PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer

PHE 105

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCCER
UNIT 1 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOCCER

CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
2.1 How to Study this Unit
2.2 Word Study
3.0 Main Content
3.1 The History and Development of Soccer
4.0 Summary
5.0 Tutor-Marked Assignment
6.0 References

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Soccer is a ball game. It is also a team game like volleyball, basketball, field hockey,
handball etc. It is the world's most popular sport played by eleven players a side,
including the goalkeeper.
The objective of the game is to score as many goals as possible against the opponent. The
team with the highest number of goals is the winner. The origin of the game is confusing
but organized soccer originated from England in the 19th century.
We shall trace the history of soccer from the far East to the present time.

2.0 OBJECTIVES
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
1. narrate the history of soccer in the world from the 19th century to the present
time;
2. state the country that played the first organized International match with the
Japanese?
3. complete this sentence; FIFA is responsible for what?

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer

2.1 HOW TO STUDY THIS UNIT

1. Read through this unit twice carefully and note the important points.
2. Note the different stages of the development
3. Make short note on each the section
4. Do the activities and assignment before checking for the answers at the end of
the book.
NOTE: ALL ANSWERS TO ACTIVITIES AND ASSIGNMENTS ARE AT
THE END OF THIS BOOK.

2.2 WORD STUDY

FIFA Federation International De Football Association
CAP Confederation of African football
WAFU West African Football Union

FIG. 2.1.1 Soccer Field of Play

3.0 MAIN CONTENT

3.1 THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOCCER

Soccer is another name for football. According to history, the origin of soccer is confusing
but we know that it began in the late 19th century when, the English public schools played
soccer with different rules and system of signals.

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer
Eventually, they formulated a unified rule. Speculating about the origin of soccer will be a
matter of debate for a long time since Kicking a ball is a simple human activity Claims
therefore could be made for the origin by any country. For instance, during the reign of
Emperor Cheng Ti (32B.C) the Chinese played a game in which a leather ball (allegedly filled
with female hair) was kicked, while the "soule" was played in France and Italy.
Consequently, any of these countries could make claims that soccer originated from them. Also
records indicate that in 1004BC, in Japanese played a game similar to soccer in a tiny field.
History also showed that, the ancient china for example played the first organize international
match with the Japanese.
Professionalism in soccer started in Scotland in the 1880s but became legalized in 1885 On the
21st of May, 1904 Belgium, France, Sweden, Spain, Denmark Switzerland and the
Netherlands formed the Federation International De Football Association (FIFA) in Paris after
the 2nd world war the headquarter is located Zurich in Zurich, Switzerland and it is responsible
for the affairs of soccer in the whole world. FIFA organizes World Cup soccer competitions
in the various categories such as under 17, under 20, and the senior World Cup. It later gave
rise to involving female soccer today where they also have the three categories stated above.
The first world Cup Championship came up in 1930 in Uruguay, South America and only 13
countries could participate. This gave room to the birth of clubs in various countries to
improve in the game of soccer, after the Second World War while in 1956, the Confederation
of African Football was formed
When we are referring to football with laid down rules, it is obvious that soccer originated in
England; more so when we consider that English Football Association was founded in 1863.

ACTIVITY I
1. Where did organized soccer originate from?
2. Where and when did professionalism start in soccer?
3. List the 7 countries that formed FIFA in 1904

4.0 SUMMARY
This is a unit of the History of Soccer. You have been given an account of how the game
started and its development. In subsequent lesson, we will learn about the history of
soccer in Nigeria.

5.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT

1. Where did the game of soccer originate?
2. How did it spread?

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer

6.0 REFERENCES
Balogun Akinwale (2012). Bounty Upper Basic Physical and Health Education for the
Junior Secondary School. (Based on the UBE syllabus) I. Bounty Press Ltd:
Ibadan.

Greg Mc Nall (2013). History and Development of Soccer. www.google.com.ng

Ladan, B.A. (2008). History and Development of Physical Education and Sports in
Nigeria. Faith printers International Congo: Zaria.

Odegbami S. (1990). Nigerian Football. 1960 -1990. Nigeria World Sports Limited.

International Football Association Board (1998). Laws of The Game. Universal Guide for
References. Zurich: Federation International de Football Association.

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer

UNIT 2 HISTORY OF SOCCER IN NIGERIA

CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
2.1 How to Study this Unit
2.2 Word Study
3.0 Main Content
3.1 History of Soccer in Nigeria
4.0 Summary
5.0 Tutor-Marked Assignment
6.0 References

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Soccer is a ball game. It is a very popular team sports.
We shall in this unit trace how the game originated in Nigeria and its stages of development.

2.0 OBJECTIVES
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:-
i. State briefly the history of soccer in Nigeria
ii. Enumerate the stages through which football passed.
iii. Mention at least two first Nigerian to become graded referees.

