MEDIACJE

JĘZYKOWE
bez tajemnic
Bank ćwiczeń i zadań dla szkół średnich
 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 1 (based on Focus Second Edition Student’s Book 5, Focus Review 1, p. 17, exercise 9)
Przeczytaj tekst. Uzupełnij zdania 1– 4 zgodnie z treścią tekstu. W każdą lukę można wpisać
maksymalnie cztery wyrazy.

VERBAL CONFLICT
Sometimes we try to stop ourselves but we just can’t control the urge. We get ourselves involved
in a verbal conflict that is often met with an immediate sense of regret. But arguing? Is it really such
a bad thing?
Philosopher Daniel H. Cohen says that there are three kinds of argument: there’s the argument-as-proof,
the argument-as-presentation and there’s the argument-as-war. Now, the first of these are scientific
arguments designed to prove a theory is either correct or incorrect. They involve experimentation,
investigation and the formation of hypothesis: the search for the objective truth. The second of these are
those types of argument that are purely for the sake of it, performed in front of a captive audience like
a kind of spectator sport. They often involve playing devil’s advocate in order to force debate and there’s
often very little outcome other than the thrill of being involved in the act and entertaining onlookers
with witty comebacks.
But it is the last of these which is the most prevalent. The argument-as-war: the adversarial taking on of
an opponent who has a different opinion.
Now, the fact that we have so many different terms to describe the phenomenon gives us a clue as
to how much a part of our lives it actually is. Whether it be a quarrel, a squabble, a wrangle or a dispute,
plenty of the people we interact with on a daily basis are going to think differently to ourselves and it is,
therefore, an inevitable fact that with some of these people conflict will ensue.
Interestingly, however, scientists have proven that people who argue with those close to them are
more likely to be more considerate to others confronted during the day. That means they’re less likely
to be the instigators of road rage, push people out of the way in the street or fight for that last seat
on the train.
Another positive knock-on effect of arguments is that people who regularly get involved in them are
known to have a longer life expectancy than those that tend to bite their lip and bottle their true feelings
up. These latter types are much more likely to explode at some point in the future – rather like a time
bomb ticking inexorably towards an explosion of epic proportions.
And there’s more good news. Arguing is actually good for your relationship. How so? Arguing equals
communication – the exchange of information and views that are considered important enough to share
when one feels safe enough to share them. They are an expression of honesty, of trust, of respect. If you
really care about a relationship, you want to express such truths rather than simply brush them under
the carpet.
So, as long as you keep your arguments to the point and remember to actually listen to what your
partner is saying, feel free to go ahead and get it all out in the open. Whatever you do though, make sure
that you don’t get involved in personal attacks. Then a good argument needn’t be an act of war as much
as one that will create a stronger bond and a healthier, longer life.

1 According to philosopher Daniel H. Cohen, argument-as-proof and argument-as-presentation are not

_______________________ argument-as-war.

2 Scientific research has shown that those who argue with their nearest and dearest are more
_______________________ longer.

3 The author draws an analogy between the release of pent-up emotions and _______________________ that
will eventually go off.

4 Listening to your partner’s point of view _______________________ attacks that are personal can result in
stronger bonds and healthier life.

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 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 2 (based on High Note Workbook 5, Unit 1, p. 8, exercise 2)

Przeczytaj tekst. Odpowiedz na pytania 1– 4 na str. 4 zgodnie z treścią tekstu.

I was well-brought-up, and frankly, I always For those who pass through the negotiation
assumed I had good table manners until I went stage successfully, after six to twelve months
to live in Brazil. Food is almost always eaten they may expect to adjust to the new culture.
there with cutlery – and that includes chips, It is likely that this will still be relatively
sandwiches and cake. If you absolutely have to superficial, and they may continue to come up
use your hands, you hold the food in a napkin against deeper cultural differences in the longer
at all times. It’s charming, and probably a lot term. Gradually however, they will assimilate
more hygienic, but it’s certainly very different, themselves into the culture, in some cases
if not a little intimidating. It also took me coming to see themselves as bicultural,
a remarkably long time to fully comprehend particularly if they create family ties within the
that when a Brazilian invites you to their house new culture.
for eight o’clock, it is considered impolite to Strangely enough, it has been found that
turn up until at least thirty minutes later. These reverse culture shock, when the person returns
are just a couple of classic examples of the kinds to their home culture, can be even more
of (often quite subtle) differences that can lead challenging to deal with than the original
to a feeling of disorientation and culture shock culture shock. Perhaps even more surprisingly,
when we travel abroad to work, live or study. it seems that those who found the most
At first, it can be hard to recognise what difficulty in assimilating are often those who
is going on, not least because the immediate suffer the most from reverse culture shock.
impact of arriving in an alien culture may be It may be that they have created an idealised
overwhelmingly positive. Known as the version of their home culture, in which none of
‘honeymoon stage’, everything is new and the problems of the alien culture exist. Equally,
exciting. We may become infatuated with if they have been away from home for some
the food, the language, the people, the years, they may find that things have moved on
surroundings. On a short trip, we may never at home, and that the culture there is no longer
leave the honeymoon stage, and look back just as they remember it.
fondly on our time there. I adjusted relatively quickly to life in Brazil,
If we stay longer, however, small frustrations but did indeed struggle to a degree with
may start to creep in. Nothing is ever as easy as reverse culture shock. Back home, people felt
it was back home. You can’t grasp the nuances somewhat cold and unfriendly, and I found
of getting things done, and you are increasingly myself perceived as overly ‘touchy-feely’.
irritated by the way everyone pushes into the The experience of living in another culture
queue ahead of you. Everything seems to take profoundly changed me, and while I have
longer and it requires strenuous effort to deduce probably reverted somewhat to my ‘Britishness’
all the unspoken rules. Excitement may give since, I’m sure that much of that change was
way to pent-up feelings of homesickness. permanent. I have no regrets whatsoever, and
believe that the experience was nothing if not
This stage, often referred to as the
enriching.
‘negotiation stage’, can kick in around the
three-month mark within the host culture.
You may find that your sleep is negatively
impacted, and you may even develop physical
symptoms such as headaches or stomach aches.
Lapses in concentration are also common,
which is particularly challenging if you are in
the country to work or study. It’s at this point
that many people conclude that living in this
new culture is not for them, and make plans
to return home. Alternatively, they may decide
to bury themselves as much as possible within
the expat community, and venture out as rarely
as they can. Tempting as this approach may seem,
it is likely to leave you in a permanent state of
culture shock as you never give yourself the
opportunity to fully acclimatise or adapt to the
new culture.

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 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

1 What feelings characterise the ‘honeymoon stage’ and the ‘negotiation stage’?

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2 During the ‘negotiation stage’, what coping mechanism do some people turn to if they decide to remain in
the host country?

