NJALA UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF EDUCATION

FINAL COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION – AUGUST, 2022

BACHELOR OF EDUCATION DEGREE

EDUCATION PAPER 2 TIME: 3Hr: 45 minutes

INSTRUCTION (S):

This paper comprises of FIVE SECTIONS. That is, SECTIONS A–E. Each section has TWO QUESTIONS. You
are only required to answer ONE QUESTION from each section. All questions carry equal mark. Ensure
you write each section in a separate Answer Booklet

SECTION A: PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION – 20 Marks

Answer ONE Question from this Section

1a) Distinguish between Education and Philosophy? (5 marks)

b) Who is an educated person? (3 marks)

c) Discuss the importance of studying philosophy (12 marks)

2a) Who is a philosopher? (5 marks)

b) Identify five characteristics of a philosopher (5 marks)

c) Discuss the importance of the Bachelor of Education Programme to you as a teacher and to the
national development of Sierra Leone (10 marks)

SECTION B: EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION – 20 Marks

Answer ONE Question from this Section

3a) Distinguish between administration and school administration (5 marks)

b) Write short notes on the three types of school administration (10 marks)

c) Discuss five qualities of a good administrator? (5 marks)

4a) Explain the meaning of a school record (3 marks)

b) Explain five reasons why records are kept by school administrators (5 marks)

c) Distinguish between statutory and non-statutory records in a school giving five examples of each (12
marks).
SECTION C: COMPARATIVE EDUCATION– 20 Marks

Answer ONE Question from this Section

5a) Discuss the Term Comparative Education (5 marks)

b) List down five subjects from where Comparative Education draws its content (5 marks)

c) Give five reasons for studying Give five Comparative Education (5 marks)

d) State five qualities of a good Educational Comparativist (5 marks)

6 Discuss in detail the educational system of any one of the following countries

i) Sierra Leone

ii) Japan

iii) United Kingdom

iv) United State of America (20 marks)

SECTION D: CURRICULUM THEORY AND PRACTICE 20 Marks

Answer ONE Question from this Section

7a) Define the following:

i) Curriculum

ii) Scheme of work

iii) Syllabus

iv) Notes of Lesson

v) School Timetable (10 marks)

b) Discuss five importance of curriculum in Teacher Education (10 marks)

8a) State five reasons why a teacher needs to prepare notes of lesson before teaching a topic (5 marks)

b) State five factors to be considered for a nation to determine her educational system and discuss any
three (15 marks)

SECIION E: GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING – 20 Marks

Answer ONE Question from this Section

9a) Briefly, explain the concept of Guidance and Counselling (5 marks)

Give five differences between Guidance and Counselling (10 marks)

State five purposes of Guidance and Counselling (5 marks)

Discuss Individual and Group counselling (5 marks)

Write short notes on the following:

i) Educational Counselling

ii) Marital Counselling

iii) Personal Social Counselling

iv) Vocational Counselling

v) Rehabilitation Counselling (15 marks)

NJALA UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF EDUCATION

FINAL COMPREHENSIVE EXZAMINATION – AUGUST, 2022

BACHELOR OF EDUCATION DEGREE

EDUCATION PAPER 1 TIME: 3Hr: 45 minutes

INSTRUCTION (S):

This paper comprises of FIVE SECTIONS. That is SECTION A–E. Each section has TWO QUESTIONS and you
are required to answer ONE QUESTION from each section. All questions carry equal mark.

Ensure you write each section in a separate Answer Booklet

STATISTICS

SECTION-A: EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY - 20 Marks

Answer ONE Question from this Section

a) Define the term "Educational Statistics" (4 marks)

b) State and discuss the types of statistics you have studied. (6marks)

c) Discuss FIVE reasons why the study of Educational Statistics is important to the Classroom Teacher (10
marks)
a) The following are scores obtained by twenty pupils in a Mathematics Test:

5, 6, 8, 9, 4, 5, 2, 1, 7, 4, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 3, 2, 1, 4, 8

i) Construct a frequency table of the distribution (5 marks)

ii) Which score appears most often? (1 mark)

b) Using a Class Interval of 1-10, 11-20, etc, construct and complete a table with the following columns:
Class Interval, Tally, Frequency, Class Boundary and Cumulative frequency of the following numbers:

10, 76, 44, 58, 37, 88, 69, 94, 53, 27, 61, 47, 51, 28, 38, 48, 15, 18, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 66, 74,
21, 15 (14 mark)

SECTION B: EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION- 20 Marks

Answer ONE Question from this Section

3a) Give concise definition of the following Terms:

i) Measurement in Education

ii) Evaluation

iii) Assessment

iv) Formative Assessment

v) Summative Assessment

vi) Test

vii) Testing

(14 Marks)

b) Distinguish between Teacher made Test and Standardized Test with examples

(6 Marks)