2.1 HOW TO STUDY THIS UNIT

1. Read through this unit twice carefully and note the important points.
2. Note the different stages of the development
3. Make short note on each the section
4. Do the activities and assignment before checking for the answers at the end of
the book
NOTE: ALL ANSWERS TO ACTIVITIES AND ASSIGNMENTS ARE AT
THE END OF THIS BOOK

2.2 WORD STUDY

NFA Nigeria Football Association
LAFA Lagos Armature Football Association

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer
3.0 MAIN CONTENT

3.1 HISTORY OF SOCCER IN NIGERIA

The (British Sailor and Merchants) colonial expatriates brought soccer into Nigeria. The
crew of British ships often played football at the port cities of Lagos and Calabar, when they
were ashore. The local inhabitants watch them play and learnt the game. In fact, Calabar was
called the cradle of football in Nigeria because the game became very popular there.
Subsequently, the game was introduced to Nigeria schools and colleges by the English
teachers. Today, it is no doubt that, it is the most popular sport in the world. Football
association (LAFA) and Lagos Amateur Nigeria Football Association were both formed in
1934, there were few clubs playing each other on, league and knock-out basis. This was when
organized soccer look off in Nigeria.

In 1945, the competition for the governor’s football cup, now called the challenge cup began.
In 1945, the Governor’s cup competition was organized along same line as English football
association cup competition. The Nigeria football association (NFA) was also establish in the
same year to organize and look after the activities of football in Nigeria. The NFA also
organize matches between Nigeria team and take matters or represent Nigeria at the higher
live of soccer. In 1945, the Nigeria Football Association was formed and Nigeria started the
training and grading of football referees Dr. Nnamdi Azikwe, Mr B.J Oni, Bombadier
Daudu and L, Pabs - Garnon were the first Nigerians to become graded referees The first
football clubs in Nigeria include amongst others the Marine, Railways, Harbour Police and
Africa’s football clubs. In 1959, Nigeria joined the Confederation of African Football (CAF)
and also became a member of Federation International De Football Association (FIFA).

A considerable improvement has been made since 1934 that organized soccer took off in
Nigeria. The nation has taken parts in many international football competitions like the:
- The FIFA world cup
- Junior world cup (U-20)
- Under 17 world Cup (U-17)
- African cup of unity (also known as the Africa cup of Nation)
- African cup- winners cup (now known as the Nelson Mandela cup)
- African cup of champion clubs
- The west African football union (WAFU) (now known as the Sekou Toure Cup)
- All-African Games
- Olympic soccer tournament.

Do you remember that the maiden edition of the FIFA/Coca-Cola junior' world cup under 1 7
championship held in China in 1985 was won by Nigeria? We almost repeated the same feat
in 1987 in Chile and Saudi Arabia in 1989.

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer
Nigeria introduced professionalism into the soccer scene in 1990 Right now there are many
soccer competitions being played locally such as the professional league, amateur and state
football Association leagues, national female league and the prestigious challenge cup.
Today, considerable success has been recorded in the game of soccer in Nigeria; for
example, Nigeria has taken part and won first position in many regional and international
competitions such as:
 African Cup of Nation (1980, 1994)
 All African Games (1973)
 African youth Championship (1985, 1993)
 Under 16 world Championship 1985, 1993)
 Atlanta Olympic soccer event (1996)

ACTIVITY II
1. List two of the early football club in Nigeria?
2. Where was soccer presumed to have started in Nigeria?
3. Name at least 4 regional and international soccer competitions Nigeria has competed
and won?

4.0 SUMMARY
This is a unit of History of soccer in Nigeria. You have been given an account of how the
game started in Nigeria and its Development. In subsequent lessons, you will learn about the
Nature of soccer.

5.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT

1. When did organized soccer took off in Nigeria?
2. What state in Nigeria popularized soccer?
3. Mention 4 International Football Association that Nigeria took part in?

6.0 REFERENCES
International Football Association Board (1998). Laws of The Game. Universal Guide for
References Zurich: Federation International de Football Association.
Odegbami S. (1990). Nigerian Football 1960 -1990. Nigeria World Sports Limited.
Tanko, S. D, Fadoju A. O, Abayomi, B. O, Komolafe (2009) Physical and Health
Education for Junior Secondary Schools. Evans brothers (Nigeria Publishers) Ltd.

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer
UNIT 3 THE NATURE OF THE SOCCER GAME

CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
2.1 How to Study this Unit
3.0 Main Content
3.1 The Nature of Soccer Game
4.0 Summary
5.0 Tutor-Marked Assignment
6.0 References

1.0 INTRODUCTION
In unit two of this module, you learnt about the history of soccer in Nigeria. You will
now, proceed to learn about the Nature of soccer game.

2.0 OBJECTIVES
At the end of tins unit, you should be able to:
1. enumerate in detail, the nature of soccer game;
2. state which team is the winner in soccer game;
3. mention who is a defender in a soccer game; and
4. enumerate how players create good scoring opportunities.

2.1 HOW TO STUDY THIS UNIT

1. Read through this unit twice carefully and note the important points.
2. Note the different stages of the development
3. Make short note on each the section
4. Do the activities and assignment before checking for the answers at the end of
the book
NOTE: ALL ANSWERS TO ACTIVITIES AND ASSIGNMENTS ARE AT
THE END OF THIS BOOK.

