Data Processing 2nd Term Sss 1-3 WK 1to5
Data Processing 2nd Term Sss 1-3 WK 1to5
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION TO ICT
ICT refers to the technologies used to manage, process, and communicate information.
Examples include computers, smartphones, internet, software, and networks.
APPLICATION OF ICT
1. Education: online learning, virtual classrooms, digital resources
2. Business: e-commerce, online marketing, digital payments
3. Healthcare: telemedicine, electronic health records, medical research
4. Entertainment: social media, online gaming, streaming services
IMPORTANCE OF ICT
1. Improves communication and collaboration
2. Enhances access to information and knowledge
3. Supports economic growth and development
Activity 2: Students engage critically but constructively with each other sharing ideas on
concept of ICT
Activity 4: Students participate in class discussion as teacher allows them to ask question in
their area of difficulty and evaluates.
ASSESSMENT:
1. Outline the concept of ICT
WRAP-UP (CONCLUSION):
ICT refers to the technologies used to manage, process, and communicate information.
Examples include computers, smartphones, internet, software, and networks.
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION TO RELATIONAL MODEL
The relational model is a way to structure and organize data into tables, making it easy to
manage and retrieve. Imagine you're organizing a school's student information. You'd want to
store details like names, class, and contact information.
Key Components:
1. Tables: Think of tables like spreadsheets. Each table stores data about a specific topic,
like students or teachers.
2. Rows: Each row in a table represents a single record or entry. For example, a row
might represent a single student.
3. Columns: Columns represent individual fields or attributes. For example, columns
might include "Name," "Class," or "Email."
4. Primary Key: A primary key is a unique identifier for each record in a table. It's like a
student ID number.
5. Foreign Key: A foreign key is a field in one table that references the primary key in
another table. It helps link related data between tables.
How it Works:
1. You create tables to store different types of data.
2. You define relationships between tables using primary and foreign keys.
3. You can then query the data by linking tables together based on these relationships.
Example:
Suppose we have two tables: "Students" and "Subjects."
"Students" table:
Student ID (Primary Key) Name Class
1 John Doe Sss 1c
2 Jane Smith Sss 2c
"Courses" table:
Course ID (Primary Key) Subject Student ID (Foreign Key)
1 Maths 1
2 English 2
3 Civic 1
By linking the "Students" and "Courses" tables using the Student ID foreign key, we can easily
retrieve information about which courses each student is taking.
Activity 2: Students in small groups are arranged together into sections and are asked to
focus on the limitation of flat-file database and the concept of relationship using students
and subjects.
Activity 3: Students think and share with peers how related data can be arranged such that
each group will be together for easy access and management.
Activity 4: Students participate in class discussion as teacher allows them to ask question in
their area of difficulty and evaluates.
ASSESSMENT:
1. Describe relational model
WRAP-UP (CONCLUSION):
The relational model is a way to structure and organize data into tables, making it easy to
manage and retrieve. Imagine you're organizing a school's student information. You'd want to
store details like names, class, and contact information.
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION TO APPLICATION PACKAGES
An application package is a collection of software programs that work together to help you
perform specific tasks or achieve certain goals.
Activity 2: Students are lead to discuss and express their opinion on the definition of
Application packages
Activity 3: Students critically discuss to figure out based on what they do on the system to
name some of the application packages they are familiar with.
Activity 4: Students participate in class discussion as teacher allows them to ask question in
their area of difficulty and evaluates.
ASSESSMENT:
1. List some application packages
WRAP-UP (CONCLUSION):
An application package is a collection of software programs that work together to help you
perform specific tasks or achieve certain goals.
CONTENT
APPLICATION OF ICT
ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology.
Types of ICT
1. Hardware: Physical devices like computers, laptops, smartphones, and servers.
2. Software: Programs and applications that run on hardware, like Microsoft Office or
Google Chrome.
3. Networks: Connections between devices, like the internet, Wi-Fi, or local area
networks (LANs).
4. Internet: A global network of interconnected computers and servers that provide
access to information and communication.
