimental design (5) Statistical measures (6) Studies of groups of users + Observational Techniques | A popular way to gather in Yormation about actual use of a system is to observe users interacting ‘with it. Usually they are esked to complete a set of predetermined tasks, although, if observation ts being carried out in their place of work, they may be observed ‘going about their normal duties. Simple observation is seldom sufficient to determine how Well the system meets the user is ‘eatuirements since it does nat always give insight into their decision Processes or attitude. echniques Thinkaloud and cooperative evaluation — The process is tess constrained. ~The user is encouraged to criticize the system, ~The evaluatcr can cizrify points of contusion. Protocol Analysis Paper and penci} — Audio and video recording — Computer logging — User notebooks: 3. Automatic protocol analysis tools ~ Analyzing protocol, whether video, audio or system logs, is time hand. Consuming and tedious by ~ Brample : EVAC ; Experimental Video Annotator 204. Pasttask walkthrough, 4244 Query Techniques ~ canbe usefulin eliciting detail of the users view of a system, — There are two main types of query techniques :1, Interviews Interviewing Users structured way of 8 about their experience with an interactive system provides . athering information. i i Questionnaires sive method of querying the user fs to administer a questionnaire \ mative — analter — ftincludes {a} General | (b) Open ended (e) Seater 42.5 Choosing an Evaluation Method i ! We tiave seen, the range of techniques Is available for evaluating an interactive yay stages in the design process. 42.5.4 Factors Distinguishing Evaluation Techniques We can identify at least eight factors that distinguish different evaluation ‘techniques therefore help us to make an appropriate choice. These are : 41, The stage in the cycle at which the evaluation is carried out, 2. The style or evaluation, 3, The level of subjectivity or objectivity of the technique. 4, The type of measures provided 5. The information provided 6. Theimmediacy of the response. 7. The level of interface / interference implied. 8, The resources required. Choosing evaluation method also depends on : ~ Design vs, implementation, ~ Laboratory vs. field studies, _ =. [Link]. ~ Qualitative vs. quantitative measures,w— Computer Interface (SPPU) 48 Evaluation and User Support , Web Browsers ss commonty referred as browser. It is a software application for accessing information on the dwide web. Each individual web page, image and video is identifiec by a distinct uniform resource or (URL, enabling browsers to retrieve these resources from a web server and display them on user's device. 4 Fonts Font properties define the font tamuy, boldness, size and the style of a text. re are two types of font families: Generic family :A group of font families with a similar look. Eample : serif Font family: A specific font family. Example : [Link] New Roman 3.2 Golor Palette Palette can refer toa range of colors. A Platform used for moving things is a pallet, and your preference of flavours in food is your palate. ‘The meaning of word palette has extended beyond actual color to include figurative colors. 3.3 Color Depth itis also known as a bit dept is either the number of bits used to indicate the color of a single pixel, in a bit mapped Image or video frame buffer, or the number of bits used for each color component of a single pixel, 3.4 Resolution Screens are made up of thousands of tiny dats all bunched together called pixels, each one has the ability to change color and when you zoom out all the dots joined together make up an Image. Screen resolution is measure of the number of pixel a screen can display. This would be measured vwidth x height vample : 1024 x 768 Las ee 35 Layout - Ly ‘8 Layout ~hweb, red layouts are those that 1se a specific unit of measurement to define web page. aHuman Com; Interface (SPPU) 2. Relative Layout Evaluation and User Sui; If refers to a layout that defines ‘webpage width using some relative unit of measurement. In this ‘ase the content in the page wil resize according to the size of browser window. 43.6 Size For input element the size attribute specifies the visible width, in characters of an element, Example: Email 4.3.7 Orientation ~ Adjusting layout based on orientation. ~ Screen orientation is handled by CSS and java script. 