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer
3.0 MAIN CONTENT

3.1 THE NATURE OF SOCCER GAME

Soccer game is a game of continuous action played by eleven players in a team
including the goal keeper using a football in accordance with the rules called Laws of
soccer game. It is the only game played predominantly with the use of legs while other
parts of the body such as head, chest and thigh are skillfully used. In soccer game,
during game situation, it is important to combine all the techniques in heading,
passing, dribbling and tackling, kicking and shooting.
There are two teams of eleven players each that compete. The aim of the competition is
to score as many goals as possible by getting the ball into the other team’s goal post,
inside the bar. At the end of the match, the team that scored the highest goal is the
winner but if the two teams scored equal goals, it is a draw.
The goal keeper handles the ball with his hand, while other players can only use their
hand during the throw in but can use any part of their body to move the ball in attempt
to create goal scoring opportunities through the control of the ball.
The balls are controlled with dribbling, passing, taking shot at the goal guided by the
goal keeper.
Physical contact with opponent is not allowed although the opposing players regain
control of the ball by intercepting a pass or through tackling the opponent in
possession of the ball.
The soccer game is generally a free - flowing game and can only stop at the command
of the referee or when the ball has left the field of play. The play commences after a
stoppage with a specified restart.
There are three categories of players with different roles namely
i. Defenders – Specialize in preventing opponents from scoring
ii. Midfielders – Their roles are to dispose the opponent and keep possession of the
ball to pass it to the forwards called the outfield players. The ten outfield players
are arranged in any combination. This group of players discern the ball from the
goalkeeper.
iii. Strikers – Another name for strikers are forwards. The major duty of the strikers
is to score goals.

The grouping of the players according to the area of the field in which the player plays
often or where the player spends most time are as follows;
a. Central defenders
b. Left midfielders
c. Right midfielders
In each position, the number of players determines the style of the team’s play, for e .g.
More forward and fewer defenders create a more aggressive and offensive – minded
game while the reverse creates a slower, more defensive style of play. Although,
players spend most of the game in a specific position, there are few restrictions on
player’s movement, and they can switch position at any time.

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer
The layout of a team’s players is called formation and it is the team manager that
defines the team’s formation and tactics. The laws of the game specified the goal
keeper positions only and none for player’s position. Scoring a goal at professional
matches is not always easy. This is why most matches produce only a few goals e.g. in
2005 to 2006 season of the English Premier League, an average of 2.48 goals were
scored per match.

ACTIVITY IV
1. Describe how a game is won in soccer game.
2. What is the use of dribbling in a typical game play?
3. What are the roles of defenders in soccer?
4. Discuss the roles of a goalkeeper in soccer.

4.0 SUMMARY

This unit discussed the nature of soccer game. This unit discussed that football is
played in accordance with a set of rules known as laws of the game. The game is
played using a single ball known as football.

5.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT

1. Discuss the qualities expected of defensive, midfield and attacking players in
soccer.

6.0 REFERENCES

Balogun (2012). Bounty Upper Basic Physical and Health Education for Junior
Secondary Schools. BOUNTY Press Limited.

Sharin Griffin (2011) Nigeria Football History Google.

Ladani, B. A. (2008): History and Development of Physical Education and Sports in

Nigeria. Faith printers International Congo: Zaria.

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer

UNIT 4 FACILITIES, EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES IN SOCCER

CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
2.1 How to Study this Unit
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Facilities in Soccer
3.2 Equipment in Soccer
4.0 Summary
5.0 Tutor-Marked Assignment
6.0 References

1.0 INTRODUCTION

In unit 3, the nature of soccer game. You will now proceed to discuss the various
facilities, equipment and supplies used in playing soccer.

This unit will expose you to the facilities, equipment and supply in soccer.

2.0 OBJECTIVES
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
1. State the facilities, equipment and supply in football.
2. Draw a standard soccer pitch.
3. Construct a football court.

2.1 HOW TO STUDY THIS MODULE

1. Read through this unit twice carefully and note the important points.
2. Do the activities and assignment before checking for the answers at the end of
the book.

NOTE: ALL ANSWERS TO ACTIVITIES AND ASSIGNMENT ARE AT THE

END OF THIS BOOK.

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer
3.0 MAIN CONTENT

3.1 FACILITIES IN SOCCER

The main soccer facility is the field of play (soccer field). The soccer field has important
areas which are clearly marked and each has its specific purposes. The soccer field of
play is rectangular in shape, with the length of the touch line greater than the length of the
goal line.
The field of play has a minimum length of 90 meters and a maximum length of 120
meters. The minimum width is 45 metres and the maximum width is 90 metres. However, for
international matches a minimum length of 100 metres and maximum length of 110 metres is
required. It also has a minimum width of 64 metres and maximum width of 75 metres for
international matches.

