Basic Operations in Python: Lists, Tuples, and Sets (With Examples)
1. List Operations:
- Concatenation: Combine two lists using '+' operator.
Example:
list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = [4, 5, 6]
result = list1 + list2
print(result) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
- Repetition: Repeat elements of a list using '*' operator.
Example:
my_list = [1, 2, 3]
result = my_list * 3
print(result) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
- Accessing Elements: Use indexing (e.g., list[0], list[-1]) to access list items.
Example:
my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40]
print(my_list[0]) # Output: 10
print(my_list[-1]) # Output: 40
- Slicing: Extract a sublist using list[start:end].
Example:
my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
result = my_list[1:4]
print(result) # Output: [20, 30, 40]
- Membership: Check if an item exists using 'in' operator (e.g., 20 in list).
Example:
my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40]
print(20 in my_list) # Output: True
print(50 in my_list) # Output: False
- Appending: Add an element to the end of the list using append().
Example:
my_list = [10, 20, 30]
my_list.append(40)
print(my_list) # Output: [10, 20, 30, 40]
- Inserting: Insert an element at a specific position using insert().
Example:
my_list = [10, 20, 30]
my_list.insert(1, 15)
print(my_list) # Output: [10, 15, 20, 30]
- Removing Elements: Remove items using remove() or pop() method.
Example:
my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40]
my_list.remove(20)
print(my_list) # Output: [10, 30, 40]
removed_item = my_list.pop(1)
print(removed_item) # Output: 30
print(my_list) # Output: [10, 40]
- Sorting: Sort a list in ascending/descending order using sort() or sorted().
Example:
my_list = [40, 10, 30, 20]
my_list.sort()
print(my_list) # Output: [10, 20, 30, 40]
sorted_list = sorted(my_list, reverse=True)
print(sorted_list) # Output: [40, 30, 20, 10]
- Reversing: Reverse the list using reverse() or slicing [::-1].
Example:
my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40]
my_list.reverse()
print(my_list) # Output: [40, 30, 20, 10]
reversed_list = my_list[::-1]
print(reversed_list) # Output: [10, 20, 30, 40]
- Clearing: Remove all elements from a list using clear().
Example:
my_list = [10, 20, 30, 40]
my_list.clear()
print(my_list) # Output: []
2. Tuple Operations:
- Concatenation: Combine two tuples using '+' operator.
Example:
tuple1 = (1, 2, 3)
tuple2 = (4, 5, 6)
result = tuple1 + tuple2
print(result) # Output: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
- Repetition: Repeat elements of a tuple using '*' operator.
Example:
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)
result = my_tuple * 3
print(result) # Output: (1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)
- Membership: Check if an item exists in the tuple using 'in' operator.
Example:
my_tuple = (10, 20, 30, 40)
print(20 in my_tuple) # Output: True
print(50 in my_tuple) # Output: False
- Counting Occurrences: Use count() method to count an item in a tuple.
Example:
my_tuple = (10, 20, 20, 30)
count = my_tuple.count(20)
print(count) # Output: 2
- Finding Index: Use index() method to find the first occurrence of an item.
Example:
my_tuple = (10, 20, 30, 40)
index = my_tuple.index(30)
print(index) # Output: 2
3. Set Operations:
- Adding Elements: Add elements to a set using add().
Example:
my_set = {10, 20, 30}
my_set.add(40)
print(my_set) # Output: {10, 20, 30, 40}
- Removing Elements: Remove elements using remove() or discard() method.
Example:
my_set = {10, 20, 30, 40}
my_set.remove(20)
print(my_set) # Output: {10, 30, 40}
my_set.discard(50) # Does not raise error even if 50 is not found
print(my_set) # Output: {10, 30, 40}
- Membership: Check if an item exists using 'in' operator.
Example:
my_set = {10, 20, 30, 40}
print(20 in my_set) # Output: True
print(50 in my_set) # Output: False
- Union: Combine two sets using union() or | operator.
Example:
set1 = {10, 20, 30}
set2 = {30, 40, 50}
result = [Link](set2)
print(result) # Output: {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}
result = set1 | set2
print(result) # Output: {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}
- Intersection: Find common elements using intersection() or & operator.
Example:
set1 = {10, 20, 30}
set2 = {30, 40, 50}
result = [Link](set2)
print(result) # Output: {30}
result = set1 & set2
print(result) # Output: {30}
- Difference: Find elements in one set but not another using difference() or - operator.
Example:
set1 = {10, 20, 30}
set2 = {30, 40, 50}
result = [Link](set2)
print(result) # Output: {10, 20}
result = set1 - set2
print(result) # Output: {10, 20}
4. Dictionary Operations:
- Creating a Dictionary:
Example:
my_dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25, "city": "Pune"}
print(my_dict)
# Output: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Pune'}
- Accessing Values:
Example:
print(my_dict["name"]) # Output: Alice
print(my_dict.get("age")) # Output: 25
- Adding or Updating Items:
Example:
my_dict["age"] = 26
my_dict["country"] = "India"
print(my_dict)
# Output: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 26, 'city': 'Pune', 'country': 'India'}
- Removing Items:
Example:
my_dict.pop("city")
print(my_dict)
# Output: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 26, 'country': 'India'}
del my_dict["age"]
print(my_dict)
# Output: {'name': 'Alice', 'country': 'India'}
- Checking Membership:
Example:
print("name" in my_dict) # Output: True
print("city" in my_dict) # Output: False
- Looping Through Dictionary:
Example:
for key, value in my_dict.items():
print(key, ":", value)
# Output:
# name : Alice
# country : India
- Getting Keys, Values, and Items:
Example:
print(my_dict.keys()) # Output: dict_keys(['name', 'country'])
print(my_dict.values()) # Output: dict_values(['Alice', 'India'])
print(my_dict.items()) # Output: dict_items([('name', 'Alice'), ('country', 'India')])
