GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2: LEARNER ACTIVITIES - MODEL ANSWERS
Activity 3.1 – Settlement Types A and B
3.1.1 This type of settlement is uni-functional
Answer: Settlement A (Rural Settlement)
3.1.2 Associated with tertiary activities
Answer: Settlement B (Urban Settlement)
3.1.3 The smallest of all the settlement types
Answer: Settlement A
3.1.4 These settlements are always nucleated
Answer: Settlement B
3.1.5 This settlement has a dispersed pattern
Answer: Settlement A
3.1.6 An overconcentration of activities
Answer: Settlement B
3.1.7 A metropolis is an example of this type of settlement
Answer: Settlement B
Activity 3.3 – Rapid Urbanisation
3.3.1 Identify the feature shown in FIGURE 3.3
Answer: Informal Settlement
3.3.2 Name TWO building materials used
Answer: Corrugated iron, plastic sheets
3.3.3 Reasons why these materials were used
Answer: - Cheap and easily available - Quick to assemble shelters
3.3.4 Paragraph: Advice to improve conditions
Answer: Local authorities should provide basic services such as clean water,
sanitation, and electricity to informal settlements. Upgrading housing
structures with low-cost building materials and better designs will improve
safety. Creating job opportunities and skills development programs will uplift
residents. Lastly, community involvement in planning and maintaining these
areas can ensure long-term sustainability.
Activity 3.4 – Informal Dwellings
3.4.1 Define informal settlement
Answer: A housing area built without formal planning or approval, often
lacking services.
3.4.2 Trend in informal settlements
Answer: Increased from 1.2 million to 1.9 million between 1996 and 2011
3.4.3 More settlements in mining/industrial areas?
Answer: Job opportunities attract people to these areas.
3.4.4 Why are they an eyesore?
Answer: Poor construction, overcrowding, and lack of planning make them
unattractive.
3.4.5 Paragraph: Social problems and vulnerability
Answer: People in informal settlements face overcrowding, poor sanitation,
and health risks. They are vulnerable to fires, flooding, and crime. Lack of
education, employment, and healthcare worsens their quality of life. Informal
residents often have limited legal protection and suffer from social exclusion.
Activity 3.5 – Agricultural Products
3.5.1 Import or export more?
Answer: Export
3.5.2 Economic sector for agriculture
Answer: Primary
3.5.3 Percentage increase in exports
Answer: 5%
3.5.4 Benefits of strong home market
Answer: - Stability for farmers - Increased income and investment
3.5.5 Infrastructure development from agriculture
Answer: - Improved roads for transporting goods - Development of storage
and irrigation facilities
Activity 3.6 – Food Security
3.6.1 Define food security
Answer: Having reliable access to enough affordable, nutritious food
3.6.2 % of food insecure population
Answer: 54.4%
3.6.3 Two natural factors causing food insecurity
Answer: - Drought - Soil infertility
3.6.4 Paragraph: Improving food security
Answer: The government can invest in irrigation systems to reduce
dependency on rainfall. Educating farmers on sustainable practices and crop
diversification will improve yields. Providing support to small-scale farmers
through subsidies and access to markets can boost food availability. Lastly,
creating community gardens and food banks will help vulnerable groups.
Activity 4.1 – Settlement Terms
4.1.1 A group of people, buildings, infrastructure, etc.
Answer: Settlement
4.1.2 Position in relation to surroundings
Answer: Situation
4.1.3 Land on which settlement is built
Answer: Site
4.1.4 Scarce water, close to supply
Answer: Wet-point settlement
4.1.5 City with dependent towns
Answer: Metropolis
Activity 4.3 – Rural Depopulation
4.3.1 Define rural depopulation
Answer: Decrease in the number of people living in rural areas
4.3.2 Age group that migrates first
Answer: Youth (18–35 years)
4.3.3 Characteristic of a ghost town
Answer: Abandoned buildings and infrastructure
4.3.4 Reasons for rural stagnation
Answer: - Lack of job opportunities - Poor infrastructure and services
4.3.5 Paragraph: Breaking the cycle of stagnation
Answer: To reverse stagnation, rural areas need economic development
through investment in agriculture and small businesses. Improving access to
education and healthcare will retain residents. Infrastructure like roads and
internet should be developed. Government incentives for companies to
operate in rural areas can also boost the economy.
Activity 4.4 – Land Use Zones
4.4.1 Name land-use zone A
Answer: Central Business District (CBD)
4.4.2 Why transition zone doesn’t enclose A
Answer: Natural or built barriers like highways or rail lines interrupt it.
4.4.3 Why D is low-income area?
Answer: Far from CBD and located near industrial zones
4.4.4 Factor promoting location of shopping centre C
Answer: Accessibility to major roads and customer base
4.4.5 Paragraph: Why businesses relocate from A to C
Answer: Zone A (CBD) faces problems like high rent, traffic congestion, and
lack of space for expansion. Crime and poor parking also drive businesses
away. Shopping centre C offers modern facilities, more space, security, and
easy access. These advantages attract businesses to relocate.
(Additional activities like urban renewal, informal sector, mining, SDIs and
Dube Trade Port can be added if required.)
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