A Soccer Pitch

Fig 2.4.1

Fig 2.4.2

The field of play is marked with lines. These lines belong to the areas called boundaries. The
two longer boundary lines are called touch lines, while the two shorter lines are called goal
lines. All lines should not be more than 12cm. The soccer field is also divided into two halves
by a half way.

The Field of Play

Line with the centre mark shown at the midpoint of the halfway line. A circle with a radius
of 9.15 metres is always marked around the midpoint.

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer
The Goal Area
The goal area is situated at each end of the field. Two lines drawn at right angles to the goal
line, 5.5 metres from the inside of each goal post. These lines extend into the field of play
for a distance of 5.5 metres and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line. The
area bounded by these lines and the goal line is the goal area.

The Penalty Area

The penalty area is situated at each end of the field. Two lines are drawn at right angles to
the goal line, 16.5 metres from the inside of each goal post. These lines extend into the
field of play for a distance of 16.5 metres and are joined by a line drawn parallel with the
goal line. The area bounded by these lines and the goal line is the penalty area.

The Flag Posts

A flag posts, not less than 1.5 metres high, with a non-pointed top and a flag is placed at
each corner flag posts may also be placed at each end of the half way line, not less than 1
meter outside the touch line

The Corner Area

A quarter circles with a radius of 1 metre from each corner flag post is drawn inside the
field of play. It is from this area that corner kicks are taken.

Fig. 2.4.3: The corner kick area

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer
3.2 EQUIPMENT IN SOCCER
The basic equipment or kit, players are required to wear includes a shirt, shorts, socks, foot
wear and shin guards. Players are forbidden to wear or use anything that is dangerous to
themselves or another player, such as jewelries or watches. The goal keeper must wear
clothing that is easily distinguishable from that worn by the other players and match
officials.
The Ball and Net
Goal posts must be placed on the centre of each goal line. They consist of two upright posts
midpoint from the corner flag posts and joined at the top by a horizontal crossbar. The
distance between the goal posts is 7.32 metres and the distance from the lower edge of the
cross bar to the ground is 2.44 metres.
Both goal posts and the cross bar shall have the same width and depth which is not more than
12 metres. The goal lines are the same width as that of the goal post and the crossbar. Nets
may be attached to the goals and the ground behind the goal, provided that they are properly
supported and do not disturb the goal keeper. Remember the goal posts and crossbars must
be white.
The Ball
The ball must be spherical, made of leather or other suitable material. The ball shall have a
circumference of not more than 70 cm and not less than 68 cm. Similarly, the weight of the
ball shall not be more than 450g and net less than 410g at the start of a match.

Fig. 2.4.4 The Ball

Fig. 2.4.5 The Net

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer
Supplies (Outfit for Players)
A player must not wear anything which is dangerous to himself or another player
(including any kind of jewelry). The basic compulsory wears of a player are:
1. jersey or shirt
2. shorts
3. stockings
4. shin guards
5. footwear
Shin guards should be made of suitable materials (rubber, plastic or similar substances), and
should provide a reasonable degree of protection. Remember to always cover your shin
guards entirely with your stockings.

Fig. 2.4. 6 The Boot (footwear)

Fig. 2.4. 7 The Jersey

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer
ACTIVITY III
1. State at least two soccer supplies.

4.0 SUMMARY
This unit has covered for you, the names of the different types of facilities, equipment
and supplies in soccer game. As a coach, you now know what you need to provide for in
soccer game. Similarly, you have learnt about the facilities, equipment and supplies.

5.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT

Visit any standard soccer facility around you when a game is in progress. Enumerate the
facilities, equipment, and supplies that you can see and those that cannot be found.

6.0 REFERENCES
Odegbami S. (1990). Nigerian Football 1960 -1990. Nigeria World Sports Limited.

International Football Association Board (1998). Laws of The Game. Universal Guide for
References. Zurich: Federation International de Football Association.

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer
UNIT 5 BASIC SOCCER SKILLS - KICKING AND PASSING

CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
2.1 How to Study this Unit
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Kicking
3.2 Passing
4.0 Summary
5.0 References

1.0 INTRODUCTION
In unit of this module we considered the player’s outfit used for the game. You have to
know and master the basic skills of kicking and passing.
In this unit, you will get to know the basic skills kicking and passing in the game of
soccer.

2.0 OBJECTIVES
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
1. identify the kicking and passing skills;
2. execute the different skills on your own;
3. teach these skills to beginners in soccer.

2.1 HOW TO STUDY THIS UNIT

1. Read this unit over step by step for complete understanding of the skills,
2. Go back again to each skill and practice each one. following the description
given. You will need a ball to do this.
3. Continue this practice until you fully understand and can execute these skills
easily.
NOTE: ALL ANSWERS TO ACTIVITIES AND ASSIGNMENTS ARE AT
THE END OF THIS BOOK

There are many skills that are needed for a person to play soccer well. We are however
going to consider kicking and passing skills in this unit.

