Ch-17 Civics

Why were Fundamental Rights

included in the Indian Constitution?
A: They were included because they are
essentia I for the development of the
personality and dignity of every
individual.
Q. How many Fundamental Rights
does the Indian Constitution provide?
A: The Constitution provides six
Fundamental Rights.
QWhat are the six Fundamental
Rights in the Indian Constitution?
A:
1. Right to Equality
2. Right to Freedom
3. Right against Exploitation
4. Right to Freedom of Religion
5. Cultural and Educational
Rights
6. Right to Constitutional
Remedies
QWhat was the aim of the
Constitution framers regarding
Fundamental Rights?
A: They wanted to transform the ideals
of the Preamble into reality by granting
Fundamental Rights without
discrimination, especially for the
welfare of the downtrodden.
QWhy were people in India eager for
Fundamental Rights after British rule?
A: Because they had faced a long
period of slavery and exploitation and
aspired to a free and equal life.
QWas there any Fundamental Right
removed from the Constitution?
A: Yes, the Right to Property was
originally a Fundamental Right, but the
44th Amendment of 1978 removed it
from the list.
Right to Equality
QWhat are the provisions under the
Right to Equality?
A:
1. Equality before law
2. Prohibition of discrimination
{based on religion, race, caste, sex,
or place of birth)
3. Equal opportunity in public
employment
4. Abolition of untouchability
5. Abolition of titles
Right to Freedom
QWhat freedoms are given under the
Right to Freedom?
A:
1. Freedom of speech and
.
expression
2. Freedom to assemble
peacefully without arms
3. Freedom to form associations
.
or unions
4. Freedom to move freely
throughout India
 5. Freedom to reside and settle
anywhere in India
6. Freedom to practice any
profession, trade, or business

QWhat are some protections included

under the Right to Freedom?
A:
• Protection against conviction
for offences
• Protection of life and personal
liberty
• Protection against arbitrary
arrest and detention
• Right to Education
QWhat was declared a Fundamental
Right by the Supreme Court in 2017?
A: The Right to Privacy
Right Against Exploitation
QWhat are the two key provisions
under the Right Against Exploitation?
A:1. Prohibition of human trafficking
and forced labour (be_ ar)
2. Prohibition of child labour below 14
years in hazardous job
Right to Freedom of Religion
QWhat freedoms does the Right to
Religion provide?
A1. Freedom of conscience and to
practise, profess, and propag ate
religion
2. Freedom of religious institut ions to
manag e their own affairs
3. State will not promo te or tax any
religion
4. No religious teachi ng in state-
funded educa tional institut ions
Cultural and Educational Rights
Q What do Cultural and Educational
Rights ensure?
A:1. Right to preserve and promote
one's culture and language
2. State helps minorities establish
educational institutions
Right to Constitutional Remedies
QWhat is the Right to Constitutional
Remedies?
A: It allows citizens to go to court if their
Fundamental Rights are violated. The
court can issue writs to protect rights.
/ QWhat are the five types
of writs?
Writ Name Meaning
1. Habeas Corpus To produce a
person detained
illegally
2. Mandamus Command to a
public official to
perform a duty
3. Prohibition Stop a lower court
from proceeding in
a case
4. Quo Warranto Question
someone's right to
hold a public office
5. Certiorari Higher court asks
for case records
from lower court
' '"""'"'...,._ \..::/ ~ L..J '-/
Restrictions on Fundamental Rights
Q. Are Fundamental Rights unlimited?
A: No, reasonable restrictions can be
placed for public order, morality, health,
etc.
Examples:
• Can't spread diseases by
moving freely
• Can't claim to be a doctor/
lawyer without qualification
• Can't use free speech to
disturb peace
~ Fundamental Duties
QHow many Fundamental Duties are
there?
A: Eleven (originally ten, added through
the 42nd Amendment in 1976)
Q. Name any 5 Fundamental Duties.
A:
1. Abide by Constitution and
respect national symbols
2. Cherish ideals of the freedom
struggle
 integrity of India
4. Defend the country
5. Promote harmony and
respect women's dignity
Directive Principles of State Policy
QWhat are Directive Principles of
State Policy?
A: These are guidelines/instructions
given by the Constitution to the
government to help frame policies
aimed at achieving national goals and
establishing a welfare state.
QWho considered these guidelines as
powerful instruments?
A: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar considered them
powerful for transforming India into an
economic and social democracy.
QWhat are the classifications of
Directive Principles?
A:
1. Economic Principles:
• Equal pay for equal work.
• Adequate livelihood for all.
 2. Social Principles:
• Raise standard of living
and public health.
• Protect children from
exploitation.
3. Gandhian Principles:
• Organize village
Panchayats.
• Promote cottage
industries.
4. Principles related to
International Peace and Security:
• Maintain just and
honourable relations.
• Promote international
peace.
QAre Directive Principles enforceable
by law?
A: No, they are non-justiciable,
meaning they cannot be enforced by
courts, but they are moral obligations
for the government.
Q. Give examples of how Directive
Principles have been implemented.
A:
• Right to Education became a
Fundamental Right.
• Environment Protection Acts
were passed.
• National Commission for
Women was established.
• MNREGA (Right to Work for
rural unemployed).
Indian Secularism
QWhat is secularism according to the
Indian Constitution?
A: It means the state does not favor or
discriminate against any religion and
treats all religions equally.
QWhat are the two aspects of Indian
secularism?
A:1. Every citizen is free to follow any
religion.
2. The state does not discriminate
based on religion.
QWhy is secularism important for
India?• Promotes harmony among
religions.
• Grants equal rights.
• Protects minority rights.
• Limits majority power.
. When was the word 'secular' added
to the Constitution?
A: In 1976 by the 42nd Amendment to
the Preamble.
Q. What was the purpose of adding
'secular' to the Constitution?
A: To emphasize that India has no
State religion and to reinforce
secularism as part of India's basic
ideology.