Advanced Traffic Management Through ResNet152

Algorithm and comparison with CNN algorithm in

Intelligent transportation Systems.
K. Ganesh1, Dr. A. Selvakumar2
Research Scholar, Project Guide, Corresponding Author,
Department of Computer Science Engineering,
Saveetha School of Engineering,
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences,
Selvakumara.sse@saveetha.com
stands as the pinnacle and anticipating technology for
advancing vehicle detection capabilities, offering a chance
Abstract__ This study endeavours to assess and to scrutinise, freely distributable ,and maintain complete
compare the performance of ResNet152 and transparency in the data it processes. Resnet152 cutting-
traditional CNN algorithms in enhancing the accuracy edge architecture ensures a robust system that is not only
of vehicle detection within transportation systems. To proficient but also exclusive to authorised users within the
start improving the accuracy in order to augment the network. Furthermore, because everyone has direct
precision of a transportation system's vehicle detection exposure to the same view of reality, you can view every
capabilities, ResNet152 and CNN algorithms were element of a purchase from start to end, boosting your
employed with distinct training and testing splits. The confidence and creating new opportunities.[3] ResNet
study involved the evaluation of both algorithms upon integrating resulting in a swift transformation of the
the importation of a dataset. Two groups were vehicle detection landscape.[4]
established, each comprising a total of 20 samples, with
10 in each group. (Parameters: 0.05 and 0.85 power) IEEE Xplore boasts an extensive collection of
Obtainable using python 3.11 (64 bit). Based on the approximately 150 articles, while Science Direct provides
results we have obtained, the Novel ResNet152 access to a more modest count of 45 articles. The
Algorithm outperforms the CNN algorithm in the landscape of vehicle production, distribution, and
domain of vehicle detection emphasises the potential of management within global transportation networks has
Resnet152 in revolutionising vehicle detection, offering undergone a transformation analogous to that of the
the advancements crucial for the efficiency and safety vehicles and vehicle safety. The globalisation of these
of modern transportation networks. processes has heightened the significance of security,
operational efficiency, and the consideration of various
Keywords: Transportation systems, ResNet152, critical factors. In response to the escalating challenges
Convolutional neural network(CNN), vehicle detection, associated with vehicle safety and security, there is a
vehicles, Traffic control system. growing need for advanced technological solutions. Much
like the concerns surrounding different kinds of vehicles
I. INTRODUCTION in the traffic, the automotive industry requires an
impactful track-and-trace option. This solution should not
only align with technological advancements but also
ResNet152 emerges as a powerful tool, analogous to function as a pivotal managerial tool to ensure the secure
blockchain in its capacity to revolutionise the accuracy and efficient operation of vehicles throughout the
and efficiency of operations. ResNet152,with its deep transportation supply chain [5]. With increasing risks and
residual network architecture, is unquantifiable (e.g complexities in the realm of vehicle safety, the ResNet152
goodwill) holdings arise (intellectual property, patents, algorithm emerges as a promising tool for vehicle
copyrights, branding).Designed to capture intricate detection. A comparative analysis with conventional
features within images, making it highly adept at Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) becomes
discerning and classifying vehicles in complex and imperative to assess the ResNet152 algorithm's
dynamic environments[1][2]. The ResNet152 algorithm performance in enhancing vehicle detection
capabilities.Similar to the emphasis placed on hygiene and parameters: =0.05 and power=0.85) A minimum 8GB
contamination risks in the food industry, the automotive RAM is required, and the operating system must be at
sector demands a comprehensive exploration of articles least Windows 10. We used datasets from Kaggle to
and research papers. These publications should delve into compare both algorithms.
the application, advantages, and performance comparisons
of the ResNet152 algorithm, providing insights that A. Resnet152 Algorithm
contribute to the development of robust solutions for
effective and secure vehicle detection in contemporary A deep learning architecture known for its exceptional
transportation systems. The ResNet152 algorithm is at the performance in image identification applications is the
forefront of revolutionising asset tracking within modern ResNet152 method, which was put forth by Kaiming He et
transportation systems, introducing heightened efficiency al. ResNet152 presents a residual learning framework,
and transparency [6]. Navigating the intricacies of which, in contrast to conventional convolutional neural
contemporary automotive supply chains proves networks (CNNs), allows training very deep networks
challenging due to geopolitical factors, making it difficult without encountering the vanishing gradient problem. This
to verify critical points such as vehicle origin, production technique demonstrates its versatility in a range of
phases, adherence to quality standards, and performance computer vision applications, with particular success in
monitoring. The widespread adoption of Internet of picture classification, detection, and segmentation tasks.
Everything (IoT) technologies significantly impacts the ResNet152 can capture complex information in images
automotive value chain, similar to its influence on thanks to depth and skip connections, which makes it a
consumer electronics [3]. This surge in technological good fit for challenging visual identification tasks. The
integration has sparked considerable interest in the datasets' prediction accuracy is then improved by adding
development and research aimed at establishing together the returns.
trustworthy, transparent, and comprehensive certification
bodies for the automotive industry. Pseudocode:

Many years of research are dedicated to refining the Step 1: Bring the necessary packages: seaborns, skLearn,
accuracy of ResNet152 vehicle detection systems. While matplot Lib, numpy, and pandas.
distributed ledgers can't incorporate factual data like real-
time vehicle status updates, environmental conditions, and Step 2: Run the file as.....X,.....Y,.....Z. In your terminal
fuel prices, we rely on third-party entities, often termed emulator, include the data-set.
oracles, to transmit this data. In the realm of blockchain
technology applied to vehicle detection, ensuring the Step 3: The data have to be categorized according to the
accuracy and correctness of data at the time of submission exam.
to the ResNet152 is commonly known as the "Oracle
Problem."This paper introduces a robust architecture Step 4: Add the step size and spontaneous size metrics
designed to uphold privacy and security in the
Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) Step 5: The results of the testing data were random forests
infrastructure. Leveraging the capabilities of deep learning using a decision tree.
modules and the ResNet152 algorithm, the proposed
architecture provides dual layers of protection, enhancing Step 6: To ensure that the model fits well, the same
both security and privacy. The solution effectively required parameters are needed.
restricts external queries while granting access to specific
authorised users. Step 7: The precision is measured and further analysis is
carried out.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS

The research being presented is being conducted in the B. Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm
Unit of Electronic and Communication Engineering's deep
learning lab at the Saveetha Institute of Medical and CNN is a deep learning algorithm extensively employed
Technical Sciences in Chennai. For both algorithms, there for image recognition and computer vision tasks. Its
are two groups. Ten samples in each group make up the distinctive feature lies in its capacity to autonomously
total of twenty samples. Feature selection algorithms and learn hierarchical representations from input data. The
random forests are used with radically different test and architecture of CNNs comprises layers equipped with
training splits to improve the accuracy of a proof-of-stake learnable filters, facilitating the extraction of local
structure for regulating the vehicle detection in traffic. For patterns. Through convolutional layers, these networks
two algorithms, two groups exist. (Gpower configuration progressively construct complex features. Pooling layers
further contribute by downsampling spatial dimensions, In Fig. 1: ResNet152 Algorithms are more accurate than
and activation functions, like ReLU, introduce non- CNN Algorithms.
linearity. Fully connected layers consolidate the learned
features for tasks such as classification or regression. With Table 1, Utilising eight distinct sample sizes, we compare
