Rhythm Theory Guide
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jvxnbkRhythm Theory Guide
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jvxnbkIntroducing...
Crash Academy
Rhythm Theory GUIDE!
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Table of Contents
Note Values ............................... (1)
Time Signatures ......................... (3)
Triplets .................................... (4)
Dots and Ties ............................ (5)
Note Options ............................. (6)
Note Values
Rhythm is the combination of sound,
and the absence of sound in relation to time.
Notes represent sound, and rests represent silence.
In music we divide time into measure/bars which we
then divide into even smaller fractions of time using
Note Values. They determine how long notes and rests
are held, and how much time they takes up in a bar.
Note Values & Rests
Note Value names are based on the amount of space they
take up in a bar of Common Time, also known as 4/4 Time.
Notes
Whole Half Quarter 8th 16th
Note Note Note Note Note
Rests
Whole Half Quarter 8th 16th
Note Note Note Note Note
Rest
Rest
Rest Rest Rest
1
Note Values
Notes & Rests in context
Subdivisions smaller than quarter notes get a flag which
can connect to create beams. Beams connect notes within
the same beat, which is often the quarter note space. This
helps us keep track of where the notes land in the bar.
Time
Signature
4 Top Number = Beats Per Bar
4 Bottom Number = Note Value of Beats
Whole Note/rest
Half Notes/rests
Quarter Notes/rests
8th Notes/rests
16th Notes/rests
2
Time Signatures
Three types of Time Signatures
A Time Signature is the number of beats plus the note
value used to count those beats, allowing us to notate
rhythms! There are three main types of Time Signatures.
Simple time (groups of 2)
2 Duple meter
4
3 Triple meter
4
4
4 Quadruple meter
Compound time (groups of 3)
6 Duple meter
8
9
8 Triple meter
12 Quadruple meter
8
Irregular time (groups of 2’s & 3’s)
5 These groups of notes can
8 change depending on the
emphasis of the rhythm.
7
8
3
Triplets
Triplets are another common subdivision. They create 3
evenly spaced notes in the space of 2. For example, three
8th Note Triplets fit in the space of two regular 8th Notes.
Quarter note triplets
3 3
8th
note
triplets
3 3 3 3
16th note triplets
3 3
3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3
6 6 6 6
Sextuplets
6 evenly spaced notes in the space of 4.
3 These 3are the 3same as3 triplets 3but in groups
3 of3 6. 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
8th note Sextuplets
6 6
6
6
16th note Sextuplets
6 6 6 6
6 6 6 6
4
Dots
& Ties
When we want to increase the length of a note but it
doesn’t make sense to change it to a different Note Value
we have two options, Dots, and Ties.
Dots
Dotted Notes extend the duration of a note by half. So if a
Notes. You
Notes.
can even
3
Quarter Note equals two 8th Notes, a Dotted Quarter Note
equals 3 8th A Dotted 8th Note equals three 16th
Dot
Rests!
More
examples
3 later.
Dotted Quarter 3 Dotted 8th 3
Note/Rest
Note/rest
3 3 3 3
3
3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
6 Ties
6
A Tie is used to extend a6 notes duration by adding two6
or more 6of
the
same
note
notes over bar lines
and
rests.
6
6 together.
create
Here
This
6 allows
syncopation
is an
us to6hold
without
example:
6
using
6
6
rhythm
is the same written
with a
Here
and also with a Tie.
Dotted Quarter,
=
5
Note Options!
In this section I will show you all of your Quarter Notes,
8th Notes, 16th Notes, and 8th Note Triplet options!
Note
rest/hold Quarter & 8th Note Options
1 1 + +
16th Note Options
1 e + a 1 e + 1 + a 1 e a
1 e 1 a e + a e +
+ a e a e a
8th Note Triplet Options
3 3 3
3 3 3 3
1 3Tri p l et 13 Trip 3 1 3 let
3 3 3
3 3 3
3
T r i
p l e t 3 let 3 trip
3 6
Note Options!
