Design

Actions
for
Shifting
Conditions

Fabrizia Berlingieri
Roberto Cavallo
Emilia Corradi
Hans de Boer
Editors
Design
Actions
for
Shifting
Conditions
Fabrizia Berlingieri
Roberto Cavallo
Emilia Corradi
Hans de Boer
Editors
DESIGN ACTIONS FOR SHIFTING CONDITIONS

Editors
Fabrizia Berlingieri, Politecnico di Milano
Roberto Cavallo, TU Delft
Emilia Corradi, Politecnico di Milano
Hans de Boer, TU Delft

Editorial board
Fabrizia Berlingieri, Roberto Cavallo, Emilia Corradi, Hans de Boer, Giulia Setti

Keywords
Urban Design, Transition, Climate Change, Architectural design

Published by
TU Delft OPEN Publishing | Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands

ISBN/EAN: 978-94-6366-517-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34641/mg.

Copyright statement

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence
© 2022 published by TU Delft OPEN on behalf of the authors

Layout design: Kevin Santus

Cover design made by Fabrizia Berlingieri

Discaimer
Every attempt has been made to ensure the correct source of images and other potentially
copyrighted material was ascertained, and that all materials included in this book have been
attributed and used according to their license. If you believe that a portion of the material
infringes someone else’s copyright, please contact.
Text contributions by: Fabrizia Berlingieri, Marco Bovati, Roberto Cavallo, Emilia Corradi,
Cassandra Cozza, Hans de Boer, Elena Fontanella, Aikaterini Gkoltsiou, Jutta Hinterleitner, Artur
Jerzy Filip, Agim Kërçuku, Raf Ilsbroekx, Miltiades S. Lazoglou, Thanos Pagonis, Laura Pogliani,
Giulia Setti, Krystyna Solarek, Ilaria Valente, Maarten Van Acker, Špela Verovšek.
Project contributions by: Gianandrea Blaconà, Andrea Cappiello, Leonidas Christoulis, Dimitris
Loukos, Daniele Marturano, Michele Mazzoleni, Yassin Nooradini, Hooman Riazi Jorshari,
Nataliia Saltan, Louis Bernard de Saint Affrique, Kevin Santus, Arianna Scaioli, Stefano Sartorio,
William Guild, Sylwia Rebelo, Maciej Polakowski.

The publication has been realized thanks to the contribution of:

DAStU “Territorial Fragilities” Research Project funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, Universities
and Research (MIUR), Departments of Excellence Initiative 2018-2022; DIMI Deltas, Infrastructure and
Mobility Initiative, TU Delft.

Participating universities:
 Design Actions for Shifting Conditions.
A premise — 14
Fabrizia Berlingieri, Roberto Cavallo, Emilia Corradi, Hans de Boer

I. Paths of research
Architectural Design in an unprecedent time — 31
Emilia Corradi

The need for a paradigm shift and integrated approaches

for a future (proof) built environment — 37
Hans de Boer

Transition in urban analytics,

insight into research — 53
Špela Verovšek

Viewpoints
Specific/Generic, Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary.
Two remarks on architectural and urban design’s
perspectives for shifting conditions — 62
Elena Fontanella

Demographic fragility — 68
Agim Kërçuku

Adaptation and Resilience.

Architectural Design Tools between Uncertainty and
Transitory — 74
Giulia Setti

II. On (design) education

City Making in Times of Transitions. The central role of
learning — 85
Roberto Cavallo

Urban Design between culture, nature and society — 91

Kristyna Solarek

Paths for research and didactic experimentation — 97

Ilaria Valente
 Viewpoints
(Re)designing urban Network Space for cite Versailles
Brussels — 102
Raf Ilsbroekx and Maarten van Acker

Turf wars and Beyond: Plac Defilad in the hands of local

stewards — 108
Artus Jerzy Filip

Recuperating the coastline of Athens

as public space — 112
Thanos Pagonis

III. Reflecting on Practices

Design Strategies for Urban Renaturation — 123
Fabrizia Berlingieri

Notions from practice: Research by Design as a stepping

stone for the implementation of integral forms of spatial
design — 131
Jutta Hinterleitner

Academic Research in the Arenas of Practice — 139

Laura Pogliani

Viewpoints
Milan and its ecological transition design emerging
paradigms — 146
Cassandra Cozza