their ability to capture spatial hierarchies, CNNs have the accuracy including both methods using their respective
significantly advanced the field of computer vision. sample sizes. The accuracy including both algorithms is
estimated and recorded for each response rate in their
Pseudocode credit column. The average final precision is quantified
and saved. The final row represents the average precision
Step 1: Bring the necessary matplot, pandas, and numpy of both algorithms. The ResNet152 Algorithm has an
packages. average accuracy of 97.0%, while the CNN Algorithm has
skLearn, seaborns, lib. an average accuracy of 92.0%.
step 2: Run the file as.....X,.....Y,.....Z. In your terminal
emulator, include the data-set. TABLE I. UTILISING EIGHT DISTINCT SAMPLE SIZES, WE COMPARE THE
ACCURACY INCLUDING BOTH METHODS USING THEIR RESPECTIVE SAMPLE
Step 3: The data have to be categorized according to the SIZES. THE ACCURACY INCLUDING BOTH ALGORITHMS IS ESTIMATED AND
exam. RECORDED FOR EACH RESPONSE RATE IN THEIR CREDIT COLUMN. THE
Step 4: Add the step size and spontaneous size metrics AVERAGE FINAL PRECISION IS QUANTIFIED AND SAVED. THE FINAL ROW
Step 5: The results of the testing data were random forests REPRESENTS THE AVERAGE PRECISION OF BOTH ALGORITHMS. THE
RESNET152 ALGORITHM HAS AN AVERAGE ACCURACY OF 97.0%, WHILE
using a decision tree. THE CNN ALGORITHM HAS AN AVERAGE ACCURACY OF 92.0%.
Step 6: To ensure that the model fits well, the same
required parameters are needed.
Step 7: The precision is measured and further analysis is Iterations Accuracy of Accuracy of CNN
carried out. ResNet152 algorithm
algorithm
1 97.00 92.00
C. Statistical Analysis
2 96.80 91.80
3 95.20 90.20
A statistical program, IBM SPSS version 21.0, was used 4 94.00 90.00
to conduct the analysis. The IBM SPSS statistical software 5 93.50 89.50
suite is utilised for data analysis. After datasets are 6 93.00 88.30
normalised, data is converted into arrays. The current 7 92.10 87.80
algorithms were developed in conjunction with the 8 91.80 87.00
9 90.30 86.90
visualisation and analysis of the required number of
10 89.90 86.30
clusters. It was discovered that as the number of iterations
From
increased, the accuracy and error rate of the ResNet152 TABLE II, STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE OBSERVED
algorithm decreased. Both algorithms have improved BETWEEN THE RESNET152 ALGORITHM AND CNN ALGORITHM; THE
accuracy, with a ResNet accuracy of 97% and a RESPECTIVE COLUMNS CONTAIN THE ACCURACY VALUES.
Convolutional neural network(CNN) accuracy of 92%.
The program used to access the random forest and
decision tree techniques is Python 3.11 (64-bit).
Group N Mean std.Deviat std.Err
ion or
III. RESULT
mean
In Fig. 1, Represented is a bar chart plotted with the ResNet1 1 93.46 2.505697 .77277
accuracies of both algorithms for various 52 0 00
sample sizes. Accura
cy CNN 1 88.98 2.03186 .64253
0 00

TABLE III, THE RESULTS OF A RANDOM SAMPLE EXAMINATION ARE

DISPLAYED.

