Master of Computer
Applications
MCA
II SEMESTER
202 – Probability, Statistics &
Queuing Theory
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
VISAKHAPATNAM - 530 003
All copyrights and privileges reserved by the School of
Distance Education. No part of the publication may be
reproduced in any form without the prior permission of the
copyright owner. Information relating to various courses may
be obtained from the office of the School of Distance
Education, Andhra university, Visakhapatnam - 530 003.
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
ANDHRA UNIVERSITY
VISAKHAPATNAM
AUTHORS
Prof. B. Appa Rao
Dept of Commerce & Management Studies
Andhra University
Visakhapatnam.
K. B. D. Sobha Rani
M.B.A, M. Phil, PGDCRS, [Link].
Teacher Associate
Dr. B.R Ambedhkar P.G. Centre
Andhra University Campus
Etcherla.
A. V. Rao
M.B.A,
Teacher Associate
Andhra University Campus
Vizianagaram.
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CONTENTS
Chapter. No Particulars [Link].
01. Probability ................................................................................................................ 01
02. Probability Laws ....................................................................................................... 16
03. Bayes’ Theorem ....................................................................................................... 24
04. Random Variables and Probability Distributions ..................................................... 28
05. Joint Probability and Mass Distribution Function .................................................... 41
06. Mathematical Expectations and Moments ............................................................... 65
07. Discrete Distributions ............................................................................................ 103
08. Binomial Distribution .............................................................................................. 111
09. Poisson Distribution ............................................................................................... 121
10. Negative Binomial Distribution ............................................................................... 128
11. Continuous Distribution ......................................................................................... 145
12. Normal Distribution ................................................................................................ 196
13. Multi Variate Analysis : Correlation ....................................................................... 209
14. Regression Analysis : Least Squares Method ...................................................... 232
15. Relationship between Correlation and Regression coefficients .......................... 247
16. Solved Problems in Correlation and Regression Analysis ................................... 261
17. Sampling and Sampling Distribution ..................................................................... 299
18. Point and Interval Estimates of Averages and Proportion of small samples ....... 313
19. Point and Interval Estimates of Averages and Proportion of Large Samples ..... 322
20. Testing of Hypothesis – Concepts ......................................................................... 330
21. One Sample Tests (Large & Small) ....................................................................... 336
22. Two Sample Tests (Large & Small) ....................................................................... 347
23. Chi - Square Distribution ....................................................................................... 365
iv
[Link] Particulars [Link].
24. Solved Problems in Estimates and Tests of Significance ..................................... 374
25. Queuing Theory ..................................................................................................... 406
26. Queuing Theory Models - I .................................................................................... 426
27. Queuing Theory Models II M/M/C : Beta Model / FIFO ........................................ 440
28. M/M/C : N/FIFO : N - Model Case Studies ............................................................ 464
29. Summary of Probability .......................................................................................... 496
30. Solved Problems in Probability .............................................................................. 510
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SYLLABUS
MCA 202 Probability, Statistics & Queuing Theory
Probability: Definitions of probability, Addition theorem, Conditional probability,
Multiplication theorem, Bayes theorem of probability and Geometric [Link] variables
and their properties: Discrete Random variable, Continuous Random variable, Probability
Distribution joint probability distributions their properties,Transformation variables, Mathematical
expectations, probability generating functions. Probability-Distributions Discrete distributions:
Binomial,Poisson Negative binominal distributions&their properties. (Definition, mean, variance,
moment generating function, Additive properties, fitting of the distribution.) Continuous distributions:
Uniform,Normal, exponential distributions & their [Link] Analysis: Correlation,
correlation coefficient, Rank correlation, Regression Analysis, Multiple Regression, Attributes,
coefficient of Association, c2test for goodness of fit, test for independence. Estimation: Sample,
populations, statistic, parameter, Sampling distribution, standard error, unbiasedness, efficiency,
Maximum .likelihood. estimator, notion&[Link]: Formulation of
Null hypothesis, critic al region, level of significance, power of the test. Small Sample Tests :
Testing equality of .means, testing equality of variances, test of correlation coefficient, test for
Regression Coefficient. Large Sample tests: Tests based on normal distribution
Queuing theory :
Queue description, characteristics of a queuing model, study state solutions of M/M/1:A
Model, M/M/1; N Model, M/M/C: Model, M/M/C:N Model Case Studies.
TextBooks :
Probability &Statistics for Engineers and Scientists, Walpole, Myers, Myers, [Link]
[Link], Statistics &Random Processes [Link] TMGH.
Reference Book :
Probability & Statistics with Reliability,Queuing &ComputerApplications, Kishor [Link],
PHI 1999.
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