Adaptation to Climate Change in Greece: the role of the

life IP AdaptInGr programme — 152
Miltiades S. Lazoglou

Making our Greek cities attractive and sustainable. A

landscape design policy approach — 156
Aikaterini Gkoltsiou
IV. Didactic experimentation
City sides. Re-thinking Porto di mare through design
strategies of circular economy and resilience — 164
Kevin Santus, Stefano Sartorio, Arianna Scaioli

Bonding natures — 170

Michele Mazzoleni, Yassin Nooradini, Hooman Riazi Jorshari,
Nataliia Saltan

Water as regeneration element for the margins: a new

identity for Porto di mare — 176
Gianandrea Blaconà, Daniele Marturano

Insular urbanities — 182

Louis Bernard de Saint Affrique

Linearities: coral reefs in the sea of urbanity — 188

William Guild

Two point prespective: a glocal performance of

contemporary cities — 194
Andrea Cappiello

Urban agriculture, a case of Warsaw — 200

Maciej Polakowski

City as an ecosystem- Structures for improving the urban

metabolism with a city block as a model example — 206
Sylwia Rebelo

Towards a resilient perama: in search of lost space — 212

Dimitris Loukos

Mitigating fragmentation: Thoughts about resilience in

the formerly industrial suburb of Drapetsona-Keratsini,
west of Piraeus — 218
Leonidas Christoulis

We should not stop looking for beauty — 226

Marco Bovati

Credits — 232
Reflecting on
Practices
The third section deepens aiming to improve the
the possible interactions collective responsibility
between research, practice, about the social impact of
and education through new design actions. The
innovative methods and expertise of Academic
integrated actions. Departments, such as the
Starting from a more general DAStU (Department of
reflection on the urgency Architecture and Urban
to reconsider climate Studies) from Politecnico
change impacts on spatial di Milano, enhance the
urban dimension, the first social role of research and
contribution enlightens the its positive contribution to
emerging aesthetics and the build multidimensional and
current design processes multiscalar frameworks for
overcoming technical urban and environmental
approaches. regeneration actions, without
The two following papers of renouncing to pose a critical
Jutta Hinterleitner and Laura perspective.
Pogliani further specify the Specific viewpoints,
modalities through which focusing on the Italian and
the mutual interdependency Greek contexts and debates,
between scientific research enlarge the discussion to the
and design practice actions decision-making processes
can occur, starting from two about environmental policies
different experiences and and the necessity to improve
perspectives. The research national and international
programs boosted by the stages for a shared
BNA Research Department discussion.
within the Royal Institute of
Dutch Architects, involving
professionals, education
activities, public bodies,
and stakeholders, propose
alternative learning networks
 123

DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR

1
Informal Meeting of EU
Ministers Responsible,
URBAN RENATURATION
Urban Agenda for EU, Fabrizia Berlingieri
Pact of Amsterdam, 30
May 2016 Amsterdam, The
Netherlands.
Dynamics
2
European Commission, By looking at contemporary urban design practices on
The European Green Deal, environmental rebalancing, an expanded field emerges. Its
presented on 11.12.2019 in foundations are based on high standards of specialised knowledge,
Brussels.
where the predominance of eco-technicism appears to be the
3
«In order to address leading research perspective able to face and orient solutions for
the increasingly complex the crisis we experience. A multifaceted and structural condition
challenges in Urban Areas,
it is important that Urban
that refers to several ongoing and connected phenomena related
Authorities cooperate with to Climate Change dynamics (Marvin and Bulkeley et al. 2018)
local communities, civil affecting the habitability of the world’s regions, also with the
society, businesses and
increasing massive urbanisation versus the progressive abandonment
knowledge institutions.
Together they are the of agricultural land (UN 2018).
main drivers in shaping On a European level, the adoption of the Pact of Amsterdam1 in
sustainable development 2016 and the European Green Deal2 in 2019 show the advancement
with the aim of enhancing
the environmental,
of policy-oriented actions to establish a shared framework
economic, social and through a more and more enlarged platform of participation3.
cultural progress of EU policies, and their adoption on the national levels, profoundly
Urban Areas.» Pact of
Amsterdam, p.4.
impact the physical transformation of urban spaces, reshaping the
contemporary cities’ profiles. Indeed, several metropolitan areas
4
Among many others, have already adopted action plans to promote urban transitions,
some examples are the
with a specific reference to adaptive strategies for climate change,
Rotterdam Climate Change
Adaptation Strategy in profoundly directing the design discourse at considerably improving
2015, the Paris Climate nature in urbanscapes4. A main concern regards the material and
Action Plan in 2016, or immaterial damages that climate change, in its most catastrophic
the London Environment
Strategy in 2016, see
manifestations, causes to the functioning of the urban systems.
https://resourcecentre.c40. It must be said that it is a concern measured on the cities and
org/. Last access: 20.08.21 metropolitan systems’ economic scales. Adverting the consequences
5
About the binomial
of climate changes costs more than ‘accommodating’ them, as
City-Nature, an original much as possible, through the mean of urban adaptation to shifting
interpretation comes from conditions. But in this desperate race for remedies and short-term
the philosophical reflections
solutions to mitigate the effects of choices that have proved to be
of Rocca, Ettore. 2020.
“Architecture: From Time profoundly unjust and harmful, limited space is offered for broader
of Mind to Time of Nature”, reflections able to look beyond a perennial state of urgency5. Also,
Techne 20, 23-28. the contemporary dynamics reveal a progressive uncertainty of the
global economic and political systems and claim for a paradigmatic
Luchtsingel project shift (Bulkeley 2003) by questioning the spatial impacts on cities,
and the Hofplein which will be the main actors of transformation in the coming
station, ZUS,
Rotterdam 2015. decades (Sijmons 2014). Beyond taking the hit and changing course
(photo: F. Berlingieri) to manage natural resources in designing more liveable cities,
Fabrizia Berlingieri 124

