Python Cheat Sheet Basic Syntax Comments # This is a comment This is a multi-line comment Basic Input/Output # Input user_input = input("Enter your name. # Output print("Hello, " + user_input + "I") ) Variables and Data Types # Variable declaration name = "Alice" # String age = 30 # Integer height = 5.7 # Float is_student = True # Boolean Basic Data Structures # List fruits = ["apple", "banana", “cherry"] # Tuple dimensions = (192, 1080) # Dictionary student = {"name": "Alice", "2 30) /Pythonclcoding @ /Pythoncoding EB ‘clcoding &®Python Cheat Sheet Lists Lists are one of the builtin data types in Python that allow you to store multiple items in a single variable. Creating a List my list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] Accessing Elements first_item = my list(a] #1 last_item = my list[-1] #5 ‘Adding Elements my_list.append(6) # Adds 6 to the end my_list.insert(2, 0) # Inserts @ at the beginning Removing Elements my_list.remove(3) # Removes the first occurrence of 3 popped_item = my_list.pop() # Removes and returns the last item Slicing sub_list = my_list[1:4] #[2, 3, 4] List Length length = len(my_list) # Gets the length of the list Iterating Through a List for item in my_list: print (item) List Comprehension squared = [xt*2 for x in my_list] #[@, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36] Checking for Existence exists = 3 in my_list # True if 3 is in my_list Sorting a List my_list.sort() # Sorts the list in place sorted_list = sorted(my_list) # Returns a new sorted list /Pythonclcoding @ /Pythoncoding EB /cleoding &®Python Cheat Sheet Dictionary Dictionaries are a builtin data type in Python that store key-value pairs. They are unordered, mutable, and indexed by keys, allowing for fast lookups and modifications. Creating a Dictionary ‘Checking for Existence my_dict = {'nane': ‘Alice’, ‘age’: 25} exists = ‘name’ in my_dict # True if ‘name’ is a key in my dict Accessing Values name = my_dict[‘name'] Dictionary Length # ‘Alice’ Length = len(my_dict) age = my_dict.get(‘age") # Gets the nunber of key-value pairs #25 Copying a Dictionary ‘Adding/Updating Items copy_dict = my_dict.copy() my_dict['city'] = "New York # Creates a shallow copy of the W Adds @ new key-value pair dictionary my_dict[ ‘age’] = 26 # Updates the value of ‘age’ Removing Items del my_dict[' age") # Removes the key ‘age value = my_dict.pop(‘city") # Removes ‘city’ and returns its value Iterating Through a Dictionary for key, value in my_dict.items(): prant(f"{key}: {value} Dictionary Comprehension squared dict = {x: x**2 for x in range(5)} # (0: 0, 2: 4, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16} Merging Dictionaries another_dict = {‘city’: ‘Paris'} merged_dict = {**my_dict, **another_dict) # Merges to dictionaries © /Pythonclcoding @ /Pythoncoding BB /cleoding &®Python Cheat Sheet Sets are a built-in data type in Python that store unique elements in an unordered collection. Creating a Set Clearing a Set ny_set = (1, 2,3, 4, 5) ny_set.clear() # Removes all elements from the set ‘Adding Elements nny_set.add(s) Iterating Through a Set 4 Adds 6 to the set for item in my_set: print(ites Checking Existence exists = 2 in my_set Set Comprehension # Thus Af 2 As An the eat squared_set = {x**2 for x in range(5)} # (2, 1 4, 9 16) Converting a List to a Set ] 2 ny_list = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4] unique_set = set(my_list) # (1, 2, 3, 4) Set Operations seta = (1, 2, 3) set_b= (3, 4, 5} Set Length Length = Len(my_set) # Gets the number of elements in the set union = set_a | set_b #(, 234 5) intersection = set_a & set_b # G} difference = seta - set_b #0, 2} symmetric_difference = set_a * set_b #0245) Removing Elements mmy_set.remove(3) # Removes 3 from the set; raises KeyError if not found mmy_set.discard(4) 4 Removes 4 from the set; does not raise an error if not found popped item = my_set.pop() # Removes and returns an arbitrary element /Pythonclcoding @ /Pythoncoding EW /clcoding &®Python Cheat Sheet Tuples Tuples are a built-in data type in Python that store ordered collections of elements. They are immutable, meaning that once created, their elements cannot be changed Creating a Tuple my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) Accessing Elements first_item = my_tuple[o] #1 last_item = my_tuple[-1] #5 Single-Element Tuple single_element = (1,) # Must include a comma Iterating Through a Tuple for item in my_tuple: print (item) Tuples are Immutable # my_tuple[o] = 10 # Raises Typetrror Length of a Tuple length = len(my_tuple) Repeating Tuples repeated tuple = (1, 2) * 3 # (1, 2, 1, 2, 4, 2) Packing and Unpacking # Packing packed = 1, 2, 3 # Unpacking