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3 According to the author, why can reverse culture shock be more challenging than the original culture
shock?

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4 Explain the meaning of the phrase ‘touchy-feely’ as used in the last paragraph.

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 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 3 (based on Focus Second Edition Student’s Book 5, Unit 2, p. 25, exercises 1–3)
Przeczytaj wiadomość Ali do Michała. Uzupełnij luki 1– 4 zgodnie z treścią tekstów A–D, tak aby jak
najprecyzyjniej oddać ich sens. Luki należy uzupełnić w języku polskim. W każdą lukę można wpisać
maksymalnie cztery wyrazy.

Text A Text B

US TODAY From Dawn McLeod
To johnsmith  ✩
Homeschooling – parents or tutors teaching children at
Dear Mr and Mrs Smith,
home rather than sending them to school
I am afraid I do not know many homeschooled
number of children

2 mln children, but I don’t think it’s a practical

1,690,000
1,520,000
solution for a lot of families. Take a family
where both parents are working and can’t
afford to pay for expensive private tutors.
1 mln They don’t have time to dedicate to
850,000 homeschooling their children – so for them
school is the only option. And you know,
there are a lot of things that schools offer
year
that homeschooling can’t. A case in point
is the question of socialisation. […] It’s a
1999 2007 2016 really important aspect of school and it often
Homeschooling in the USA gets undervalued. I would think these are
the issues to consider when making your
decision.
Best wishes,
Text C
Dawn McLeod

From Scott
To Sandra  ✩
Text D
Hi Sandra,

Homeschooling is brilliant. I learn at home – and it’s
very efficient. I also spend a lot of time with other
homeschooled kids doing projects together at each Sandra Hi Ala. I’ve just talked to my parents
other’s houses. Kids who go to school, OK, they’re
and … THEY AGREED!
in class together for hours every day but are they
socialising? No! Look at my cousin, Rob. He’s at
school from 8:30 till 4. When he gets home, he has to
do his homework, that takes another couple of hours
What?! So, you’re really going to be Ala
and so he hardly has any time to see his friends – or
to dedicate himself to the things he’s really interested homeschooled? How did you do it?
in. […] For example, when I was twelve. I wanted
to build my own computer. I became completely
obsessed with it and spent all day, every day, just
finding out stuff, for instance getting the right parts Sandra I’m sure you remember what our
and the best prices and learning to put it all together.
form teacher wrote when my parents
I was very proud of the final product, and I think it’s
a prime example of the kind of thing you have time asked her opinion. And what Scott
to do when you’re homeschooled. If I’d been going
said. So, I prepared a list of pros to
to school, well, I guess I’d have given up, you know,
there just wouldn’t have been enough time to pursue convince my parents. And it worked!
the project. My parents are really cool. 
I hope it helps.
Ala, I can’t wait. 
Bye for now,
Scott

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 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5


From Ala
To Michał  ✩
Cześć,

pamiętasz moją koleżankę Sandrę? Wyobraź sobie, że jej rodzice zgodzili się, żeby zamiast chodzić
do szkoły uczyła się w domu! W Stanach jest to coraz częstsze zjawisko. Według statystyk od końca XX w.
do 2016 roku liczba uczniów korzystających z nauczania domowego zwiększyła się 1 _______________________
i wyniosła ok. 1.7 mln uczących się. Rodzice Sandry pytali jej wychowawczynię, co sądzi o tej formie
nauki. Powiedziała, że dla wielu rodzin nie jest to dobre rozwiązanie – jeśli oboje rodzice pracują, to wcale
nie znaczy, że będzie ich stać na prywatnych nauczycieli, a na samodzielne nauczanie swoich dzieci raczej
nie starczy im czasu. Poza tym szkoła zapewnia uczniom 2 _______________________, a tego nie można
nie doceniać. Gdy Sandra poznała opinię wychowawczyni, natychmiast skontaktowała się z kolegą, który
uczy się w domu. Według niego taka nauka bardzo dobrze się sprawdza. Ma on kontakt z innymi kolegami
i koleżankami uczącymi się w tym systemie, ponieważ pracują razem nad różnymi projektami i spotykają
się u siebie w domach. Jednocześnie znajduje czas na rozwijanie swoich zainteresowań, tymczasem jego
kuzyn, który spędza w szkole aż 3 _______________________ dziennie, a potem jeszcze odrabia pracę
domową, właściwie nie ma czasu na spotkania z przyjaciółmi czy własne hobby. Scott mówi, że gdyby
chodził do zwykłej szkoły, to pewnie nigdy nie złożyłby samodzielnie komputera, co było jego marzeniem
jeszcze w szkole podstawowej. Sandra przygotowała na rozmowę z rodzicami 4 _______________________
i przekonała ich! Jest szczęśliwa. Mam nadzieję, że nie stracimy kontaktu, chociaż nie będziemy się już
spotykać w szkole.
Napisz, co u Ciebie?
Ala

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 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 4 (based on High Note Student’s Book 5, Unit 2, p. 20, exercises 2 & 5)
Przeczytaj tekst. Uzupełnij luki 1– 4 w streszczeniu na str. 8 zgodnie z treścią tekstu. W każdą lukę
można wpisać maksymalnie trzy wyrazy.

