1. What is system boot in operating system?
System boot is the process of starting a computer and loading the operating system into memory
from a powered-off state.
2. Distinguish between multicore and multiprocessor.
- Multicore: A single processor with multiple cores on the same chip.
- Multiprocessor: A system with two or more separate processors (CPUs).
3. How deadlocks can be avoided?
Deadlocks can be avoided by ensuring that at least one of the necessary conditions (mutual
exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption, circular wait) is not allowed to occur.
4. Define mutex.
A mutex (mutual exclusion) is a synchronization primitive used to prevent multiple threads from
accessing a shared resource simultaneously.
5. What is demand paging?
Demand paging is a memory management scheme that loads pages into memory only when they
are needed, reducing memory usage.
6. Enlist different types of file directory structure.
- Single-level directory
- Two-level directory
- Tree-structured directory
- Acyclic graph directory
- General graph directory
7. What is thrashing? And how to resolve this problem?
Thrashing occurs when excessive paging reduces system performance. It can be resolved by
reducing the degree of multiprogramming or using better page replacement algorithms.
8. Write short notes on file system mounting.
Mounting is the process of making a file system accessible at a certain point in the directory tree of
the currently accessible file systems.
9. What are the components of a Linux System? Discuss the role of the Dalvik Virtual
Machine.
Components: Kernel, System Libraries, System Utilities, Hardware Layer.
Dalvik VM is used in Android OS (Linux-based) to run Java applications efficiently on mobile
devices.
10. Which layer of iOS contains fundamental system services for apps?
The Core Services layer contains fundamental system services used by all iOS apps.