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer
3.0 MAIN CONTENT

3.1 KICKING
This is one of the basic skills in soccer. The game of soccer basically, involves kicking
and running after the ball in the process of which you might have to pass, trap, dribble or
heal the ball. However, in soccer, kicking involves skills in ending the ball to a specific
direction and at a given speed. The ball can be kicked with different surfaces of the foot.
These are heel inside, outside and instep of the foot.

1. Kicking with The Inside of The Foot

The coaching points are as follow:
I. the ball is either approached on a straight line or from the side.
II. the free foot is placed close to the ball while the kicking foot kicks the ball
with the inside of the toot as shown in Fig. 2.2.1 below.
III. the eyes are fixed either at the player to whom the ball is kicked or at the ball.

Fig. 2.5.1 Kicking with inside of the foot

2. Kicking with Outside of The Foot Also Called Side Step

To perform this kick,
The following coaching points can be followed:
1. Place the supporting foot a little behind and to the side of the ball.
2. Turn the kicking leg is inward so that the outside of the instep faces the ball.
3. The ball is then kicked with the outside of the foot as shown in Fig. 5.2.2.
4. Follow through by stepping forward with the kicking foot

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer

Fig. 2.5.2. Kicking with the outside of foot

3. The Instep Kick, Also Called Low kick

The coaching points are -
i. The ball is approached.
ii. The non-kicking foot is placed some few centimeters
beside the ball. The kicking leg is extended at the hip
and later at the knee.
iii. The ball is contacted with the instep (that is, inverted
upper part of the foot) body over the ball.

Fig. 2.5,3: Instep Kick

4. Heel Kick
This is kicking with the heel and it is usually employed by players. The coaching points
are
i. To back-pass the ball to a team mate without allowing the opponent to know.
ii. The ball is kicked with the back of the foot.

3.2 PASSING
Soccer is a team game and players must master the art of passing the ball
i. to a team mate who may be in a position to score or
ii. advance the ball into scoring position.

Types of Passing

a. Direct Pass
In this type of passing, the ball is

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer
i. sent straight to a player who is unmarked
ii. The ball is sent as fast as possible and direct to the receiver.
b. Through Pass
In this type of pass, the ball is
i. Made to pass through an opening created by opponents to a space to where the
receiver is expected to move.
ii. The player giving the through pass anticipates the direction of movement of the
receiver and passes the ball in that direction
iii.
c. The Lofted Pass
In this pass, the ball is
i. Kicked over the defenders to the receiver who is in an unmarked position.
ii. The player making the pass must note the height, direction and distance.
d. Push Pass
Sometimes referred to as direct pass, this is probably one of the most - used passes in
soccer. It tends to be a safe pass and is typically executed when you’re near teammates.
The best technique for the push pass is to first plant your none kicking foot alongside the
ball and point it in the direction you want the ball to go. When you contact the ball, use
the inside of your kicking foot. You want to hit the middle of the ball with your kicking
heel down and the toe pointing up.
e. Long Pass
The long pass is used to clear the ball to the opposite side of the field to a teammate who
is open and has no defenders around him. This changes the area of play and gives your
team the opportunity to begin a counter attack Executing a long pass involves
i. Hitting the ball with accuracy and power.
A good technique to use is to lock the ankle of your kicking foot, hit the middle of the
ball with the laces of your cleats and follow through towards your teammate with
your kicking leg.
f. Backward Pass
This is a defensive pass and is used when defending. Players have closed off all forward
passing possibilities. It is also used when defenders put pressure on the offensive ball
carrier, hoping to steal the ball or cause a passing error. The backward pass is a way to
neutralize the pressure and still maintain control of the ball. The ball is passed backward
with the heel or sole of your foot to another teammate.
g. Piercing Pass
The piercing pass is also referred to as a tunnel pass or a through pass. The opportunity
to use a piercing pass does not happen often when playing against a good defender
because the defenders typically position themselves to avoid an open space, or tunnel

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer
from the ball carrier to the attacking teammate. This pass requires good timing between
teammates because the receiving teammate must not be in an offside position when the
ball is passed. This is where the receiving player is closer to the goal than the left
defender. When the opportunity arises, the attacker quickly passes the ball penetrating
the defenders. This creates a scoring potential.
h. Wall Pass
This is a combination pass involving two team mates and is sometimes is referred to as a
one-two pass. This type of pass involves a wing player and an inside teammate. The
wing player’s position usually runs along the outside of the field. When the wall pass is
executed properly, the wing player passes the ball from the outside of the field to a
teammate playing a position towards the inner part of the field. This player acts as a wall
and quickly passes the ball in front of the wing player. Wall passes are most effective
against slower defense.

ACTIVITY V
1. Demonstrate the various kicking and passing skills in soccer
2. Explain the coaching points to follow in teaching the various kicking and passing skills
in soccer

4.0 SUMMARY
The unit discusses the kicking and passing basic skill of soccer. The unit stated that among the
many basic skills in soccer, kicking is part of them. The ball can be kicked with different
surfaces of the foot.

5.0 REFERENCES
Odegbami S. (1990). Nigerian Football 1960 -1990. Nigeria World Sports Limited.
International Football Association Board (1998). Laws of The Game. Universal Guide for
References. Zurich: Federation International de Football Association.