4.4 Mobile Device Issues Mobile devices can be defined in different ways when they-are looked at from different perspective, ~ They can be defined in terms of the services they offer or based on the level or functionality : connected with the devices, Challenge: in HCI design for mobile devices (A) Hardware Challenges 1. Limited input facility (i) Keyboard ~ Space fot key installation, Small keyboard increase error rate elfort to learn new typing method. i (ti) The style and touch screen Screen size is small. (til) The seroll wheel Navigate mobile device is one direction. Use as push button to do specific function,: ‘Evaluation ane Hunan GomputerInierface (SPU) su —— 2. Limited output facility (i) Screen _Srreensctsas interface between user and computer. ' —ereen’s the vazation and the presentation par of HCL System™ F ( audio = Audioprocess — Ris hlpfuin providing texto speech as eastest way for unde! ng deals with speech processing of outcome of HCI system standing — Good eutput facity for feedback message for user. = Can beused in conjunction with graphic and text message. 3. Design for mobility 55 (Power factty for mobile device > = Dispiay, RF nit, keyboard, memory. — power management unit which collects information in hardware so that the 8 performance of the system to not degraded. @) ‘Software Challenges 4). 1. Hierarchical Menus Fe 2 naweate ane Browsing f° 3. imageand eon 7" as User Support i #4351 Introduction £ “There is often an implicit assumption that it an interactive system is properly designed it will be completely intuitive to use and the user wil require litle or na help or training. ‘A more helpful approach is to assume that the user will require assistance at various times and sign this help ito the system. ‘The type of assistance uses requir varies and is dependent on many factors. There are four matin EL_typesof assistance that users require ee 3, Full-ext 4, Tutorial 4.5.2 Require iF we were to answer, but we cat system will have all we design. Requirements of u Availability 1 2. Accuracy and ¢ 3. Consistency 4, Robustness 5. Flexibility 6 Unobtrusivene 4.5.3 Approac ‘There are a nu need. These vary fr Approaches are 1, Command assi Im command i usually in the: 3. Content ~sen ~ Some he of the p: ~ Beampl Online Tuto) Ut allows the can progres3. Full-explanation 4, Tutorial 4.5.2 Requirements of User Support If we were to design the ideal help system, what would it look like ? This is a difficult questign , answer, but we can point to some features that we might like our help system to have. Not every he system will have all of these features, sometimes for marks against which we can test the suport toy) we design. Requirements of user supports : Availability Accuracy and completeness Consistency Robustness Flexibility Unobtrusiveness i 4.5.3 Approaches to User Support ‘ ‘There are a number of different approaches to providing heip, each of which meets a particu need. These vary from simple captions to full adaptive help and tutoring systems. OM PrP wn we Approaches are 1. Command assistance ‘The user requests help on a particular command and is presented with a help screen manual page describing it. — Example : In UNIX “man, in DOS “help” 2 Command prompts In command line interfaces, command prompts provide help when the user encounters an erro! usually in the form of correct usage prompts. 3. Content —sensitive help ‘some help systems are context sensitive. This range from those that have specific knowledé! of the particular user. ~ Example : Menu based system to provide help on menu options. Online Tutorials pl It allows the user to work through the basics of an application within a test environment. The | can progress at his own speed and can repeat parts of the tutorial if needed. $$$ eterjynan Computer Interface (SPPU) 12 Evaluation and User Support. Gone documentation vhs effectively makes the existing paper documentation avallable on computer. This makes the ‘nattial available continually in the same medium as the user’s work and potentially to a large number of users concurrency. wirards and Assistants Wizards is task — specific tool that leads the user through the task, step by step, using information supplied by the user in response to questions along the way. suggestions or hints when Assistant are software toals that monitor user behaviour and offer: ‘they recognize familiar sequences. 5.4 Adaptive Help System’ any large oF complex computer system, users will be familiar with a subset of the .s and having no experience with others, in available functionality, demonstrating expertise in some application: even to the point of being unaware of their existence. In addition, diferent user will have different needs and levels of understanding. Adaptive help ystems attempt to address thiese problems by adapting the help that they provide to the individual user who is making the request and by actively suggesting altemative courses of action of which the user may not be aware. ‘This is special case of @ general class of interactive system, known as intligent system. These include domain specific expert system intelligent tutoring systems and general adaptive interfaces. Adaptive help systams operate by monitoring the activity ofthe user and constructing a model of him. This may include 2 model of his experience, preferences, mistakes or a combination of some or all of these. Adaptive help system includes : 1. Knowledge representation : User modeling — Quantification — Stereotypes ~ Overlay models 2. Knowledge representation : Domain and task modeling 3. Knowledge representation : Modeling advisory strategy. 