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Memory Vs Peripheral IO

Memory-Mapped I/O shares the same address space as memory, allowing the use of standard memory instructions for I/O communication, but it can slow access and reduce usable memory space. In contrast, Peripheral-Mapped I/O uses a separate address space and special instructions for faster communication with I/O devices, without affecting memory space. The choice between the two methods depends on system requirements, such as the number of I/O ports and speed of communication.

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73 views2 pages

Memory Vs Peripheral IO

Memory-Mapped I/O shares the same address space as memory, allowing the use of standard memory instructions for I/O communication, but it can slow access and reduce usable memory space. In contrast, Peripheral-Mapped I/O uses a separate address space and special instructions for faster communication with I/O devices, without affecting memory space. The choice between the two methods depends on system requirements, such as the number of I/O ports and speed of communication.

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shivmandaluranium
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Memory-Mapped I/O vs Peripheral-Mapped I/O

Memory-Mapped I/O

Memory-mapped I/O is a technique where I/O devices share the same address space as memory.

Instructions like MOV, LDA, and STA can be used to communicate with I/O devices.

Characteristics:

- Address space: Shared with memory

- Instructions: Memory instructions (LDA, STA, MOV, etc.)

- Control Signals: MEMR (Memory Read), MEMW (Memory Write)

- Example: STA 8000H (sends data to I/O at address 8000H)

- Slower access due to address decoding

- Reduces usable memory space

Applications:

- Microprocessors where full instruction set is desired for I/O

- Systems with small I/O requirements

Peripheral-Mapped I/O (Isolated I/O)

Peripheral-mapped or Isolated I/O assigns a separate address space to I/O devices.

Special instructions like IN and OUT are used for data transfer.

Characteristics:

- Address space: Separate 8-bit I/O space (00H-FFH)

- Instructions: IN and OUT only

- Control Signals: IOR (I/O Read), IOW (I/O Write)

- Example: OUT 20H (sends data to output port 20H)

- Faster and simpler hardware

- Does not affect memory space


Memory-Mapped I/O vs Peripheral-Mapped I/O

Applications:

- Fast communication with external hardware (LEDs, switches)

- Systems with many I/O ports (up to 256 input and 256 output)

Comparison Table

| Feature | Memory-Mapped I/O | Peripheral-Mapped I/O |

|---------------------|-----------------------|--------------------------|

| Address Space | Shared with memory | Separate 8-bit space |

| Instructions Used | LDA, STA, MOV, etc. | IN, OUT only |

| Speed | Slower | Faster |

| Control Signals | MEMR, MEMW | IOR, IOW |

| Register Usage | All registers | Only Accumulator (A) |

| Port Limit (8085) | Based on address lines| 256 ports (8-bit addr) |

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