Negative Impacts:
1. Cyberbullying and Online Harassment: ICT can be used to bully and harass others
online.
2. Addiction and Distraction: Excessive use of ICT can lead to addiction and distraction
from important tasks.
3. Job Displacement: Automation and AI can displace jobs, particularly those that involve
repetitive tasks.
4. Environmental Impact: The production and disposal of ICT devices can harm the
environment.
Activity 2: Students are divided into groups. Each group are to discuss on what they
understand by ICT types.
Activity 4: Students participate in class discussion as teacher allows them to ask question in
their area of difficulty and evaluates.
ASSESSMENT:
1. State the full meaning of ICT
2. State types of ICT
3. Identify the impact of ICT in society
WRAP-UP (CONCLUSION):
ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology.
ICT refers to the technologies used to manage, process, and communicate information.
CONTENT:
RELATIONAL MODELS
What is the Relational Model?
The relational model is a way to organize and store data in a structured format using tables,
rows, and columns. It's like a spreadsheet, but more powerful and flexible.
We would create the table with the above structure and then insert data into it:
Student ID Name Class
1 John Doe 3
2 Jane Smith 2
3 Bob Johnson 1
Activity 2: students are made to rearrange a set of mixed-up books for easy access and
management using library as a guide in order to learn relational database and how data can
be represented
Activity 3: Students follow teacher’s guide on steps and commands to create database tables
Activity 4: Students participate in class discussion as teacher allows them to ask question in
their area of difficulty and evaluates.
ASSESSMENT:
1. Explain the term ‘relational models’
2. Describe how data can be represented In relational model
3. Create tables and insert data in the appropriate fields
WRAP-UP (CONCLUSION):
The relational model is a way to organize and store data in a structured format using tables,
rows, and columns. It's like a spreadsheet, but more powerful and flexible.
ASSIGNMENT: Create a table on student details and insert data in the appropriate fields
CONTENT
WORD PROCESSING
FEATURES OF A WORD PROCESSING PACKAGE
1. Text Editing: Insert, delete, and modify text.
2. Font and Style: Change font, size, color, and style.
3. Alignment and Spacing: Adjust text alignment, spacing, and margins.
4. Cut, Copy, and Paste: Move or copy text within a document.
5. Undo and Redo: Reverse or reapply changes.
6. Find and Replace: Search for and replace specific text.
7. Tables and Columns: Create and format tables and columns.
8. Images and Graphics: Insert and edit images and graphics.
9. Headers and Footers: Add headers and footers to documents.
10. Spell Check and Grammar Check: Check for spelling and grammar errors.
Activity 2: Students are lead into using the Word Processing package (Microsoft Office Word)
in preparing, editing, saving and printing document
Activity 3: Students are grouped and assigned systems to use in order to practise and
collaborate among themselves on the tasks stated in lesson’s objective column.
Activity 4: Students participate in class discussion as teacher allows them to ask question in
their area of difficulty and evaluates.
ASSESSMENT:
1. List the features of word packaging
2. Prepare and edit document on appropriate package
3. Save and print document in MS-Word
WRAP-UP (CONCLUSION):
The features of Microsoft Word include editing, font and style, alignment and spacing, cut,
copy and paste, undo and redo, find and replace, tables and columns, images and graphics,
headers and footers, spell check and grammar check.
CONTENT
INFORMATION PROCESSING I
Information processing refers to the steps involved in collecting, transforming, and
presenting data into useful information. It's like a recipe for turning raw data into something
meaningful and helpful.
Activity 3: Students are divided into a group and elect a group leader. They will work out
procedures involved in information processing
Activity 4: Students participate in class discussion as teacher allows them to ask question in
their area of difficulty and evaluates.
ASSESSMENT:
1. Define information processing
2. List the procedures for information processing
WRAP-UP (CONCLUSION):
Information processing refers to the steps involved in collecting, transforming, and
presenting data into useful information.
CONTENT:
Modifying Relations using Database Application Package
A database application package, such as Microsoft Access or MySQL, allows you to create,
modify, and manage relations between tables.