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer

UNIT 6 BASIC SKILLS - TACKLING

CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
2.1 How to Study this Unit
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Tackling
3.2 Types of Tackling
4.0 Summary
5.0 Tutor-Marked Assignment
6.0 References

1.0 INTRODUCTION
In the previous unit, we considered the kicking and passing skills used for the game. You
have to know and master the skills of tackling.
In this unit, you will get to understand the characteristics of tackling as a skill in soccer.

2.0 OBJECTIVES
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
1. demonstrate the skill of tackling; and
2. teach the skill to beginners in soccer.

2.1 HOW TO STUDY THIS UNIT

1. Read this unit over step by step for complete understanding of the skills,
2. Go back again to each skill and practice each one. Following the description
given. You will need a ball to do this.
3. Continue this practice until you fully understand and can execute these skills
easily.

NOTE: ALL ANSWERS TO ACTIVITIES AND ASSIGNMENTS ARE AT

THE END OF THIS BOOK.

There are many skills that are needed for a person to play soccer well. We are however
going to consider tackling skill in this unit.

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer
3.0 MAIN CONTENT

3.1 TACKLING
Tackling in soccer refers to a technique of gaining possession of the ball by playing the
man or by playing the ball. Playing the man involves contact with the player possessing the
ball. In this case, the defensive player charges the player with the ball by carefully
contacting him with his shoulder below the opponents shoulder. This contact is designed to
force the opponent to lose control of the ball. The tackling should however, be
legitimately done, otherwise the tackier may be punished for an infringement (pushing)

3.2 TYPES OF TACKLING

Straddle Legged Tackle

The defender takes up a position in front of and a little to the side of the attacking player.
He then makes a quick move towards the hall and quickly jumps towards the attacker with
legs apart and puts the attacking player off his stride.

Fig. 2.7.1 : Straddle legged tackle

Front Block Tackle

In this type of tackle, the defender blocks off the attacker's path with both his body and
legs. The ball is protected be the inside of the playing leg and played away from the
attacker’s leg by keeping up a hard pressure on the ball.

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Fig. 2.7.2 Front block tackle

Charging
The laws of soccer permit a player to charge at another player shoulder to shoulder in
direct "fig hi" for the ball. This puts the player with the ball under great pressure as he
will have to contend with his opponent’s attack. He also tries to keep his balance
which means that he can easily lose control of the ball.

Accelerating Tackle
This takes place when both attacker and defender are facing the ball; the defender can
make a tackle by suddenly jumping forward. Care should be taken so as not to cause
an infringement.
Sliding Tackle
This is the most difficult and most risky form of tackling. This involves the defender
sliding to kick the ball away from the foot of an opponent.

ACTIVITY I
1. Name four (4) types of kicks in soccer.
2. Explain why passing is necessary in Soccer
3. List five (5) types of tackles.

4.0 SUMMARY
In this unit, you have learnt that tackling is another basic soccer skill. Types of tackling
are legged tackle and straddle legged tackle.

5.0 REFERENCES
Odegbami S. (1990). Nigerian Football 1960 -1990. Nigeria World Sports Limited.

International Football Association Board (1998). Laws of The Game. Universal Guide for
References. Zurich: Federation International de Football Association.

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UNIT 7 BASIC SOCCER SKILL-DRIBBLING

CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
2.1 How to Study this Unit
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Basic Skills - Dribbling
4.0 Summary
5.0 Tutor-Marked Assignment
6.0 References

1.0 INTRODUCTION
In unit 6 of this module, you studied the tackling basic soccer skill. Another skill that is
important for the successful play of the game of soccer is that of dribbling.
This unit will expose you to the basic skill of dribbling in the game of soccer.

2.0 OBJECTIVES
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
4. demonstrate the skill of dribbling;
5. mention the coaching points of dribbling; and
6. teach this skill to beginners in soccer.

2.1 HOW TO STUDY THIS UNIT

7. Read this unit over step by step for complete understanding of the skills,
8. Go back again to each skill and practice each one following the description
given. You will need a ball to do this.
9. Continue this practice until you fully understand and can execute this skill easily.
NOTE: ALL ANSWERS TO ACTIVITIES AND ASSIGNMENTS ARE AT
THE END OF THIS BOOK

There are many skills that are needed for a person to play soccer well. We are however
going to consider dribbling skill in this unit.

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3.0 MAIN CONTENT

3.1 BASIC SKILLS - Dribbling

The major goal in dribbling is to
i. Keep the ball in your control and in your possession until it is passed to a
team mate.
ii. Your two feet are expected to be controlling the ball when dribbling.
iii. It is better to pass the ball at once when you get the chance to pass the ball.

Dribbling is:
i. combination of guiding the ball,
ii. drawing the ball,
iii. starting,
iv. stopping,
v. turning on the spot,
vi. taking the ball round obstacles,
vii. changing direction and
viii. making disguises to keep the ball in control.
ix. to keep the ball in your control and in your possession until it can be
passed to a team mate,
x. excessive dribbling can spoil the glamour of soccer.