we should not forget to aim for deeper thinking on precisely how it

is possible to reimagine the relationship between man and nature,
cities and nature.

«The Anthropocene is a world-engulfing concept, drawing

everything and being imaginable into its purview, both in terms
of geographic scale and temporal duration. Climate crisis, fueled
by predatory capitalism, has the potential to embolden the powers
that be to exert draconian controls over far-flung populations,
unprecedented in nature and scope. Can we instead learn new
ways of being in the face of this challenge, approaching the
transmogrification of the ecosphere in a spirit of experimentation
rather than catastrophic risk and existential dismay? » (Howe and
Pandian 2020, 22)

Requestioning nature
In a time constantly turned to its present, actions mostly precede
reflections. The latter is essential to broaden horizons, correctly pose
the underlying questions, and demystify preconceived attitudes.
Since the last decades, we have been overwhelmed by concepts
such as sustainability, vulnerability, mitigation, and the latest of
adaptation and resilience. This vocabulary guides our decisions as
architects and researchers in the urban field. Yet, while it should
represent a steady rudder to navigate in stormy waters, it often uses
increasingly abused rhetoric. A clear example could be provided by
talking about the spreading of a greening eco-imagery, populating
almost every urban design proposal. According to Douglas Spencer:

«Ecological crisis, too abstract to afford easy pictorial representation, too

much the product of complex interrelations and interactions seemingly
beyond the means of individuals to comprehend or to address, is
naturalized, reworked into the infantile projection of a ubiquitous
greening of space for personal enjoyment.» (Spencer 2019, 169)

The contemporary city resizes its artificial footprint with the increase
of new natural spaces, and this evidence clearly cannot be denied
when looking at the ongoing urban transformations. New ecological
corridors, wetlands, and forests are progressively substituting large
leftover areas and residual or abandoned spaces that characterized
the city’s fast-growing last century. This process has consequences
not just on the technical responses to the reduction of climate
change effects but mainly on the appearance of new aesthetics, new
ways, and values to perceive urban systems. For example, according
to Mirko Zardini, Sensorial Urbanism is a different mode for design
practices to explore the character and atmosphere of places for a
broader understanding of urban settings (Zardini 2015). In this
perspective, climate change and urban design are interlaced not
Design Strategies for Urban Renaturation 125

only with the scope of delivering eco-technical solutions, but their

interrelation speaks about the new witnesses of a more profound
understanding of the emerging phenomenon. The latter deals with
offering alternatives and novel ideas on how common spaces can
be reassessed by design from a semantic point of view. The most
relevant experiences, currently reshaping the 20th-century ideal
antithetic relation between nature and urban settlements, insist
on the importance of conceiving a new co-inhabitance between
the uncontrolled natural status of the environment with one of
the artifice still structuring the common imagery of urban and
metropolitan contexts6. According to Kengo Kuma, cohabitation
arises from removing the Western scheme firmly anchored to visual
perception, creating architectures as objects, as manifests of a
manufactured world and autonomous in respect to the continuous
natural cycles.