4. Techniques for knowledge representation - pule-baed > Frame-based __~ Network-based _ Se Teast yen 45.5 {A) Pr —muman Lomputer interrace (SPPU) 443 EA LUAN Lomp Evalvation and User Suppor. 4.5.5 Designing User Support Systems (A) Presentation Issues ~ Hows help requested ? ~ Hows help displayed 2 — _ Effective presentation of help. (8) Implementation Issues Implementation is the important phase In software engineering processes and software architecture phases, * Successful: Implementation is totally dependent on analysis, design, and detailed design Phase. ~ Once the system architecture and workflow of HCI svstem Is correctly received from design phase, implementation pivase work in started in pipeline. ‘Algorithmic approach gives guidelines to implementation phase. Designing of HCl system using various components is shown in Fig, 4.5.1. es ‘Device 2.1 Discuss about evaluation of user interfaces such as (@) Human and Computer (®) Human and Mobile 2.2 Esplain web browsers by considering follawing terme: ~—(0)-Fonts — — (©) Color Patietbt £ + and User Suppor, t | BeHuman Computer interface (SPPU 444 Evaluation (©) Color Depth (@). Resolution (8). Layout, O Sue (9) Otientaton , ion of mobile devices. Wiite dovm various issues arses‘in design, evaluation, and implementation ‘Why Java is used with Android Studio. Explain working of Human Robot interfeoe. ‘Whatis role of 11Clin Brain Computer Interaction (BC!). iti nition, and Which are nevessery phases applied in hand gesture reengnition, character re00! mation recognition. ‘Whats impact of design process on implementation process of HCl. Explain mobile App tsing Gesture Control 2.10 Whicivare tre nibile device issues arrived while dasigning HCl eppications. att ‘What are the differences between software engineering and software architecture. Q. 12 List down all the design pattems used in HCI. goo“ae ; | w Predictive Models, Cognitive Models, inieraction with Natural Languages, Next. Gene, Interface, Socio-organizational Issues and Stakeholder Requirements, Heuristic Eval, Evaluation with Cognitive Models, Evaluation with Users. Tyr Matis 5.1 Introduction Objective: To design, implement and evaluate effective and usable Human Computer Interfaces, Learn a variety of methods for evaluating the quality of a user interface. Outcome : To inculcate basic theary, tools and techniques in HCI. Apply the fundamental aspects of designing and evaluating interfaces. Apply appropriate HCI techniques to design systems that are usable by people Important Discussions : ~ _ User models are crucial parts of HCI processes for the development of various HCI systems suchs listed as follows: © Hand Gesture Recognition System (HGRS), © Character Recognition System (CRS), © Emotion Recognition System (ERS), © Face Recognition System © Fingerprint Recognition System © Handwriting Recognition Systematic. ~ Moreover, diversified HCl methodologies are useful such as pattern recognition, classificatic’ clustering, etc. to develop user models based on aforesaid HCI systems. in this conte appropriate use of user model along with designing techniques, and | design thinking are Fequired:or Intertace 2 ‘yers Mone = wo user models namely; 1. Predictive Model 2. Cognitive Model. nee ist ayo Hur Computer Interaction with Natural Language, Next Generation Interface using mobile ‘ices, Soco-onganicational Issues and Stakeholder Requirements using Software Architecture, ruts Evaluation long with evaluation are necessary in aforesaid HCI Systems. » Pyedictive Models ‘his ie used to incorporate ways to help incorporate improved means of having good interaction witty HEIs predictive Models indudes : 4) Keystroke Level Model >) ThroughPut (TP) «) Fitts law. Keystroke Level Model ‘This is used to predict how long it takes to execute a specific task and this is broken down into ‘three areas ; 1) The camying out of the operation such as pressing key buttons, using your mouse to point in an area or drawing something. 2) Thinking about doing something, so before you actually get it done you need to think ‘about it and the less time you need to think about something then the quicken you can actually carry out the action. 2) The final area is how long it takes the actual system to do what you ‘rave asked it to do 1). ch will happen after the last two steps. Following points shows this is exactly what a keystroke model is used to check for and to measure : 1) How long it takes for a key to be pressed and for how long It will take a user to release the key, therefore showing how quick a typist the user is. 2) The time taken to mave your mouse to a specified area on the screen. 3) Just like the key press, it also is used'to see how long it takes for you to carry out and release’a mouse click. 