King Solomon’s Carpet

by Barbara Vine

Once she went wrong. She waited for some minutes The bag was bundled, squeezed, stretched and
on a platform, a train came and she would have squashed, between the legs of the stumbling mass.
got into it if that had been possible. She could not There was no possibility of her reaching it. She did
have brought herself to do as some did, step in and not dare let go, hung onto the rail, where another
squash her body against the bodies of those who four hands also hung on, for dear life. Faces were
formed the dense wad of people which already closer to hers than faces had ever been. The back of
bulged from the open doors. a head pushed one aside and pressed so close into
her face that hair came into her mouth, she could
The doors ground to a close. Looking up at the
smell the less than clean hair and see the beads of
illuminated sign overhead she was glad she had not
dandruff. She turned her face, twisted her neck,
attempted to push her way in. The train was going
found her eyes meeting a man’s eyes, their eyes
eastwards, bound for a place called Hainault she
close and gazing. His eyes were dead, purposely
had never heard of.
glazed over, blinded to deny contact.
She made the transfer to the right platform.
And then, as the doors groaned shut and the train
Entering the train was not so bad as entering the
moved, the fidgeting, the adjusting of positions,
eastbound one would have been. It was possible to
the shifting of hands, ceased and all became still.
walk in without pushing or being pushed, though
Everyone froze into stillness like people playing
there was no question of finding a seat. Others
the statues game when the music stops. She knew
stood, so she could too, it would not be for long.
why. If the heaving had continued, if there had been
What she should have done was obey the voice
continuous restless movement, existence inside the
that told her to pass right along the car. Instead
train would have been impossible. People would
she stayed near the doors, holding on as best she
begin to scream. People would begin to beat each
could to an upright rail, the bag with the dress in it
other in their frenzy at something so intolerable
clutched in her other hand.
imposed upon them.
At St Paul’s, a great throng crammed the
They were still. Some held their chins high,
platform. She saw a sea of faces. Each stamped
stretching necks, their expressions agonised, like
with a kind of purposeful, hungry urgency,
martyrs in paintings. Others hung their heads in
a determination to get into this train. As before,
meek submission. It was worst for the very short,
when she was on the Northern Line, she thought
like the girl she could see between face and face
there must be some rule, some operating law that
and back of head, standing with nothing to hold
would stop more than a limited, controlled number
onto, supported by those who surrounded her, her
getting in. Authority would appear and stop it.
head under the men’s elbows, a woman’s handbag,
But authority did not appear, not even in the form clutched under an arm, driving its hard contents
of a disembodied voice, and the people came on into her throat.
in, on and on, more and more of them, a marching
When the train stopped, she thought they were
army. A shoving, crushing, battering ram of men
there. She wondered why the doors were not
and women. She could not see if the platform
opening. Outside the windows all was darkness
emptied because she could not see the platform.
and she understood that they had stopped in a
A man, pushing past her, swept the dress bag out
tunnel. Whether this happened without dangerous
of her hand, carrying it along with him in his
cause, whether it often happened, what it signified,
thrusting progress. She could see it still, made
of all this she had no idea. She would have liked to
an ineffectual grab at it, seized only a girl’s skirt
ask, speak into the face of the man whose breath,
instead and, relinquishing it with a gasp, saw its
rich with garlic, fanned hotly into her nostrils.
wearer’s face loom close to hers, as distressed as
Her throat had dried. She had no voice.
her own must be.

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 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

Summary

The woman refused to board a crowded train. Instead, she got on one which had fewer passengers,
though there were no seats and she had to stand. She reasoned that wasn’t a problem as her
1 ________________________ short.

Ignoring the announcement, she chose to stay close to the doors, holding on to an upright rail with one
hand to steady herself and a bag containing a dress in the other. When the train arrived at St Paul’s,
a great number of passengers got on the train. She had assumed only a limited number could board
at every stop and was dismayed when she realised this was not the case. While the passengers were
surging onto the train, the bag she had been carrying was swept out of her hand and it was impossible for
2 ________________________ it.

The train was terribly crowded. The passengers were pressed up against each other so closely that
a fellow traveller’s hair ended up in her mouth, causing her to turn away and 3 ________________________ to
avoid it. Once the train began to move, all the passengers became still. She felt 4 ________________________
a short girl who was unable to support herself. She was surrounded by other passengers and was bearing
the brunt of their elbows and bags poking into her. When the train stopped, the woman thought they had
arrived at her destination but they were in a tunnel! She couldn’t bring herself to ask a fellow passenger why
it had stopped there.

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 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 5 1 (based on Focus New Edition Student’s Book 5, Unit 3, p. 39, exercises 2–3)
Usłyszysz dwukrotnie rozmowę na temat innowacji technologicznych. Na podstawie informacji
zawartych w nagraniu uzupełnij zdania 1– 4. W każdą lukę można wpisać maksymalnie sześć wyrazów.

1 Sarah came across ________________________ in a new Asian restaurant she dined at last week.

2 The new thing about them is that they ________________________ and all the functions they have make
the whole ordering process very quick indeed.

3 The screens on virtual mirrors provide the view of ________________________ and are equipped with
a clothes menu for the customer.

4 Lyndon believes that virtual mirrors can be a hit ________________________ .

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MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 5 1 (based on Focus New Edition Student’s Book 5, Unit 3, p. 39, exercises 2–3)
Usłyszysz dwukrotnie rozmowę na temat innowacji technologicznych. Na podstawie informacji
zawartych w nagraniu uzupełnij zdania 1– 4. W każdą lukę można wpisać maksymalnie sześć wyrazów.

1 Sarah came across ________________________ in a new Asian restaurant she dined at last week.

2 The new thing about them is that they ________________________ and all the functions they have make
the whole ordering process very quick indeed.

3 The screens on virtual mirrors provide the view of ________________________ and are equipped with
a clothes menu for the customer.

4 Lyndon believes that virtual mirrors can be a hit ________________________ .

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 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 6 (based on High Note Student’s Book 5, Unit 3, p. 34, exercise 2; p. 35, exercise 7)
Przeczytaj wiadomość Tomka do przyjaciół. Uzupełnij luki 1– 4 zgodnie z treścią tekstów A–D, tak aby
jak najprecyzyjniej oddać ich sens. Luki należy uzupełnić w języku polskim. W każdą lukę można wpisać
maksymalnie trzy wyrazy.

Text A Text B
Goat Rental Service Goat a problem with
weeds?!

Do you need a lawn mowing or to get rid of a large area of weeds?

Goat Rental Service
Rather than considering what kind of machine to hire, Josh McIntyre
why not rent some goats?
Glencoe, Alba
This goat rental company will come and look at your land, provide  +44 321 123 231 (M
on–Fri after 6.00 p.m.)
a quote and then bring along an appropriate number of peckish goats.
The USP of this kind of service is that it is very eco-friendly:
no need for electric mowers or for pesticides.
Not only do goats apparently particularly relish eating weeds,
the service is also extremely cost-effective: just thirty-eight goats
can ‘mow’ 50,000 square feet of grass in a single day.

Text C

FROM SMART IDEAS TO NEW BUSINESSES

An interview with Josh McIntyre, the owner of a goat rental business in the Highlands, UK.
By Fleur Bishop

So, Josh, you run a goat rental business, is that What about marketing and promotion?
right?
Well, we get a lot of our customers through word-of-
Yes, it’s called ‘Goat a problem with weeds?’! mouth. When our goats are in the neighbourhood,
a lot of people hear about it and come and have
Goat a … oh I see, goat instead of got.
a look at what they’re doing and we often sign up
Yes, exactly. Our goats will get rid of any weeds you new customers on the spot. But when we first
have. They especially love things like ivy and kudzu started, we had a bit of a disaster, and it wasn’t so
which can be pretty hard work to get rid of. good that everyone was talking about us!
So, what gave you the idea to set up the business? What happened?
Well, I already had some experience looking after Well, at that time we didn’t have the electric fence
livestock, and when I heard about goat rental I mentioned, just a regular fence, and we had over
companies springing up all over the States, it seemed 100 goats working on someone’s garden when they
like it might be a good market to break into. Then unfortunately managed to break out!
I realised that we didn’t have any competition in the
Oh no!
area, so it was too good an opportunity to pass up.
Too right. They got everywhere. They were in the
What kind of costs are involved in starting up this
neighbours’ gardens, eating all their prized flowers
kind of business?
… One even got into someone’s kitchen and ate their
Well, obviously you’ve got to buy the goats, but tablecloth! We’d been building up customer loyalty
there are a lot of other costs before you even begin: in that area and we were worried no one was going to
transport, insurance, electric fencing … I’ll tell you want to use our business after that. Eventually,
why that’s so important in a minute … Oh there’s we did manage to win them over. We had to knock
quite a lot of upfront investment. quite a lot off the price and compensate the
But once you have all that stuff, is the profit margin neighbours. It wouldn’t happen now though,
good? we learned our lesson!