a, b, ¢ = packed # art, 3 Slicing sub_tuple = my_tuple[1:4] # (2, 3, 4) Concatenating Tuples new_tuple = my_tuple + (6, 7) # (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) # Gets the number of elements in the tuple /Pythonclcoding @ /Pythoncoding EB /clcoding ®Python Cheat Sheet Range The range function is a built-in Python function that generates a sequence of numbers, commonly used in for-loops for iteration. It returns an immutable sequence type, which is memory efficient for creating large ranges of numbers. Creating a Range = range(5) # Creates a range object: @, 1, 2, Converting to a List List_range = list(range(5)) # Converts to a list: [@, 1, 2, 3, Reverse a Range r= range(5, @, -1) # Creates a range object: 5, 4, 3, Checking Membership exists = 3 in range(5) # True if 3 is in the range Using with List Comprehension squares = [x**2 for x in range(5)] #[@, 1, 4, 9, 16) Creating a Range Object range(1, 10) # Creates a range object (1, 2, 3, Specifying Start and Stop r= range(2, 8) # Creates a range object: 2, 3, 4, ‘Specifying Step r= range(®, 10, 2) 3,4 # Creates a range object: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 Iterating Over a Range for i in range(s): 4] print(i) # Prints numbers from @ to 4 Length of a Range 2,1 length = len(range(5)) # Gets the length: 5 9) 5, 6,7 /Pythonclcoding @ /Pythoncoding EB clcoding a.Python Cheat Sheet Iterators Iterators are objects in Python that implement the iterator protocol, consisting of the methods -_() and _next_(). They allow you to traverse a container (like lists, tuples, or dictionaries) without needing to access the elements by index. Creating an iterator ny list = [1, 2, 3] ny_aterstor = ster(ay_List) # Create an iterator From a list Using next) First_item = next(ay_iterator) Retrieves the first stem: 1 second_itam = next (ay_iterator) # Retrieves the second item: 2 IRerating Using « Loop for stem in my List: print(item) # prints: 1, 2, 3 Creating a Custom Iterator class tyRange: def _init_(self, start, end): [Link] © start selfiend = end def _iter_(self) return self def _next_(self) FF selfscurrent < [Link]: result = [Link] [Link] += 1 return result else raise Stoptteration ny_range = MyRange(1, 4) For number sn my_range print number) Converting to List List_from_sterator = List(iter(range(s))) #18) 4, 23, 4] Checking if]an Object is an Iterator ig Aterator = isinstance(ay iterator, iter) Using iter) with a Function import random def random nunbers(): while True: yield [Link](2, 10) rrandom_iter = iter(random_nunbers()) for _ in range(s) Print(next(random_iter)) fe prints random nuabers between 1 and 10 © /Pythonclcoding @ /Pythoncoding EB /cleoding &®Python Cheat Sheet Enumerate The enumerate function is a built-in Python function that adds a counter to an iterable (like a list or a string) and returns it as an enumerate object. This function is particularly useful for tracking the index of elements while iterating through a collection. Basic Usage Iterating Over a String my_list = ['a', "b', 'c'] for index, char in enumerate(*hello"): for index, value in enumerate(my_list): print(index, char) print(index, value) # output: # output: #oh #oa #ie #1b #21 #2 #31 #40 Specifying a Start Index for index, value in enumerate(my list, starte1): print(index, value) # output: tia #2b #3 Converting to a List of Tuples enumerated list = list(enumerate(my_list)) # Output: [(@, 'a'), (1, 'b'), (2) 'e')] Using with List Comprehension enumerated_dict = {index: value for index, value in enumerate(my_list)} # Output: {@: ‘a, 1: "b', 2: 'c"} /Pythonclcoding @ /Pythoncoding EB /cleoding &®Python Cheat Sheet Control Flow Control flow refers to the order in which individual statements, instructions, or function calls are executed or evaluated in a program. Conditional Statements ‘Switch-Uike Structure age = 20 def suitch_case(option): return { if age < 18: “option 1 selected", print("“Hinor") "option 2 selected", elif age < 65: 3: “Option 3 selected” print("aduit") }.get(option, "Invalid option") else: print("senior") print (switch_case(2)) # Output: Option 2 selected Nested Conditional Statements number = 10 For Loop: for 4 in range(5): Af nunber > 0: print(i) # Output: 8, 1, 2, 3, 4 print("Positive if number % 2 == 0: White Loop: print ("even") count = 0 else: while count < 5: print ("odd") print (count) count += 1 # Output: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 Breaking and Continuing Loops for 4 in range(S): if dee 2: continue # Skip the number 2 print(i) # output: @, 1, 3, 4 for i in range(s): if dae 3: break # Exit the loop when i is 3 print(i) # output: @, 1, 2 /Pythonclcoding @ /Pythoncoding EW /cleoding &®