ACTIVITY
State the use of dribbling in soccer.

4.0 SUMMARY
Dribbling is keeping the ball in your control until you get the chance to pass the ball to
your team mate.

5.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT

Tick the correct answer.

---- can spoil the game of soccer

1. Excessive dribbling

2. Passing the ball at once when you get the chance.

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6.0 REFERENCES
Tanko et al (2009). Physical and Health Education for Junior Secondary Schools. Evans
Brothers (Nigeria Publishers) Ltd: Ibadan.

How to teach basic soccer skills: www.footy4kids.co.uk

Basic Soccer Skills – Dribbling, Passing, and Shooting: www.esoccerdrills.com.youth

Soccer

Basic Soccer Skills – Dribbling, Passing and Shooting: http://www.esoccerdrills.com/youth

soccer/basic skills.htm

Soccer Basic Skills: Adwww.zapmeta.ng/Soccer+Basic+Skills

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UNIT 8 BASIC SOCCER SKILL - HEADING AND THROWING

CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
2.1 How to Study this Unit
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Basic Soccer Skills: Heading and Throwing
4.0 Summary
5.0 Tutor-Marked Assignment
6.0 References

1.0 INTRODUCTION
In unit seven of this module, you studied basic soccer skill – dribbling. This does not
mean that you know the basic soccer skill- heading and throwing. In this unit, you will
study the heading and throwing soccer basic skill.

2.0 OBJECTIVES

At the end of this unit, you should be able to:

1. Identify the skill of heading and throwing.
2. Execute the skill of heading and throwing
3. Teach the skill of heading and throwing to beginners in soccer.

2.1 HOW TO STUDY THIS UNIT

1. Read through this unit carefully once.

2. Do not look at the sample answers until you have completed the exercises
3. Remember to do the assignment and observe all the rules stated here.

NOTE: ALL ANSWERS TO THE ACTIVITIES AND ASSIGNMENTS ARE AT

THE END OF THIS BOOK.

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer
3.0 MAIN CONTENT

3.1 BASIC SOCCER SKILLS: HEADING AND THROWING

In soccer, high balls are usually passed by means of heading in modern soccer, there is
hardly enough time for a player to stop the ball.

It is therefore important for a player to be able to:

i. pass accurately,
ii. defend his goal area, and
iii. score using the head.

The ball is usually headed with the forehead. The angle of contact will determine the
direction the bail w i l l travel.

Fig 2.8.1. Heading in Soccer

Throwing
The skill of throwing the hall is very important in soccer. It is used for
I. putting the ball
II. back in play with the hands when it has gone out of the field of play from the
side lines cither on the ground or in the a i r
III. The throw-in. as it is called, is usually executed from the point where the ball
crossed the line by a player of the team opposite to that of the player who last
touched it.

4.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT

1. State the use of dribbling in soccer.
2. State three (3) conditions under which heading and throwing are used in soccer.
3. Explain the throw-in.

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5.0 SUMMARY
The summary of this unit is that high balls are usually passed by means of heading.

6.0 REFERENCES
Odegbami S. (1990). Nigerian Football 1960 -1990. Nigeria World Sports Limited.

International Football Association Board (1998). Laws of The Game. Universal Guide for
References. Zurich: Federation International de Football Association.

Better Soccer Skills: Adwww.zapmeta.ng/heading a soccer+Basic+skills

Basic Skills of Soccer:Adsearch.blekko.com/YOU TUBE: Youth Soccer Drills &

Skills: Heading a soccer Ball, http://www.youtube.com

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UNIT 9 BASIC SOCCER SKILL -TRAPPING

CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
2.1 How to Study this Unit
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Types of Trapping
3.2 Goal Keeping
4.0 Summary
5.0 Tutor-Marked Assignment
6.0 References

1.0 INTRODUCTION
In unit of this module, we considered the heading skill used for the game. You have to
know and master the skill of trapping.
In this unit, you will study the basic skill-trapping in the game of soccer.

2.0 OBJECTIVES
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
1. describe the skill of trapping;
2. execute the different skill on your own;
3. teach these skill to beginners in soccer.

2.2HOW TO STUDY THIS UNIT

1. Read this unit over step by step for complete understanding of the skills,
2. Go back again to each skill and practice each one following the description
given. You will need a ball to do this.
3. Continue this practice until you fully understand and can execute this skill easily.
NOTE: ALL ANSWERS TO ACTIVITIES AND ASSIGNMENTS ARE AT
THE END OF THIS BOOK.

There are many skills that are needed for a person to play soccer well. We are however
going to consider trapping skill in this unit.

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer

3.0 MAIN CONTENT

3.1 TYPES OF TRAPPING

Trapping with the inside of the foot

The bouncing or rolling ball is trapped with the inside of the foot.

Fig. 2.9.1: Trapping with the inside of foot

Trapping with the outside of foot
The ball coming on the side is trapped with the outside of the foot.