Well, it helps that we don’t have to feed the goats

much! That’s quite cost-effective.

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 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

Text D


Daniel Hi Tomek. You’d never guess… My neighbour Sue wanted

to mow the lawn in front of her house. Instead of using her
electric mower, she called the goat rental service!
The goat what? Tomek

Daniel Exactly. I didn’t know there is such a thing until today!

Could you explain? Tomek

Daniel You call the goat rental service, they ask you about the area to ‘mow’, you make
the appointment and Josh – the owner – comes with his goats. The goats graze
on the grass and after a couple of hours your lawn is perfectly trimmed.

Don’t tell me you’re going to goat-mow your lawn as well?! Tomek

Daniel But I am! Sue gave me Josh’s business card and I will surely call him soon. Tomek!
Just imagine! Goats ‘mow’ the grass and I can relax in my hammock.  But seriously,
Tomek, how about a holiday job in Glencoe? Shall I call Josh or will you do it?


From Tomek
To Maciek; Zuza; Igor; Ruda  ✩
Cześć Wam!
Muszę się z Wami podzielić informacją od Daniela – tego, który mieszka w Szkocji. Napisał, że jego
sąsiadka wynajęła niedawno nietypową firmę usługową. Właściciel tej firmy, Josh, usłyszał kiedyś,
że 1 ________________________ jak grzyby po deszczu powstają firmy wynajmujące kozy do „koszenia
trawników i usuwania chwastów”. Ponieważ w jego okolicy żaden przedsiębiorca nie zrealizował jeszcze
takiego pomysłu na biznes, uznał, że będzie pierwszy. Co jest potrzebne do założenia „wynajmu kóz”?
Naturalnie trzeba kupić kozy, samochód do ich przewozu i „elektrycznego pastucha” oraz wykupić
2 ________________________. To jest tzw. wkład początkowy. Ale za to na marketing wcale nie trzeba
dużo wydawać. Zazwyczaj kolejne zamówienia składają ludzie, którzy albo widzieli kozy „w akcji” ,
albo usłyszeli o firmie od znajomych. Sama usługa wygląda tak: dzwonisz do firmy, jej przedstawiciel
przyjeżdża do ciebie i ogląda teren, 3 ________________________ , a następnie przywozi odpowiednią
liczbę kóz. Nie używa się kosiarek, nie używa się pestycydów, Josh oszczędza na paszy, bo kozy jedzą
„w pracy”, klient jest zadowolony, bo nie musi sam kosić, a Josh patrzy, czy kozy ładnie skubią i zarabia! 
Na taki biznes, który jest dochodowy i jednocześnie 4 ________________________ , powinno się teraz
stawiać. Daniel też zamierza skorzystać z tej firmy.
A teraz najważniejsze – Daniel zaproponował, żebyśmy zapytali Josha o 5 ________________________.
Nie ukrywam, że się strasznie zapaliłem. Chcę do niego zadzwonić. Muszę tylko pamiętać, że u nas jest
o godzinę później niż u nich, żeby zadzwonić 6 ________________________ czasu.
Napiszcie koniecznie, co o tym myślicie. Wejdźcie sobie na Goat Rental Service, żeby dowiedzieć się
więcej. Może w przyszłości założylibyśmy razem taką firmę w Polsce? 
Tomek

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TASK 7 (based on Focus Second Edition Workbook 5, Unit 4, p. 49, exercises 1–2)
Przeczytaj tekst. Uzupełnij zdania 1– 4 zgodnie z treścią tekstu. W każdą lukę można wpisać
maksymalnie siedem wyrazów.

TRENDS IN EDUCATION:

The rebirth of apprenticeships

Apprenticeships are currently experiencing a renaissance as a hands-on alternative to academic study
at a higher education institution. Today, we offer the views of [two] young people currently enrolled in
apprenticeship programmes in the UK.

Abigail Rawlins, 19
When I was a younger teenager, I was in a fairly bad place personally and emotionally. As a result of some less
than positive experiences in my personal life, I missed my chance to go to university, and with everything that
went on, the last thing I’d thought about was what I actually wanted to do as a career. So, I decided to take
things into my own hands and sign up for some training with a view to finding a job. I didn’t have high hopes
of being accepted on an apprenticeship to be honest, but lo and behold, here I am two years in and absolutely
thriving, I’d say. Working at such a prestigious car company gives me a real sense of pride and people are
always intrigued when I say who I work for. There is no denying it’s a male-dominated environment, and at first
I felt like I had more to prove than the guys who started at the same time as me. However, I showed myself to
be capable and competent and quickly earned everyone’s respect. If I’m honest, having a sharp tongue helps!
I stuck up for myself when I had to and people know not to mess with me now. I think apprenticeships are
sometimes overlooked by school leavers, but in my case being an apprentice has provided me with some real
direction in life and the added bonus of relative financial stability.

Andrew Mendel, 19
My folks are not well off, so the only way I could have made it through university would have been to take loans
to cover tuition and living. The thought of graduating with tens of thousands of pounds of debt was enough
to put me off before I’d even begun. The careers counsellor at my school suggested I try an apprenticeship
instead. Frankly speaking, I’d always regarded apprenticeships as being a bit of a lazy option for those who
didn’t do so well at school, so I was amazed to discover what a wide range of options there actually are out
there now. I’m working with my hands, which I love, I’ve got a stable income, and I’m planning to start my own
plumbing business one day. And laziness is strictly out of bounds, let me tell you! If something goes wrong,
you realise it could be your fault and you have to take responsibility. It’s hard work and long hours. I don’t
remember the last time I went out during the week – I’m too busy and tired.

1 Abigail was initially pessimistic about her chances of being offered an apprenticeship, but to date,
she has already worked ________________________ at a prestige car company.