16th note triplets subdivide the quarter note into 6. With 6 spaces
and 2 options (note or rest) you can find out how many different
variations there are with this equation:
6
2 = 64
Here are all 64 variations. I have organized them in
order from the most amount of notes to the least!
6 Notes
6
6 6 6
5 Notes
6
6 6 6
6
6
6
6
6 6 6
6
6 6
6
6 6
6 6 6
6
6
6
6
6 6 6
4 6 Notes 6 6
6
6 6 6
6 6 6 6
6 6 6
6
6
6
6
6 6 6 6
6 6 6
6
6
6
6 6 6 6
6 3 6
6
6
6
6
6 6 6
6 6 6
6
3 6 6
6 6 6 6
6 7 6 6
6 6 6 6
6
Note
Options!
6 6
6
6 6 6 6
6
3 Notes 6 6
6 6 6 6
6 3 6 6
6 6 6 6
6 6 6 6
6 6 6 6
2 Notes
6 3 6 3
6 6 6 6
6 6 3 6
6 6 6
6 3
8
3 6
3 3
Note Options!
6 6 3 6
6 6
3
6
1 Notes
6
6 6
6
3
3 3
3
3 3 3 3 3 3
6 6
6
3 3
3 3
3 3 3 6 6
6
6 6 6 6
6 6 6 6
6 6 6 3
3 3 6 6
66 66 6666
6 6
3 6 6
0 3 3 6 6
3 3
3 Notes 3 3 3 3 3
6 6
6 6 6 6
6 6 6 6 6 6
6
6 6 6 6 6 3 6 3 6 3 3
6 6 33
6 6 6 6 66 6 6 6 66 3663 6
6
6
6
There are
multiple ways
to
write
the same
rhythm,
it
all
comes down6 to context. If 6 we were writing
3 3 in a6 compound time 6 6
3 6
6 6 6 6 6 6
such
signature as or
6/8 12/8,
we don’t to
need write a 6 or6
6 6 3 3 6 6 6 6 66
above
groups three, but they are played
the same. is
Here an
6 example
6 of the6 same rhythm 6 written
6 the 6 same 6way. 6 6
6 6 6 6 6 66 6 6 6 6
6 6 6
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 633 6 6
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
6 6 6 6 6 6
6 6 3 3
6 6 6 6
= 6
6 6 6 6 6 6
6 6 6
2 2 6 6
6 2 2 = 6
6 6
6
6
6
6
3 3 3 3
3 3 6 6
3 3 3 3 3 6 6 3
=
9
Note Options!
Here are your 16th Note Triplet options laid out using dots and
spaces (in the same order as the previous examples).
6 Notes 5 Notes 4 Notes
2. •••••- 8. ••••--
1. •••••• 3. ••••-• 9. •••-•-
4. •••-•• 10. •••--•
5. ••-••• 11. ••-••-
3 Notes 6. •-•••• 12. ••-•-•
7. -••••• 13. ••--••
23. •••--- 14. •-•••-
24. ••-•-- 15. •-••-•
25. ••--•- 16. •-•-••
26. ••---•
27. •-••-- 2 Notes 17. •--•••
18. -••••-
28. •-•-•- 43. ••---- 19. -•••-•
29. •-•--• 44. •-•--- 20. -••-••
30. •--••- 45. •--•-- 21. -•-•••
31. •--•-• 46. •---•- 22. --••••
32. •---•• 47. •----•
33. -•••-- 48. -••---
34. -••-•- 49. -•-•--
35. -••--• 50. -•--•-
36.
37.
-•-••-
-•-•-•
51. -•---• 1 Notes
52. --••-- 58. •-----
38. -•--•• 53. --•-•-
39. --•••- 59. -•----
54. --•--• 60. --•---
40. --••-• 55. ---••-
41. --•-•• 61. ---•--
56. ---•-• 62. ----•-
42. ---••• 57. ----•• 63. -----•
0 Notes
64. ------
10
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