Fig. 2 9.2: Trapping with the out Side of the

Trapping with the sole of the foot

The ball is brought under control with the sole of the foot.
Fig. 2.9.3: Trapping with the sole of foot for a bouncing ball, the ball is allowed to bounce
with the foot meeting it during its rise.

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PHE 105 Fundamentals of Soccer

Fig. 2.9.4: Trapping the bouncing ball with the sole of foot.
Chest Trapping
This is used when a high ball is coming downwards. The chest is used to bring the ball under
control.

Fig. .2.9.5: Chest trapping

Abdominal Trapping
This trap is used when the ball makes a gentle bounce which is higher than the waist but is
lower than the chest of the player. The player has to "give in" at the abdominal region so as
to absorb the impact of the ball.

3.2 GOAL KEEPING

The art of goalkeeping is usually considered as the last line of defense for the team. Because of
the privilege a goalkeeper has in using his hands within the goal area, it is important that
a goal keeper be skillful in the use of the hands and legs. He should always catch high balls
with his hands. It may however be necessary at times for the goalkeeper to kick the ball out
of danger.
The goalkeeper may stand long periods with little or no activity, when the play calls for
action on his part he must take decisions quickly and accurately.

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ACTIVITY IX
1. Explain what the term trapping means in soccer.
2. What is the significance of goal keeping in soccer?

4.0 SUMMARY
• Soccer has many fundamental skills. These include kicking, passing, tackling,
dribbling, heading, trapping, throwing and goalkeeping
• The ball can be kicked with the inside, outside, heel, and instep of the foot.
• Types of passing are:
direct pass through pass lofted pass
• Types of tackling are:
straddle legged tackle front block tackle charging accelerating tackling

5.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMET

1 State the five (5) ways of tackling.
2. Explain what through pass means
3. Explain who takes the throw-in.
4. Get a ball, head it 10 times without allowing it to drop.

6.0 REFERENCES
Ajala, J.A: Amusa, L.O; Sohi, A.S. Onyemakara, A. and Dodo. O (1989) Physical
Education. Ibadan: Macmillan Nigeria Publishers Lid
Bauer. G (1978) Football Brixhtor. G Beard Sons Lid Phil Soar and Martin lyter
(1978) Soccer; The World Game. London: Marshall Cavendish Books Ltd
Bauer, G. (1978) Football. Brighton G. Beard & Sons Ltd

Basic Soccer Skills: http://www.twu/edu

Basic Skill of Soccer: www.bettersoccercoaching.com

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Appendix I
ANSWERSTO PHE105
Unit 1
Organized soccer was originated from England in the 19th century.
Professionalism started in Scotland in the 1880s
The seven (7) countries that formed FIFA is Belgium, France, swendan, Spain, Denmark,
Switzerland and the Netherlands formed the federation international de football
association(FIFA)
Unit 2
The two-early football club in Nigeria are the marine railways labour police and Africans
football clubs.
Soccer was presumed to have started in Nigeria from Lagos and caliber.
Nigeria has taken part and won first position in many regional and international
competition such as;
Africa cup of nations (1980,1994)
ii) Africa games (1973)
iii) African youth’s championship (1985, 1993)
iv) Under 16 world championships (1985, 1993)
v) Atlanta Olympic soccer event (1996)
Unit 3
1) The soccer field of play is rectangular in shape, with the line greater than the goal
line.
2) The three important areas in soccer field is
- the goal area
- the penalty area
- the corner area
3) the longer line boundary is called the touch line,
The shorter line boundary is called the goal line.

Unit 4
1) two soccer equipment are
- the ball
- the net
Unit 5
1) two soccer supplies are
- the football boots
- the jersey

Unit 6
Kicking skills: this is one of the basic skills in soccer which involves kicking and running

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after the ball in the process of which you might have to pass, trap, dribble to send the ball
into scoring position.
Passing skills: this is a process of passing the ball to a teammate who maybe in a position
to scoring position.

Unit 7
i) heel kick
ii) instep kick
iii) kick with outside of the foot.
iv) kick with inside of the foot .
2) passing is necessary in soccer in order to pass to the teammate who maybe in the
best position to scoring.
3) i) legged tackle
ii) front block tackle
iii) accelerating tackle
iv) sliding tackle
v) charging tackle
Unit 8
1) dribbling is used to keep the ball in your control and in your possession until it can
be passed to a teammate.
2) it should be headed with the forehead
The angle of contact will determine the direction of travel
To manage the time used to stop a ball.
3) throw in: this is usually done when the ball crossed the line by a player of a team o
pposite to that of the player who has touched it.

Unit 9
1) trapping is the stopping of high bouncing balls by the use of the foot or body.
2) he acts as the last line of defense for the team.

Assignment
1) i) legged tackle
ii) Front block tackle
iii) Accelerating tackle
iv) Sliding tackle
v) Charging tackle
2) Through pass is when a ball is sent as fast as possible and direct to the receiver.
3) Throwing is taken by a player of the team opposite to that of the player who has t
ouched it last.

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