2 Apart from being provided with some real direction in life, Abigail also enjoys ________________________.

3 Attending university would have led to Andrew ________________________ expenses, thereby leaving him
with a huge debt.

4 Andrew enjoys the ________________________ involved in his plumbing apprenticeship and he has plans
to run his own plumbing business.

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TASK 8 2 (based on High Note Workbook 5, Unit 4, p. 45, exercises 1–2)

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie rozmowę na temat zachowania się przy stole w ujęciu historycznym. Na podstawie
informacji zawartych w nagraniu uzupełnij zdania 1– 4. W każdą lukę można wpisać maksymalnie pięć
wyrazów.

1 Because we are social animals by nature and feel the need to be accepted, we usually don’t adopt
________________________ stand out.

2 The progression of table manners from the less sophisticated medieval times to the highly cultured
Renaissance can be evidenced in depictions of ________________________, which would surely have
required handling with delicate care.

3 The rules of etiquette pertaining to the practice of taking afternoon tea required that tea should be drunk
________________________ and sandwiches and cake held in a certain way.

4 According to Mrs Beeton’s complex rules of etiquette, ________________________ had to be the first of the
dinner guests served and nobody should ask for a second serving of soup or fish.

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MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 8 2 (based on High Note Workbook 5, Unit 4, p. 45, exercises 1–2)

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie rozmowę na temat zachowania się przy stole w ujęciu historycznym. Na podstawie
informacji zawartych w nagraniu uzupełnij zdania 1– 4. W każdą lukę można wpisać maksymalnie pięć
wyrazów.

1 Because we are social animals by nature and feel the need to be accepted, we usually don’t adopt
________________________ stand out.

2 The progression of table manners from the less sophisticated medieval times to the highly cultured
Renaissance can be evidenced in depictions of ________________________, which would surely have
required handling with delicate care.

3 The rules of etiquette pertaining to the practice of taking afternoon tea required that tea should be drunk
________________________ and sandwiches and cake held in a certain way.

4 According to Mrs Beeton’s complex rules of etiquette, ________________________ had to be the first of the
dinner guests served and nobody should ask for a second serving of soup or fish.

© Pearson Central Europe Sp. z o.o. 2021 PHOTOCOPIABLE 13

 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 9 (based on Focus New Edition Student’s Book 5, Unit 5, p. 63, exercise 4)
Przeczytaj tekst. Uzupełnij luki 1– 4 w streszczeniu zgodnie z treścią tekstu. W każdą lukę można wpisać
maksymalnie cztery wyrazy.


Excerpts from a travel log:
Crossing Namibia on the Desert Express
Day 2
[…] Journeys on the Desert Express tend to be a bit out of the ordinary and this one is no exception, starting
with the train’s wildly inaccurate name. Like most sightseeing trains, it is not actually an express service.
On weekends, it trundles between the Namibian capital of Windhoek and its final destination, the old German
colonial seaside resort of Swakopmund on the Atlantic Ocean, passing through the Namib, and stopping along
the way for game drives, dune excursions and lionfeeding. On the face of it, the Namib is not the most inviting
place to build a railway. The San hunter-gatherers who once roamed its bone-dry gravel plains and shifting
sands called it ‘the land God made in anger’. Then along came German soldiers and settlers, who decided in
1897 it would be a good idea to lay a railway across it. In fact, they had little choice. At the time, there were no
roads worthy of the name and the only way of travelling through it was by ox wagon.
The railway station in Windhoek, where we start our journey, is in fact a survivor from these past days. […]
An hour into the journey, we spot a troop of baboons preening each other on a hillock. Then we see a flock of
vultures, wheeling in the sky like scraps of burned paper above a carcass in the bush. Next there are springbok
and kudu, then wildebeest and zebra, grazing in a private game reserve. […] Beside the tracks there are two
safari trucks waiting. We all pile in and bounce along dirt roads for a couple of hours. This is a disappointment.
Supposedly, there are white rhino and giraffe in the bush, but all we see are a few buck, two ostrich and a
family of donkeys. […]
Day 3
When I wake, we appear to have passed through a space-time continuum and landed on Mars. The hills, the
savannah, the camel thorns are gone. In their place is an endless flat nothingness of sand and rock, and in
the grey half-light of dawn it has a reddish tinge. The sense of an extra-terrestrial experience is heightened
by a line of yellow lights twinkling on the horizon, like a lone settlement on a hostile planet. This is the land the
Nama people call Namib, meaning ‘plain without end’. It stretches for more than 800 kilometres from north
to south, and 120 kilometres from the Skeleton Coast to the grasslands of the Kalahari. There is no shade
because there are no trees, and no rivers because there is no rain to speak of. […]
This strange place is now a tourist playground. Led by the train staff, we climb a massive dune. From the crest,
there is a view to the ocean, three miles distant, shrouded in fog created by the convergence of desert heat
and the icy Benguela Current. […] In days gone by, this was a place of death for mariners, their ships impaled
on reefs. […]

Summary
Aptly named ‘the land God made in anger’ by the San hunter-gatherers, the unforgiving Namib Desert can
be crossed by train from Namibia’s capital, Windhoek to Swakopmund on the Atlantic Ocean, an old colonial
resort established by Germans at the turn of 1 ________________________. It was also the Germans who had
built the railway connecting the two points, since prior to this the only way to traverse the desert was by ox
wagon.
An hour after the author’s departure from Windhoek on the Desert Express, a variety of animals were seen in
the wild, including primates, birds of prey and grazers. A tour by 2 ________________________, however, was
disappointing as it did not result in any sightings of white rhinos or giraffes.
Overnight, they crossed into the desert, and the only 3 ________________________ was far away on the
horizon. They had entered ‘a plain without end’, 800 kilometres long, from north to south, and 120 kilometres
across. The landscape changed and resembled a lifeless planet, without trees and rivers, made up only of
sand and rock.
Before reaching his destination, the author was taken 4 ________________________, from which he had
a foggy view of the Atlantic Ocean and the coast where seafarers had met their deaths due to the presence
of dangerous reefs.

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 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 10 (based on High Note Student’s Book 5, Unit 5, p. 72, exercises 1–3)
Przeczytaj tekst. Uzupełnij zdania 1–4 zgodnie z treścią tekstu. W każdą lukę można wpisać
maksymalnie pięć wyrazów.