4) How long you need to change Hardware devices such as keyboards on to install a portable hard drive. 5) As destribed in thie second area it is used torsee haw'long it willtake-a: human-brain-will— take to think about performing the actual action. 6) How long it takes to type a string of characters, this will be used alongside key presses toeM Human ter Interface (SPPU} 5-3 Users models get an accurate measurement for how quick you can actually type. 7) Finally it will also measure how long it takes your system to recognize what you are doing and to actually carry out what you have requested. b) ThroughPut (TP) , i — This is used to show the overall productivity of the computer/how well a computer perfc “ms. ~ Its used to show how quick a computer responds to a command, therefore shcwing you the Computers processing speed ard allowing you to yourself determine if it needs to be upgraded or not. This is therefore known as the respanse time, and as @ computer gets older its response time will gradually get higher. For example when you add more things/material {sot) onto your hard drive and install more things. Software's than if you are trying to search for specific documents then it could take a bit longer to carry out the action. This is same as when you are trying to ‘start your computer up, overtime it will take longer to actually turn on and therefore it will decrease your personal productivity. c) Fitt's Law sree ween ~ This is used to predict how quick a user will be able to move to a specific area based on how ‘far away it is and how large the object you are trying to reach is, — This creates a direct correlation between time and size as well as time and distance as the further away you get from an object, the longer it will take to get to the object and the smaller an object it is, the longer that will also take a user to reach the object. This can be shown in a few different way; you can do this by pressing a screen using a touch screen option or by using a painting device such as a mouse. By sticking to Fitt’s Law you will need to choose buttons carefully as they will need to be sized properly and likewise Positioned properly as well, 5.3 Cognitive Models _ 5.3.1. Introduction ~ . Cognitive models have a rather computational flavr, this reflects the way that computational 4 Analogies are aften used in cognitive psychology. ~ _ The presentation of cognitive models is dided into following categories 1) Hierarchical representation of the user's task and foal structure. ——.-_2)__Linguistic and grammatical models 3) Physical and device level models. 3: ¥ Hunan Gomputer interface (SPPU) Users Models »6.3.2 Goals and Task Hierarchies © Many models make use of model of mental processing in which the user achieves goals by solving subgoals in a divide and conquer fashion, Imagine we want to produce a report on sa'es of introductory HCI textoooks. To achieve this goal © we-divide it into several subgoals, say gathering the data together, producing the table and histograms and writing the descriptive material. Concentrating on the data gathering, we decide to splitthis into further subgoals ie, find data names of all introductory HCI textbooks and then search the book sales database, ‘The examples can be laid out to expose this structure : Prodiice report Gather data Find book name = Dokey words search of names database << Further subgoals >> Shift through name and abstracts by hand << Further subgoals >>—————————SSoS—\vonOna eS li) Operators These are the lowest level of analysis. They are the basic actions that the user mu, in order to use the system. They may affect the system (e.g. press tie ‘ key) o, user's mental state (e.g. read the dialog box). ~ These is still a cegree of flexibility about the granularity of operators, we may. command level issue the SELECT command on be more primitive: : * 1} Move mouse to menu bar. Ee ii) Press center mouse button. li) Methods — Aswe already noted, there are typically several ways in which a goal can be split into Suge For instance in a certain window manager a currently selected window can be close¢ icon either by selecting the ‘CLOSE’ option from a pop-up menu, or by hitting the ‘un. 9 « key (17). cc — _INGOMS these two goals decompositions are referred to as methods, so we have: a i) CLOSE-METHOD fa ii) L7-MeTHOD t GOAL : ICONIZE—WINDOW a ~ [SeléctGOAL: USE -CLOSE-METHOD MOVE-MOUSE-TO-WiNDOW HEADER — POP-UP-MENU CLICK ~OVER—CLOSE- OPTION GOAL: USE -L7~METHOD , PRESS —L7-KEY] “ok — The (dot) used to indicate the hierarchical level of goals. iv) Selection — From the above snippet we see the use of the word ‘select’ where the choice of me arises..GOMS does not leave this as a random choice, but attempts to predict which met will be used. — Thisis typically depends both ‘onthe particular user andor thestate of the system and about the goals,