4a) Discuss Essay Test and Objective Test

(5 Marks)

b) Write down Three (3) advantages and Two (2) Disadvantages of:

i) Essay Test

(5 Marks)
ii) Objective Test

(5 Marks)

c) State FIVE importance of Measurement and Evaluation

(5 Marks)

SECTION C: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY- 20 Marks

Answer ONE Question from this Section

5a) Discuss the concept of Developmental Psychology

(5 Marks)

b) State and discuss the branches of Developmental Psychology

(6 Marks)

c) State five reasons why the study of Developmental Psychology is important to the Teacher in training

(7 Marks)

d) Differentiate between Growth and Development

(2 Marks)

6a) Distinguish between Heredity and Environment

(4 Marks)

b) Give your own definition for Conception

(3 Marks)

c) Identify and discuss any four factors that affect Pre-natal development

(8 Marks)

d) State the age bracket for the following stages of development

i) Neonatal = ( ) (1 Mark) - Birth – 4 wks

ii) Infancy = ( ) (1 Mark) - 4 wks – 2 yrs

iii) Pre-School = ( ) (1 Mark) - 2 yrs – 6 yrs.

iii) Childhood = ( ) (1 Mark) - 6 yrs – 9 yrs

iv) Pre-adolescence = ( ) (1 Mark) - 9 yrs – puberty.

SECTION D: LEARNING THEORY- 20 Marks

Answer ONE Question from this Section

7a) Define Learning, Theory and Learning Theory (3 marks)

b) Discuss FIVE reasons why Learning Theory is important to the Classroom Teacher (5 marks)

c) Discuss Formal learning and Informal learning (6 marks)

d) State three characteristics of Formal Learning and Informal learning (6 marks)

8a) Discuss the experiment of one of the following and how the theory could be used in the classroom
situation

i) Classical Conditioning Learning Theory by Ivan Pavlov

ii) Operant Conditioning by B. F. Skinner

SECTION E: SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION- 20 Marks

Answer ONE Question from this Section

9a) Give concise definition of the following Terms:

i) Sociology ii) Sociology of Education iii) Education iv) Marriage (12 marks)

b) Discuss FIVE reasons why Sociology of Education is important to the Classroom Teacher (5 marks)

c) Identify Three (3) causes of Social Stratification (3 marks)

10a) What is Socialization? (5 marks)

b) Identify the agents of socialization (5 marks)

c) Discuss how any two of the agents you have mentioned help in the socialization of the child (10
marks)

NIALA UNIVERSITY

CENTRE FOR PEDAGOGICAL EXCELLENCE

DISTANCE EDUCATION

FINAL COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION – AUGUST 2025, TIME: 3 Hours

BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (BED) EDUCATION PAPER I

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER FIVE (5) QUESTIONS IN ALL, ONE (1) QUESTION FROM EACH SECTION BELOW IN
A SEPARATE BOOKLET.

SECTION A: EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS

(a) Define statistics and explain its relevance in educational research (5 marks)

(b) The following scores represent the marks obtained by 10 students in CDS test:

Construct a frequency table for the above data. Calculate the mean, median, and mode. (15 marks)

(a) State five (5) importance of studying educational statistics for teachers.

(b) Given the raw scores below:

5, 8, 12, 15, 10, 20, 18, 7, 14, 10

(a) Construct a frequency table using the following columns:

Class Interval, Tally, Class Boundaries, Frequency (f), Cumulative Frequency (Cf). (25 marks)

SECTION B: MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION

(a) Define the following terms:

(a) Educational Measurement

(b) Evaluation

(c) Assessment

(d) Test

(e) Testing (10 marks)

(b) Explain Teacher-made tests with examples and list four objective test item types (Multiple-choice,
True/False, Matching, Completion). (10 marks)

(a) Critically discuss four ways of improving the setting of essay test items. (10 marks)

(b) State and explain five qualities of a good test with examples. (20 marks)

SECTION C: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY.

5 (a) Define developmental psychology and explain its three main branches (10 marks)

(b) Define heredity and environment. Give three examples of hereditary factors (10 marks)
6 (a) Define conception and critically discuss four factors affecting prenatal development. (10 marks)

(b) Outline the stages of child development with age brackets. (10 marks)

SECTION D: LEARNING THEORIES

7 (a). Critically Discuss Ivan Pavlov's Classical Conditioning theory, using his experiment as an example.
(10 marks)

(b). State and fully explain three educational implications of Pavlov's theory in classroom teaching. (10
marks)

8 (a) Critically discuss B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning theory, including his experiment. (10 marks)

(b) List and fully explain three classroom applications of Operant Conditioning theory. (10 marks)

SECTION E: SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION

9 (a) Critically discuss socialization and identify five agents of socialization. (10 marks)

(b) Fully discuss the role of the family in behavior modification and control. (10 marks)

10 (a) Define the concept social stratification and state three types of social classes in society. (10 marks)

(b) Fully explain the relevance of understanding social stratification to societal growth and education.
(10 marks)