- Inserting Data: You can add new records to a table using the "Insert" command.
- Deleting Data: You can remove existing records from a table using the "Delete" command.
- Updating Data: You can modify existing records in a table using the "Update" command.
Activity 2: Students are arranged together in session groups that focus on a data
representation in relational model. Within each group, every student contributes thoughts
and ideas on how data are represented. Students respond to prompts as given by the teacher
on following terms: cardinality, entity integrity, connectivity, constraints, integrity
constraints and relationship type as related to RDBMS
Activity 3: Students visit internet and learn more with this video link
[Link]
Activity 4: Students participate in class discussion as teacher allows them to ask question in
their area of difficulty and evaluates.
ASSESSMENT:
1. Modify relations using database application package
2. Explain integrity constraints over relations
3. State terms related to RDBMS
WRAP-UP (CONCLUSION):
A database application package, such as Microsoft Access or MySQL, allows you to create,
modify, and manage relations between tables.
CONTENT
WORD PROCESSING
FEATURES OF A WORD PROCESSING PACKAGE
1. Text Editing: Insert, delete, and modify text.
2. Font and Style: Change font, size, color, and style.
3. Alignment and Spacing: Adjust text alignment, spacing, and margins.
4. Cut, Copy, and Paste: Move or copy text within a document.
5. Undo and Redo: Reverse or reapply changes.
6. Find and Replace: Search for and replace specific text.
7. Tables and Columns: Create and format tables and columns.
8. Images and Graphics: Insert and edit images and graphics.
9. Headers and Footers: Add headers and footers to documents.
10. Spell Check and Grammar Check: Check for spelling and grammar errors.
Activity 2: Students under the tutelage of the teacher, load and identify the features of MS-
Word
Activity 3: Students will perform some activities on how to format a given text document
with some list of tasks to do such as Bold, Font size, type etc.
Activity 4: Students participate in class discussion as teacher allows them to ask question in
their area of difficulty and evaluates.
ASSESSMENT:
1. Apply MS Word in preparing documents
WRAP-UP (CONCLUSION):
The features of Microsoft Word include editing, font and style, alignment and spacing, cut,
copy and paste, undo and redo, find and replace, tables and columns, images and graphics,
headers and footers, spell check and grammar check.
CONTENT
COLLATION
Collation is the process of gathering and combining data from different sources. It's like
collecting puzzle pieces from various places and putting them together.
*Examples of Collation*
- Collecting survey responses from classmates
- Gathering data from books, articles, and online resources
ORGANIZATION
Organization is the process of arranging and structuring the collected data in a logical and
meaningful way. It's like putting the puzzle pieces together to form a complete picture.
*Examples of Organization*
- Creating a spreadsheet to store and organize data
- Using folders and files to store and organize documents
ANALYSIS
Analysis is the process of examining and breaking down the organized data to identify
patterns, relationships, and trends. It's like studying the complete puzzle picture to
understand what it means.
*Examples of Analysis*
- Calculating statistics, such as mean, median, and mode
- Creating graphs and charts to visualize data
INTERPRETATION
Interpretation is the process of explaining and making sense of the analyzed data. It's like
telling a story about what the puzzle picture means.
*Examples of Interpretation*
- Drawing conclusions based on the analyzed data
- Making recommendations or predictions
*Example Scenario*
Let's say you're working on a project to investigate the effect of social media on students'
mental health.
1. *Collation*: You collect data from surveys, interviews, and online resources.
2. *Organization*: You create a spreadsheet to store and organize the data.
3. *Analysis*: You calculate statistics and create graphs to identify patterns and relationships.
4. *Interpretation*: You explain the findings, drawing conclusions about the impact of social
media on students' mental health.
Activity 2: Students are taken to the Computer Lab to have hands on experience information
processing procedures
Activity 3: Students are given access to use the internet to make researches when need be.
Activity 4: Students participate in class discussion as teacher allows them to ask question in
their area of difficulty and evaluates.