«As long as we insist on the primacy of visual perception, reject the

absolute character of vision. This does not mean we simply need
to introduce sounds, textures, odors. The answer is not to increase
the types and numbers of percentual frames but to see whether
or not we can make manifest that totality called “place” - a three-
dimensional totality of such diversity that it defies easy description.
That becomes our actual goal, once we set about trying to “erase
architecture.” Erasing the object, we must make manifest a place in
its stead.» (Kuma 1997, 49)

It is also the main j’accuse of Juhani Pallasmaa when affirming:

«I believe that many aspects of the pathology of everyday

architecture today can likewise be understood through an analysis of
the epistemology of the senses, and a critique of the ocular bias of
our culture at large, and of architecture in particular. The inhumanity
of contemporary architecture and cities can be understood as the
consequence of the neglect of the body and the senses, and an
imbalance in our sensory system.» (Pallasmaa 2021, 21)

Although far from the radicality of their positions, it is inevitable

to note how more and more often, contemporary urban design
practices and theoretical approaches relate to terms such as
character, atmosphere, and sensoriality. A new behavior based
on the aesthetic experiences of closeness and immersion in a
re-found naturality with the disappearing of a critical distance in
6
See Buš, Peter. 2019.
design proposals, or an act of abstraction, toward the conceiving
“Large-Scale Urban the spatial meanings of built contexts. Le Corbusier’s birds-eye
Prototyping for Responsive perspective, representing the modern city in its autonomy vis a vis
Cities: A Conceptual the natural status of the ground level, loses the capacity to describe
Framework”, Front. Digit
Humanit., 6:1. DOI: and define the world we inhabit, substituted by a new internal
10.3389/fdigh.2019.00001. view that is non-hierarchical, temporary, and unstable. Urban
Fabrizia Berlingieri 126

Renaturation (Berlingieri and Valente 2021), which refers to the

ecological restoration discipline, describes the ongoing, pervasive
process of reintroducing the wild natural sphere within the urban
contexts. It shapes a cross-disciplinary ground for diverse design
disciplines, starting from urban planning, often translating policy
orientations onto strategic guidelines for future sustainable urban
visions and developments, influencing new spatial settings (Bulkeley
and Betsill 2003). A second approach merges natural sciences and
environmental landscape design, addressing ecosystem services to
improve urban resilience through nature-based solutions (Kabish
et al. 2018) and enhancing the presence of new blue and green
natural infrastructures within the built context. A third setting, in
which urban renaturation occurs in design disciplines, relates to
urban design scale. Specifically, it refers to the remodeling of the
open spaces that implies public areas (Pollak 2006), infrastructural
leftovers (Nijhuis et al. 2015), or abandoned built complexes
(Bergevoet and van Tuijl 2016) through reuse and adaptive design
strategies. The first common feature between the three fields above
described relies on performativity. The main strategical choices
do not question innovation and quality of the spatial experience,
limiting the evaluation of the results to an almost quantitative level
(Gandy 2015). A second common feature is a sort of renunciation
of the intellectual act of abstraction when designing natural spaces,
a theoretical position of alterity between manmade interventions
and natural spatial settings. It is not just a conceptual node visible
in current architectural trends, but in general, it identifies a new
cultural attitude. Indeed, more and more, architectural responses
to climate change dynamics are reflected in proposals that replicate
nature in the design of the city’s open spaces, mimicking its forms
even with a certain naivety. The design approaches that tackle
the theme of natural – and technologically advanced – mimesis,
consciously attempt to the co-inhabitancy of the urban matter, the
artificial par excellence, with the life cycles of nature and even more
proposing figurative replicas, with the risk of an almost ornamental
approach to nature’s interpretation through urban design.
How is it possible to test the concept of a new sensorial design,
towards the co-inhabitance between urban form and natural space,
in contemporary design practices without falling into unpretentious,
and often economically unsustainable, attempting?