Memorisation of facts and figures is useless

for the ‘Google generation’.
Being able to look up facts and figures Naturally, we all have access to a calculator
instantly online, it is debatable whether it is on our phones these days, but do we really
still necessary for students to learn information want to be so utterly dependent on technology?
by heart. However, I believe that there are We should be able to do basic maths unaided,
substantial benefits to memorising key facts. and we ought to have at least a rudimentary
knowledge of world history and science.
Those who would agree that memorisation
is now an outmoded skill would contend that There is also an argument that we need to
the time teachers spend drumming information continue to use our capacity to memorise or it
into their students could be better employed in is likely to atrophy. The brain is quick to adapt
teaching them how to think. It is certainly to the new normal and discard any skills it
a practical approach as this way students learn perceives as unnecessary.
how to interpret and apply the knowledge. In conclusion, while it is of course
This critical thinking skill comes in handy important to leave room in the curriculum for
when looking for a job as it is now highly developing creativity and thinking skills, it is
valued by employers, leading to an overall ultimately vital that we continue to memorise.
greater emphasis on such skills within the I would therefore argue that we need to retain
field of education. both: our ability to do so and our ability to
On the other hand, having spent a great deal function without being reliant on technology.
of time learning my times tables as a child,
I am now able to easily do simple sums in my
head, and I greatly value that ability.

1 It is suggested by the author that the ease with which we can seek out and find information online may
lead to discussion about whether ________________________ is of any use.

2 The ability to think critically could be considered a ________________________ than memorisation, as it

involves interpretation and application of knowledge.

3 The author believes we should avoid ________________________, whether for something as non-
challenging as simple sums or the basic facts of world history and science.

4 Unless we continue to memorise, we will ________________________ to do so since the human brain will
consider that particular skill no longer necessary.

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 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 11 3 (based on Focus Second Edition Student’s Book 5, Unit 6, p. 76, exercise 2)
Usłyszysz dwukrotnie program radiowy na temat performance poetry. Na podstawie informacji
zawartych w nagraniu uzupełnij luki 1– 4. W każdą lukę można wpisać maksymalnie trzy wyrazy.

Subject: Performance Poetry

Ancient Greece
- pre-literate societies
- epic poems, e.g. The Odyssey by Homer
- poetry – recited to music
- poet-singer, public – a group of listeners
- topic areas: feelings and emotions/the opposites (e.g. love, grief, loss; war, peace)
or 1 _________________________

15th century
- invention of 2 _________________________
- poet-writer, public – solitary reader

20th century in the US

1950s – The Beat Movement
- a Beat poet – Alan Ginsberg
- poetry – spoken-word performances in public spaces

1980s – ‘Open mic’ nights – unknown poets performing on stage

- ‘poetry slams’ – poets’ performances within a given 3 _________________________
evaluated by a set of judges

1970s &1980s
- urban unrest resulting in rap and hip hop
- non-traditional poets showcasing their skills

Today
- huge popularity of performance poetry
- contemporary performance poets – to be found on various
4 _________________________.

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TASK 12 4 (based on High Note Workbook 5, Unit 6, p. 70, exercises 1–2)

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie rozmowę na temat zmysłu słuchu u zwierząt. Na podstawie informacji zawartych
w nagraniu uzupełnij zdania 1– 4. W każdą lukę można wpisać maksymalnie pięć wyrazów.

1 The sensitivity of a dog’s hearing is outdone by that of the domestic cat, whose ability to hear high
frequency sounds as ________________________ is quite extraordinary.

2 Elephants can communicate their location to other elephants over long distances by
________________________ and thus creating vibrations that are sensed by nerves in the feet of other
elephants.

3 Contrary to popular belief, bats are not completely blind and can pick up differences between
________________________, an ability which is of particular benefit to nocturnal creatures.

4 Ships’ sonar systems and the calls used by whales to communicate with each other have been believed
to share ________________________, resulting in disrupted communication, distress and even the death
of whales.

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MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 12 4 (based on High Note Workbook 5, Unit 6, p. 70, exercises 1–2)

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie rozmowę na temat zmysłu słuchu u zwierząt. Na podstawie informacji zawartych
w nagraniu uzupełnij zdania 1– 4. W każdą lukę można wpisać maksymalnie pięć wyrazów.

1 The sensitivity of a dog’s hearing is outdone by that of the domestic cat, whose ability to hear high
frequency sounds as ________________________ is quite extraordinary.

2 Elephants can communicate their location to other elephants over long distances by
________________________ and thus creating vibrations that are sensed by nerves in the feet of other
elephants.

3 Contrary to popular belief, bats are not completely blind and can pick up differences between
________________________, an ability which is of particular benefit to nocturnal creatures.

4 Ships’ sonar systems and the calls used by whales to communicate with each other have been believed
to share ________________________, resulting in disrupted communication, distress and even the death
of whales.

© Pearson Central Europe Sp. z o.o. 2021 PHOTOCOPIABLE 17

 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 13 5 (based on Focus Second Edition Student’s Book 5, Unit 7, p. 93, exercises 2–3)
Usłyszysz dwukrotnie wypowiedź na temat kariery w mediach społecznościowych. Na podstawie
informacji zawartych w nagraniu uzupełnij zdania 1– 4. W każdą lukę można wpisać maksymalnie pięć
wyrazów.

1 The proof that fame and wealth can be achieved through hosting video blogs is evident in the growing
number of ________________________.

2 Although some people have become big stars after ________________________ online, the most popular
music videos are professional productions for established stars.

3 Outstanding personalities and a unique approach to viewers can open doors to other forms of success,
such as creating a ________________________ name on it or putting in an appearance as a guest star on
a TV show.

4 Not all vlogging is of a personal nature, as can be seen in the number of ________________________
produced by large companies.

© Pearson Central Europe Sp. z o.o. 2021 PHOTOCOPIABLE

MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 13 5 (based on Focus Second Edition Student’s Book 5, Unit 7, p. 93, exercises 2–3)
Usłyszysz dwukrotnie wypowiedź na temat kariery w mediach społecznościowych. Na podstawie
informacji zawartych w nagraniu uzupełnij zdania 1– 4. W każdą lukę można wpisać maksymalnie pięć
wyrazów.

1 The proof that fame and wealth can be achieved through hosting video blogs is evident in the growing
number of ________________________.

2 Although some people have become big stars after ________________________ online, the most popular
music videos are professional productions for established stars.

3 Outstanding personalities and a unique approach to viewers can open doors to other forms of success,
such as creating a ________________________ name on it or putting in an appearance as a guest star on
a TV show.

4 Not all vlogging is of a personal nature, as can be seen in the number of ________________________
produced by large companies.

18 © Pearson Central Europe Sp. z o.o. 2021 PHOTOCOPIABLE

 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 14 6 ((based on High Note Student’s Book 5, Unit 7, p. 96, exercise 2)

Usłyszysz dwukrotnie prezentację na temat pracy i twórczości Henri’ego Rousseau. Na podstawie
informacji zawartych w nagraniu uzupełnij luki 1– 4. W każdą lukę można wpisać maksymalnie pięć
wyrazów.