ASSESSMENT:
1. Explain procedures for information processing
2. Differentiate between the procedures for information processing
WRAP-UP (CONCLUSION):
The procedures for information processing include collation, organization, analysis and
interpretation.
CONTENT:
The relational model is a way to organize and store data in a structured format using tables,
rows, and columns. It's like a spreadsheet, but more powerful and flexible.
CREATING FORMS
1. Open MS Access: Launch the application and open your database.
2. Click on "Create" tab: In the Ribbon, click on the "Create" tab.
3. Click on "Form Design": In the "Forms" group, click on the "Form Design" button.
4. Select a Table or Query: Choose the table or query that you want to base your form on.
5. Add Fields: Drag and drop the fields you want to include on your form.
6. Customize the Form: Use the tools in the "Form Design" tab to customize the layout,
add labels, and change the appearance of your form.
7. Save the Form: Click "Save" to save your form.
GENERATING QUERIES
1. Click on "Create" tab: In the Ribbon, click on the "Create" tab.
2. Click on "Query Design": In the "Queries" group, click on the "Query Design" button.
3. Select a Table or Query: Choose the table or query that you want to base your query
on.
4. Add Fields: Drag and drop the fields you want to include in your query.
5. Set Criteria: Use the "Criteria" row to set conditions for your query.
6. Run the Query: Click the "Run" button to execute your query.
7. Save the Query: Click "Save" to save your query.
PREPARING REPORTS
1. Click on "Create" tab: In the Ribbon, click on the "Create" tab.
2. Click on "Report Design": In the "Reports" group, click on the "Report Design" button.
3. Select a Table or Query: Choose the table or query that you want to base your report
on.
4. Add Fields: Drag and drop the fields you want to include in your report.
5. Customize the Report: Use the tools in the "Report Design" tab to customize the layout,
add labels, and change the appearance of your report.
6. Add a Header and Footer: Use the "Report Header" and "Report Footer" sections to
add a title, date, and other information to your report.
7. Save the Report: Click "Save" to save your report.
Activity 2: Students practice how to create forms, generate queries and prepare reports
using MS-Access following teacher’s demonstration.
Activity 3: Students are to visit internet and watch more with this video link
[Link] h?v=VrIMnoM0c0c
Activity 4: Students participate in class discussion as teacher allows them to ask question in
their area of difficulty and evaluates.
ASSESSMENT:
1. Create forms
2. Generate queries
3. Prepare reports using MS- Access
WRAP-UP (CONCLUSION):
The relational model is a way to organize and store data in a structured format using tables,
rows, and columns. It's like a spreadsheet, but more powerful and flexible.
CONTENT
SPREAD SHEET
FEATURES OF MS EXCEL
1. Cells: The basic building blocks of an Excel spreadsheet, where data is entered.
2. Formulas: Used to perform calculations and manipulate data.
3. Functions: Pre-built formulas that perform specific tasks, such as SUM or AVERAGE.
4. Charts: Visual representations of data, such as bar charts or line graphs.
5. Conditional Formatting: Highlights cells based on specific conditions, such as values or
formulas.
6. PivotTables: Summarizes and analyzes large datasets.
7. Data Validation: Restricts input data to specific formats or ranges.
Comparison Formulas
1. IF: `=IF(A1>10, "Yes", "No")` checks if the value in cell A1 is greater than 10, and
returns "Yes" or "No".
2. IFERROR: `=IFERROR(A1/B1, "Error")` checks if the formula A1/B1 returns an error,
and returns "Error" if true.
Logical Formulas
1. AND: `=AND(A1>10, B1<5)` checks if both conditions A1>10 and B1<5 are true.
2. OR: `=OR(A1>10, B1<5)` checks if either condition A1>10 or B1<5 is true.
Text Formulas
1. CONCATENATE: `=CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1)` combines the text in cells A1 and B1
with a space in between.