Reflecting on practices
A relevant shift in contemporary design approaches occurs not only
regarding the increase of experimental practices involving a wide
range of actors or stakeholders and building ad hoc procedures, but
considering a different horizon in which these practices move. The
interlacing of ecology, politics, technology, and social behaviour for
the design of urban environments needs a broader perspective.
Design Strategies for Urban Renaturation 127

In fact, when approaching sustainable development and adaptation

strategies, architectural aesthetics are overlooked, where this sphere
could significantly define a semantic turn. As outlined in the
previous paragraph, it transfigures a new perceptual experience
of nature into the urban matter through the emergent aesthetic
category of sensoriality. However, its translation onto design themes
is approached with different priorities within the contemporary and
most dedicated design practices, putting it in relation to temporality,
to wilderness, and even transposing it on a more conceptual level of
artistic expressions.
The theme of temporality in urban design has assumed increasing
importance in recent years. From a compositional point of view,
the design of public spaces becomes more and more a design of
permeable and natural soil that supports the seasonal cycles and
the dimension of the passage of time. One example is the work of
the Danish firm of Stig L. Andersson (SLA). The projects for the
renaturation of public spaces, such as the Gellerup Urban Park7, a
large redevelopment of open spaces within a social housing district,
work with the seasons but also with the decay of time and the
transience of the natural element. The spaces welcome dead trees
where they build the nourishment of the soil in their status. But, on
another level, temporality is also associated with a programmatic
7
Both projects, conceived
functional undefinition. The issue of the spontaneous growth of
by West 8 architects and the urban spaces in a process of renaturation, has implications both
urbanists, have direct at the social level and at the level of planning and development of
references on publications the city. The spaces change according to the conditions dictated by
and description on the
website: http://www.west8. the inhabitants, continually transforming under the establishment
com/. of different functions that restore the sense of community, rather
Last access: 20.08.21 than the image of a traditional public space. This strategy offers the
8
Regarding the meaning
replacement of design ‘vision’ and ‘strategy’ with those characterised
of wilderness as space or by discrete and implementable processes, binding design results to
region, leftover by man to a permanent temporality (ZUS 2016, 307). The results translate onto
nature evolution reference
is to Gilles Clements’
discrete models, whose construction materialises through actions
position, contained in and forms that however can be replicated beyond the contextual
his books Manifeste du conditions and which evolve according to those conditions’
Tiers-Paysage (2003) changes. In that sense, the project’s proposition corresponds to
and Planetary Garden
(2015). Recent relevant the demonstrability of its positive environmental impact, like, for
research on wilderness in example, the measurement of mitigation or adaptation effects to
urban and metropolitan climate change conditions in the short or medium term, projected
conditions is developed
by the geographer and
towards a vital technological innovation.
urbanist Matthew Gandy, Parallel to that, other experimental practices engage urban
for example, in Natura renaturation through the concept of wilderness8. In this context,
Urbana. The Brachen of
Berlin (2015), see Gandy,
«the distinction between human artifice and ecological succession
Matthew, “Marginalia: becomes progressively blurred» (Gandy 2006, 70). In this semantic
Aesthetics, Ecology and reversal, the environmental focus is not just a moral dictate
urban wastelands”, in but a form-generative and sense-production for contemporary
Annals of the Association
of American Geographers, urbanscapes. The recent works of Piet Oudolf and Olafur Eliasson
103:6, 1301-1316. can provide some examples.
Fabrizia Berlingieri 128

