RoW Lateef Cannes at Borate to Se nae te alg noma coh ae een ene the Population of and mucous bay mucou: ‘an be divided into two MSient flora Resident Flora + secon of organisms Which are rgutaty py in a particular area and wire disturbed tet establishes itself. For example, Basie ise hormal inhabitant of the intestae® cali is a Transient Flora + It consists of both non-p, pathogenic bacteria that i mucous membrane for a limited + Pathogens such as the p meningococcus may be fo humans from time to time. athogenic and c inhabit the ee body surface or etiod. meumococcus and the "und in nasopharynx of 1. NORMAL FLORA OF THE gxiy + Staph. epidermidis and diphtheroids most constant in the skin, * Other microorganisms include Peptococcus, Str viridans, Enterococcus, Micrococcus, Eek Proteus, Candida albicans and Propionitacterium aon + Penicillin resistant staphylococci are seen individuals working in hospitals are numerous and coli, MI, NORMAL FLORA OF THE CONJUNCTIVA * The conjunctiva is relatively free from bacteria due to the flushing action of tears and due to the presence of lysozyme in it, * The predominant organisms are semsis, Staph. epidermidi non-haemoly' Corynebacterium Moraxella species and ic streptococci. Ml. NORMAL FLORA OF THE NOSE AND NASOPHARYNX * The flora of nose harbour diphtheroids, staphylococci, streptococci and Haemophilus species. * Thenasopharynx is a natural habitat of the common Pathogens which cause infections of the nose, throat, bronchi and lungs. IAL FLORA IV. NORMAL FLORA OF THE MOUTH * The mouth contains micrococci, Gram positive aerobic spore bearing bacilli, coliforms, Proteus and lactobacilli The gum pockets between the teeth have a wide Spectrum of anaerobic bacilli, anaerobic micrococci, anaerobic streptococd, fusiform bacilli, corynebacterium Species, actinomyces and bacteroides, V. NORMAL FLORA OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT * Alpha haemolytic streptococci are present in the upper respiratory tract. * In the pharynx and trachea, flora is similar to that of the mouth, VI. NORMAL FLORA OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT * The bacterial count in adult duodenum is 10°-10° per Sram, in the jejunum and proximal ileum 10°-10" per gram and in the lower ileum and caecum 10-10" Per gram of contents. Lactobacilli and enterococci predominate in the Suodenum and upper ileum, but in the lower ileum and caecum the flora resemble the faecal flora Colon and rectum contains about 10% bacteria per Sram of contents, constituting 10-20 per cent of the faecal mass, ‘The normal flora of adult colon contains mostly (96-99 Per cent) anaerobes and only 1-4 per cent aerobes. ‘The anaerobic flora includes Bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, Bacteroides sp. and clostridia. anaerobic ecies, anaerobic streptococci Enterococci, coliforms and small number of Proteus, Pseudomonas, mycoplasma, lactobacilli and candida are predominant aerobes present in normal colon. VI. NORMAL FLORA OF THE GENITOURINARY TRACT ‘+ Mycobacterium smegmatis, a harmless commensal, is found in the secretions (smegma) of the genitalia of both males and females.«grains of MyCOPIAST and Ureaplasma are frequently present as Pa rma flora of genitalia of both Bacteroides species and alpha sexes se andere vei Faemolytie streptocoee have been found in penile urethra. « The femal piers fe urethra is either sterile oF contains Staph. At leposi At rery Se as ‘ition of d chan, activi Bes to acid due to gen stivity of Doderlen’s bedi ne ie mae persists throughout en : oe woreda ef .enormal vaginal flora i mein epee: flora include 4 -occi, Bacteriodes edie eee = 3, Gardnerel x diphtheroids, li 5, Tisteria and Candida albicans Paginas,