2. LOWER: `=LOWER(A1)` converts the text in cell A1 to lowercase.
STRATEGIES AND ACTIVITIES: Whole class discussion, hands on practical, small group
Activity 1:
a) Teacher writes the learning objectives on the board and shares with the students
b) Students discuss and revise last lesson and link it with today’s lesson
c) Students explain some stated key vocabulary word
Activity 2: Students under the tutelage of the teacher, load and identify the features of
Spreadsheet (MS Excel)
Activity 3: Students are grouped and assigned systems to use in order to practise and
collaborate among themselves on using MS Excel to calculate.
Activity 4: Students participate in class discussion as teacher allows them to ask question in
their area of difficulty and evaluates.
ASSESSMENT:
1. Identify the features of MS Excel
2. Use MS excel formula to calculate
WRAP-UP (CONCLUSION):
ASSIGNMENT: Prepare a table on students’ scores in two subjects, find the SUM and
AVERAGE.
CONTENT
PROCESS OF INFORMATION TRANSMISSION (I)
Information Transmission is the process of sending out processed data from one person or
place to another in a meaningful form through a communication medium.
Activity 2: Students are allowed to individually pen down their knowledge information
transmission
Activity 3: Students are given access to use the internet to make researches on the
differences between modern and ancient method of transmitting information
Activity 4: Students participate in class discussion as teacher allows them to ask question in
their area of difficulty and evaluates.
ASSESSMENT:
1. Define information transmission
2. State methods of information transmission
3. Differentiate between ancient and modern method of transmitting information
WRAP-UP (CONCLUSION):
The procedures for information processing include collation, organization, analysis and
interpretation.
CONTENT:
Data security refers to the practices and techniques used to protect digital data from
unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.
Encrypting Data
Encryption is the process of converting plaintext data into unreadable ciphertext to protect it
from unauthorized access.
Types of Encryption
a. Symmetric Encryption: Uses the same key for encryption and decryption.
b. Asymmetric Encryption: Uses a pair of keys: one for encryption and another for
decryption.
Example
Plaintext: HELLO
Shift: 3
Ciphertext: KHOOR
Note
Caesar Cipher is a simple encryption method and not recommended for sensitive data. For
secure encryption, use established algorithms like AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) with
appropriate key management.
Activity 2: Students come together in session groups that focus on concept of data security.
Within each group, every student contributes thoughts and ideas on concept of data security
and importance of security. Students are encouraged to discuss and collaborate; each group
will choose a representative to present the summary of their discussion in their various
group.
Activity 3: Students present their views on data encryption as teacher guide to drive their
point home.
Activity 4: Students participate in class discussion as teacher allows them to ask question in
their area of difficulty and evaluates.
ASSESSMENT:
1. Explain the concept of data security
2. State the importance of security
3. Encrypt data using the appropriate method
WRAP-UP (CONCLUSION):
Data security refers to the practices and techniques used to protect digital data from
unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.
CONTENT
GRAPHIC PACKAGES
FEATURES OF CORELDRAW
CorelDRAW is a powerful vector graphics software used for graphic design, illustration, and
photo editing. Here are some of its key features:
1. Vector Illustration: CorelDRAW excels in creating vector art, where images are
constructed using paths defined by mathematical formulas, which allows them to be
resized without loss of quality.
2. Advanced Text Handling: It provides tools for creating and manipulating text,
offering fine control over typography, including multi-language support, text on a path,
and text effects.
3. Drawing Tools: Offers a wide variety of drawing tools such as the Pen Tool, Bezier
Tool, and Curve Tools, which help you create complex shapes and designs.
4. Color Management: CorelDRAW includes powerful color management tools that
ensure accurate color output on both screen and printed materials.
5. Layer Management: You can use layers to organize and manipulate different parts of
your design individually, making it easier to edit without affecting other elements.
6. PowerTRACE: This feature allows you to convert bitmap images into vector graphics,
a useful tool for converting logos or raster images to vector formats.
7. Node Editing: Precision editing with nodes, letting you adjust curves and lines to
perfect your design.
8. Shape Tools: CorelDRAW includes a wide variety of shape tools to create rectangles,
ellipses, polygons, stars, spirals, and more.