The Dutch designer9 brought the concepts of spontaneity, structural

complexity and seasonal interaction in his landscape projects to
the international stage, primarily through his work on some of the
world’s most celebrated contemporary gardens and open urban
spaces. An uncontrolled nature builds unexpected and changing
scenarios through the careful selection of perennial plant varieties,
where the senses of the users are fully involved, recovering an
emotional state of immersion in the natural world.
The artistic and urban-contextual installations of Olafur Eliasson
move on a more conceptual level, focusing on the perception
of the space that surrounds us in environmental terms. Natural
phenomena are at the centre of his interventions, and have been
investigated in their scientific aspect and influence on human life.
Similar is the work of Studio Roosengaarde, which continually
moves between the folds of artistic installations, temporary design
of public spaces and experiments on the use of technological visual
devices. Instead, the installations’ contents focus on the evidence
of climatic effects and the challenges they imply. Virtual and
augmented realities become the keys to manifest environmental
urgencies, and they foster a new imagery of urban open space
and its experience through (augmented) sensoriality. Another
practice that triggers the imagination of new worlds by intertwining
technologies and design solutions is that of the architect Philippe
Rahm. His approach relies on considering climate change as an 9
The New Perennial
opportunity by rethinking the architecture and urbanisation of movement, or New
Wave Planting, refers
the city from an atmospheric point of view, providing a new, even to landscape design
sensual, quality of life to its inhabitants10. discipline, working
The emerging aesthetics, briefly outlined by a few contemporary on the contemporary
reinterpretation of the
design practices, share an alternative way of looking at the
romantic garden, starting
relationship between environment urgencies and urban imagery, from Chinese and English
declaring the intent to go beyond merely formal trends, and traditions. The complexity
addressing a broader reflection. Design disciplines, developing and wildness of Nature
becomes a specific object
innovative processes and strategies, ask not for the provision of for aesthetic investigation,
technical solutions regarding the ongoing transitions, merely see: https://www.landscape.
following short-term horizons, but on the contrary, they deeply net.au/a-passion-for-
perennials/.
explore the potential in the background, dealing with a long-term Last access: 20.08.21
perspective and anticipating future scenarios. Design research and
practice aim for a radical change of attitudes that consciously accept 10
In Philippe Rahm
architectes. 2017. Form
precariousness and continuous instability as an operative framework,
follows climate: about a
investigating the possibility of a ‘real-time design’ for the present meteorological park in
urban transitions. Taiwan. OFL Lectures.
Design Strategies for Urban Renaturation 129

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Credits
 232

Contributions by experts:

Fabrizia Berlingieri Artur Jerzy Filip

Senior Lecturer, Assistant Professor, Urban Planner, Assistant Professor
Department of Architecture and Urban Faculty of Architecture, Warsaw University
Studies (DAStU), Politecnico di Milano of Technology

Marco Bovati Agim Kërçuku

Associate Professor, Research Fellow, Adjunct Professor
Department of Architecture and Urban Department of Architecture and Urban
Studies (DAStU), Politecnico di Milano Studies (DAStU), Politecnico di Milano

Roberto Cavallo Raf Ilsbroekx

Associate Professor, Urbanist, PhD-candidate,
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Research Group for Urban Development,
Architecture and the Built Environment, University of Antwerp
TU Delft
Miltiades S. Lazoglou
Emilia Corradi Urban & Regional Planner, Post-doctoral
Associate Professor, Researcher,
Department of Architecture and Urban Department of Urban and Regional
Studies (DAStU), Politecnico di Milano Planning School of Architecture, National
Technical University of Athens
Cassandra Cozza
Lecturer, Assistant Professor, Thanos Pagonis
Department of Architecture and Urban Associate Professor,
Studies (DAStU), Politecnico di Milano Department of Urban and Regional
Planning School of Architecture, National
Hans de Boer Technical University of Athens
Coordinator Research affairs &
Innovation/Coordinator Minor Integrated Laura Pogliani
Infrastructure Design, Associate Professor,
Deltas, Infrastructures & Mobility Initiative Department of Architecture and Urban
(DIMI), TU Delft Studies (DAStU), Politecnico di Milano

Elena Fontanella Giulia Setti

Lecturer, Adjunct Professor Lecturer, Assistant Professor,
Department of Architecture and Urban Department of Architecture and Urban
Studies (DAStU), Politecnico di Milano Studies (DAStU), Politecnico di Milano

Aikaterini Gkoltsiou Krystyna Solarek

Landscape Architect, M.L.A., Agronomist Professor,
A.U.A, Faculty of Architecture, Warsaw University
President of PHALA, Vice President of of Technology
Professional Practice IFLA EUROPE
Ilaria Valente
Jutta Hinterleitner Professor,
Research Fellow Management in the Built Department of Architecture and Urban
Environment, Studies (DAStU), Politecnico di Milano
Faculty of Architecture and the Built
Environment, TU Delft
 233

Maarten Van Acker

Professor Urban Design, Urban
Development Research Group,
Faculty of Design Sciences, University of
Antwerp

Špela Verovšek
Research Associate,
Faculty of Architecture,University of
Ljubljana

Project contributions by:

Gianandrea Blaconà, Andrea Cappiello,
Leonidas Christoulis, Dimitris Loukos,
Daniele Marturano, Michele Mazzoleni,
Yassin Nooradini, Hooman Riazi Jorshari,
Nataliia Saltan, Louis Bernard de Saint
Affrique, Kevin Santus, Arianna Scaioli,
Stefano Sartorio, William Guild, Sylwia
Rebelo, Maciej Polakowski.