Subject: Henri Rousseau – an artist with great imagination

His works:
Paintings’ settings: at night, during a dark storm, in the jungle (although he never left France)
Paintings’ quality: dreamlike
Examples:
(1) Carnival evening (a couple in carnival costumes against a bleak wintry forest)
(2) The Sleeping Gypsy (recalls 1 _________________________ – the gypsy lying in the
moonlight, while the lion approaches curiously)
(3) Tiger in a Tropical Storm (the first of his ‘jungle’ paintings – a snarling tiger appears
from the long grass during a wild storm)

Biodata:
1844 – born in Laval, northwest France, to a lower middle-class family
1861 – left school to begin work for a local lawyer; joined the army
1868 – left the army, relocated to Paris and found work 2 _________________________
(earning a nickname ‘Le Douanier’)
1893 – retired from his work

Career as an artist:
- inspired by the city’s botanical gardens
- naturally talented and 3 _________________________
- developed a unique style praised by Pissarro, Signac, Picasso and many other leading
artists
- longed to be accepted by the 4 _________________________
- exhibited annually with a group of independent artists
- never able to earn much money from his art

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 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 15 (based on Focus Second Edition Student’s Book 5, Unit 8, p. 115, exercise 9)
Przeczytaj tekst. Odpowiedz na pytania 1– 4 na str. 21 zgodnie z treścią tekstu.

[…] There is a real possibility for us to become one hundred percent dependent on
renewable sources of energy within our lifetimes. […] For example, did you know that Costa
Rica introduced petrol-electric hybrid cars in 2004, the fully electric car in 2009 and has
already achieved between ninety-five and ninety-nine percent carbon neutrality? How
have they done this? Well let’s look at the types of energy they’ve been converting to and
some facts and figures to show how much progress we are making worldwide in terms of
creating a cleaner, greener planet.

Let’s begin by looking at hydroelectric power. Now we all know that the planet is covered
in water. And unlike other sources of energy, this source is constantly available. Not only
is fast-running water able to generate lots of power by driving turbines but via the use of
purpose-built dams, power output can be regulated to meet demand. And thanks
to constant evaporation and precipitation it really is the ultimate renewable source.
It currently constitutes sixteen percent of global electricity produced and is forecast to rise
by a further 3.1 percent each year.

Solar power is also growing in popularity with more and more countries offering subsidies
to incentivise both companies and the general public to invest in solar panels. We can
harness this natural source not only to create electricity, but it can also be captured
efficiently to heat water and our homes. Unlike hydropower, however, this source is
not constant and is heavily reliant on such factors as location, time of day and weather
conditions. Transference of power can be costly, but it offers huge benefits such as
increasing a country’s energy security through a reliance on an inexhaustible and import-
independent resource.

Geothermal energy is provided by harvesting the heat of the earth’s core. Said to be over
6,000 degrees Celsius – which is actually hotter than the surface of the sun – it is estimated
that it can produce 50,000 times more power than fossil fuels can provide. Clearly
something we can expect to be utilised more in the future. In fact, since 2005, there has
been a twenty percent increase in global geothermal energy production – accounting for
a total of twenty-seven percent and thirty percent of all energy produced in the
Philippines and Iceland, respectively.

Finally, let us consider wind energy. Already we can see wind turbines gracefully capturing
the breeze and being turned into clean electricity by powerful generators. These can be
situated in almost any location, anywhere in the world with both on-land and offshore
turbines already generating over sixty times more gigawatts of energy than just ten years
ago. It is also the added benefit of boosting rural growth as power plants and transmission
lines are created to bring the energy into more populated areas. At present, as much as
forty percent of Denmark’s energy comes from wind power and it now accounts for four
percent of worldwide energy usage.

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 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

1 Explain the meaning of the phrase ‘carbon neutrality’ used in the first paragraph.

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2 In what way are hydroelectric power and solar power different in the eyes of the author?

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3 According to the author, are fossil fuels preferable to geothermal energy? Why?

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4 What benefits of wind power does the author present in the text?

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© Pearson Central Europe Sp. z o.o. 2021 PHOTOCOPIABLE 21

 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 16 (based on High Note Student’s Book 5, Unit 8, p. 112, exercises 4–5)
Przeczytaj tekst. Uzupełnij luki 1– 5 w streszczeniu zgodnie z treścią tekstu. W każdą lukę można wpisać
maksymalnie trzy wyrazy.

There is also plenty of evidence from the natural

What’s wrong world that you don’t have to enjoy going round in
with being a loner? a pack to survive, or even thrive. Take the Laysan
albatross, for example. When these birds fly for the
first time, they head off out to sea alone, where they
I’ve always enjoyed my own company. To be will stay for the next three to five years. They’re
honest, I like nothing better than curling up with not completely standoffish, though. Eventually,
a book, and not having to make the effort to engage something tells them that it’s time to find a partner
in small talk. It’s not exactly that I’m anti-social, and mate for life, even if they actually only meet up
I do get a kick out of seeing friends, but I’d be just once a year. In human terms, introverts may spend
fine stranded on a desert island in the middle of the a lot of time alone, but their relationships tend to be
Pacific Ocean. much more deep-rooted, and more enduring.
Sociability is very highly prized in our society Animals that like to stay together in a herd are
and sometimes it seems as if everyone wants to often those animals that feel most threatened, and
be seen as a gregarious party animal. Think about huddle together for safety. Larger predators, such
all those group photos that get posted online. But as polar bears, don’t feel the need to be social
research shows that being the life and soul of the butterflies. They’re just as happy on their lonesome
party may actually be overrated. Apparently, one of most of the time. In fact, they actively avoid each
the key personality features of highly artistic people other, probably because of the scarcity of available
is a lack of interest in socialising. Since ancient resources. Being a loner can make you very self-
times people have believed that isolation is essential sufficient.
for mental focus. Who knew, right? It may be that
artists need the time alone to reflect introspectively Of course, choosing to be a bit of a loner isn’t
on their experiences, and to learn about their inner the same thing at all as being lonely. We need
world, before transforming it into art. connections with others, even if we also like
our own space. Research in the UK found that
Another study found that managers who were loneliness can exacerbate your risk level for
more introverted were actually highly effective premature death, and prolonged solitude can
when managing more vivacious employees because even lead to hallucinations and mental instability.
they were more likely to listen to what their Being with others can also improve our immune
employees were telling them. So, loners can be system (though perhaps not if those others have
good team players, just not in the way you might a streaming cold). The world needs all different
have been expecting. kinds of people.