Leven’
s test T-test for equality means with 95%
for confidence interval
equalit
y of
 varian decision trees, an intelligent contract was constructed. The
ces prototype meets all requirements because it can be traced
f s t df Si Me std. lo up
to an outcome [13]
i g. an Err we per
g (2 diff or r V. CONCLUSION
. - ere diff
ta nce ere
ile nce Based on the results, CNN has an accuracy rating of
d) 92.0% in this study, while ResNet152 has a rating of
Acc Eq 13 . 8. 18 .0 8.16 1.05 6.3 10. 97.0%. The results of the analysis show that the
ura ual .9 0 1 00 000 927 84 835 ResNet152 performs 92.0% better than CNN.
cy var 86 0 2 55 45
ian 1 8
Additionally, compared to its prior figure, the accuracy
ces has increased by 5.0%.
ass
um
ed
References
Eq 8. 11 .0 8.16 1.05 6.2 10.
ual 1 .1 00 000 927 82 937 [1] D. Dooley, B. McGinley, C. Hughes, L. Kilmartin, E. Jones, and
var 2 50 32 62 M. Glavin, “A Blind-Zone Detection Method Using a Rear-
ian 8 Mounted Fisheye Camera With Combination of Vehicle
ces Detection Methods,” IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 17,
not no. 1, pp. 264–278, Jan. 2016.
ass [2] J. Han et al., “A Method of Insulator Faults Detection in Aerial
um Images for High-Voltage Transmission Lines Inspection,” NATO
ed Adv. Sci. Inst. Ser. E Appl. Sci., vol. 9, no. 10, p. 2009, May 2019.
[3] M. H. Ashraf, F. Jabeen, H. Alghamdi, M. S. Zia, and M. S.
Almutairi, “HVD-Net: A Hybrid Vehicle Detection Network for
Vision-Based Vehicle Tracking and Speed Estimation,” Journal
of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences,
IV. DISCUSSION vol. 35, no. 8, p. 101657, Sep. 2023.
[4] B. Noh, T. Lin, S. Lee, and T. Jeong, “Deep Learning and
Geometry Flow Vector Using Estimating Vehicle Cuboid
Technology in a Monovision Environment,” Sensors , vol. 23, no.
According to the study, the Novel ResNet152 Algorithm 17, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.3390/s23177504.
outperforms the CNN Algorithm. The Novel ResNet152 [5] L. Wang et al., “A lightweight CNN for multi-source infrared
ship detection from unmanned marine vehicles,” Heliyon, vol. 10,
Algorithm is 97.0% accurate, while the CNN Algorithm is no. 4, p. e26229, Feb. 2024.
93.0% accurate. There are additional security flaws and [6] Y. Koga, H. Miyazaki, and R. Shibasaki, “A CNN-Based Method
threats, such as 51 percent of attacks and double-spending of Vehicle Detection from Aerial Images Using Hard Example
attacks. G Power (parameters: = 0.08) ;(two-tailed, Mining,” Remote Sensing, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 124, Jan. 2018.
[7] M. Bertozzi, A. Broggi, and S. Castelluccio, “A real-time
p>0.05). oriented system for vehicle detection,” Int. J. High Perform. Syst.
Archit., vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 317–325, Mar. 1997.
The author put forth a strategy for an 88.20% precision [8] W. Wu, Z. QiSen, and W. Mingjun, “A method of vehicle
decision tree for a management system based on vehicle classification using models and neural networks,” in IEEE VTS
53rd Vehicular Technology Conference, Spring 2001.
monitoring [7]. The author postulated that the suggested Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37202), IEEE, 2001, pp. 3022–3026
strategy would yield a CNN accuracy of 70.30%[6]. The vol.4.
supply chain is identified by the author with a 75.02% [9] B. Tamersoy, Vehicle Detection and Tracking in Highway
accuracy rate[8]. According to the author, the ResNet152 Surveillance Videos. University of Texas, 2009.
[10] C. Lin, G. Sun, D. Wu, and C. Xie, “Vehicle Detection and
produced with the suggested method has an accuracy of Tracking with Roadside LiDAR Using Improved ResNet18 and
897.76 percent [9]. The author has an accuracy rate of the Hungarian Algorithm,” Sensors , vol. 23, no. 19, Sep. 2023,
80.78% on CNN [10]. With the highest accuracy of 94.0 doi: 10.3390/s23198143.
percent, the author's ResNet152 has been proposed.
[11]Nonetheless, approximations of these functions can be
specified with different levels of significance, ranging
from less to more.

Compared to other methods, which are particularly

susceptible to overfitting, ResNet152 reduces the
likelihood of inaccurate predictions. ResNet152 were the
most accurate when detecting vehicles and classifying,
with a 97% precision rate.
[12]. During classification testing, the ResNet152
classifier generated the most promising results. Using