9. Interactive Tools: The software offers interactive tools such as the Interactive Fill,
Interactive Transparency, and others, enabling users to easily apply effects like
gradients and transparencies.
10. Export Options: CorelDRAW supports numerous file formats for exporting artwork,
such as JPG, PNG, TIFF, PDF, EPS, SVG, AI, and more.
11. Effects and Filters: It includes various effects like shadow, bevel, transparency, and
more, which can be applied to objects or text.
12. Multi-Page Layout: You can work with multiple pages in a single document, which is
useful for creating multi-page brochures, flyers, and other materials.
13. Compatibility with Other Software: CorelDRAW works well with other software like
Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop, allowing for easy import and export of files.
14. Customization and Automation: Offers customizable toolbars, keyboard shortcuts,
and even macro scripts to automate repetitive tasks.
USING CORELDRAW TOOLS
1. Pick Tool: This is the most commonly used tool for selecting and moving objects. To
use it:
o Click the Pick Tool (the arrow icon) from the toolbar.
o Click on an object to select it.
o Drag to move it or resize it using the handles.
2. Shape Tools: These are used for drawing basic shapes.
o Click on the Shape Tool (e.g., Rectangle, Ellipse, Polygon) in the toolbar.
o Click and drag on the canvas to create the shape.
o Use the nodes to modify the shape’s size and appearance.
3. Pen Tool: This tool is used to create custom vector paths.
o Select the Pen Tool from the toolbar.
o Click on the canvas to create anchor points, creating straight lines.
o Click and drag to create curves between points.
4. Bezier Tool: This is an advanced drawing tool for creating paths with curves and
straight segments.
o Click on the Bezier Tool from the toolbar.
o Click to create anchor points and click-drag to create curves.
5. Text Tool: This tool is used to add text to your design.
o Select the Text Tool (the "A" icon) from the toolbar.
o Click on the canvas and type the text.
o You can modify the font, size, and style using the Text Properties bar at the top.
6. Eyedropper Tool: Used for sampling colors from objects or images.
o Select the Eyedropper Tool from the toolbar.
o Click on the object or color you want to sample, and the color will be copied to
your color palette.
7. Fill Tool: Use the Fill Tool to apply color or gradients to an object.
o Select an object.
o Choose the Fill Tool (paint bucket icon) and click on the object to apply the
color or gradient.
8. Interactive Transparency Tool: This tool allows you to add transparency effects to
objects.
o Select the object.
o Click on the Interactive Transparency Tool (gradual fade icon).
o Drag to apply the transparency effect.
9. Align and Distribute: Use these tools to align or space objects evenly.
o Select multiple objects.
o Go to the "Arrange" menu and choose "Align and Distribute" options.
10. Effects (Drop Shadow, Bevel, etc.): These tools are used to add various visual effects
to objects.
o Select an object.
o Go to the "Effects" menu and choose from options like Drop Shadow, Bevel, or
Contour.
11. Clone Tool: Allows you to create duplicates of an object while maintaining a link
between the original and cloned objects.
o Select an object.
o Go to "Edit" and choose "Clone," or use the Clone Tool icon in the toolbar.
Activity 1:
a) Teacher writes the learning objectives on the board and shares with the students
b) Teacher revises last lesson and links it with today’s lesson
c) Students explain some stated key vocabulary word
Activity 2: Students are taken to the computer lab to identify CorelDraw features and practice
how to apply CorelDraw tools following the teacher’s demonstration.
Activity 3: Students are given access to the internet to make research on each tool in
CorelDraw and what they are used for.
Activity 4: Students participate in class discussion as teacher allows them to ask question in
their area of difficulty and evaluates.
ASSESSMENT:
1. Identify the features of Corel draw
2. Use Corel draw Tools
WRAP-UP (CONCLUSION):
Features of CorelDraw include vector illustration, advanced text handling, drawing tools,
colour management, layer management, node editing, shape tools, interactive tools, export
options, effect and filters, etc.