Summary
Recently I came across an intriguing post about the perks of being a loner. I found out that a lot of
1 ________________________ are likely to be loners – they need plenty of time, peace and quiet to think
carefully about their experiences as part of the creative process. Another interesting example comes from
the world of business. A study proved that introverts are often good at listening to what other people have to
say and therefore can make 2 ________________________. Looking for other positive aspects of being
a loner, the author of the post draws uplifting comparisons between humans and animals. He says that in
the animal world, for example, loners (like the Laysan albatross) often have 3 ________________________
with their mates, despite the relatively little time they spend together. We can also find loners among big
predators – like the polar bear. They can enjoy solitude as they don’t need protection of a herd to survive
or thrive. Nor do they need company on their hunting trails to share their prey with. The polar bear is an
example of a very 4 ________________________ loner. In the last paragraph of the post the author makes
a point of distinguishing voluntary solitude from loneliness and mentions the findings of some British
research. They suggest that lonely people may experience different kinds of mental problems and are
in greater danger of 5 ________________________, while being with others, on the other hand, may have
a positive influence on our immune system.

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 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 17 (based on High Note Student’s Book 5, Unit 9, p. 137, exercise 6)

Przeczytaj teksty A–D. Uzupełnij zdania 1–4 zgodnie z treścią tekstów. W każdą lukę można wpisać
maksymalnie osiem wyrazów.

Been there? Done that?

A Emily Stevens B David Nicholson
Researchers have identified various possible causes of There are several theories about déjà vu, but the most
déjà vu (pronounced day-zhaa voo, it’s French for ‘already convincing one involves familiarity. In this case, what the
seen’). At the most basic level, it can be triggered by a real brain is showing us is not a flashback, but a sense that
memory, even if it is one we are not consciously aware of. connects a present experience to something recognisable
Many details of our early lives are lost as we grow older. from our lives. This, in turn, provokes a feeling which we
In research that I have been studying, a number of three- perceive as a memory, even though it isn’t. As we age, we
year-olds were interviewed about a recent experience. have experienced so many things that it isn’t surprising
By the age of seven, the children could still recall about that some of them share similarities. Castles, for example,
sixty percent of those events but, within a further year may give us a feeling of déjà vu because they are often so
or two, the level of recall had dropped well below half, similar in design. In some cases, this sense of familiarity
which might indicate that the memories disappear. can even lead to premonition, the feeling of knowing
However, there have been cases where adults have what will happen next or what is awaiting us around
experienced a feeling of déjà vu and then subsequently the next corner. Sometimes, we may be proved correct,
found out that they had actually been to the same place although this is probably mere coincidence as research
as very young children. I believe that this indicates that suggests that people experiencing this feeling are, in fact,
our early childhood memories are never lost completely, no more likely to predict the future correctly than anyone
and it would appear logical to assume that we could all else.
experience this form of déjà vu at any time in our lives.

C Alison Rogers D Andrew Baker

Research into déjà vu shows that about seventy percent It’s fascinating to read the range of theories about déjà vu,
of people will experience it at some point in their lives. which apparently date back to the Ancient Greeks. There
However, from what I have read, it seems that there is are many convincing theories but none which have been
a tendency for this to occur earlier in life, during the totally proved. However, I feel that an interesting piece of
late teens and twenties, rather than later. In addition, research into how the brain works may give us a clue as
research indicates other factors which can contribute to the cause of déjà vu. In a test, the subjects were shown
to the experience. Those with higher education and postcards; half of them were presented while the subjects
frequent travellers also feel it more often than normal. were under hypnosis in which they were instructed to
In my opinion, the link between these groups is that they forget what they had seen. When all the postcards were
have a greater likelihood of suffering from tiredness or presented again, the people remembered the ones shown
stress. Déjà vu to my mind could be a kind of defence to them before the trance-like state. Apparently, they
mechanism in which the brain is trying to keep us alert couldn’t clearly recall the other ones, so the hypnosis
with the fascinating experience being a quick shock. clearly worked, but their minds weren’t a complete blank.
However, although the hypothesis is supported by some They felt a vague sense of familiarity when looking at
studies, others show no correlation between levels of the pictures. To me, this indicates that there could be
tiredness and the likelihood of experiencing déjà vu. memories locked away in our brain from different stages
Perhaps there are two different forms of déjà vu and it is in our lives that we can’t consciously access, but which
sometimes caused by a real memory, even if not of our perhaps could lead to us feeling a sense of déjà vu that
own experiences. For example, we may be remembering we can’t explain.
someone else’s holiday photos rather than a holiday we
once took ourselves.

1 According to Emily, our ability to recall experiences decreases ________________________, but those
memories are never lost completely and could be experienced as déjà vu later in our lives.

2 David believes that premonition arising from a sense of familiarity, may seem genuine, but is most
________________________, as has been shown by research into predictions about the future.

3 In Alison’s view, for those who have attained a higher level of education or who travel frequently, déjà vu
could act ________________________ to counter exhaustion or stress by increasing alertness.

4 Andrew refers to research conducted into the workings of the brain involving hypnosis, the results of
which lead him to believe that our brain ________________________ that can’t be consciously accessed
and which can lead to a feeling of déjà vu.

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 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5

TASK 18 (based on High Note Student’s Book 5, Unit 10, p. 142, exercises 1–2)
Przeczytaj wiadomość Oli do kolegi z klasy. Uzupełnij luki 1– 5 zgodnie z treścią tekstów A–D, tak aby
jak najprecyzyjniej oddać ich sens. Luki należy uzupełnić w języku polskim. W każdą lukę można wpisać
maksymalnie cztery wyrazy.

Text A Text B

WHAT DO KIDS TODAY
WANT TO BE? Jax28:
Top career aspirations for young people today by age group. I remember watching a TV courtroom
Age Job drama and deciding I wanted to be
1–3 ballerina/dancer 18.6% a defence lawyer – the one that always
musician/singer 14.3% found the real murderer in the end –
doctor 14% much more exciting than his counterpart
4–7 astronaut 9.8% – the prosecutor. But that faded at some
veterinarian 9.8% point. I didn’t really know what I wanted
doctor 7.5% to do after that, but I was absolutely
certain I didn’t want to be a teacher;
8–11 scientist 13.7%
all the stick the teachers get from the
veterinarian 9.8%
kids and standing up there every day –
artist 7.8%
oh no!
12–14 doctor 10.6%
It wasn’t until I finished uni that I felt
engineer 10.6%
teaching was my calling – I could make
scientist 9.1% a difference to my students’ lives.
15–17 engineer 12.5% So that’s what I am now – an English
teacher 10.7% teacher.
actor 7.1%
18 or older teacher 12.4%
writer/author 7.8%
doctor 7%

Text C


Taxman:
When I was young, I saw Cirque du Soleil in Las Vegas and I was totally blown away. I was in a gymnastics
club – so that was it. I was going to become an acrobat and join the circus. My parents were extremely
supportive of my choice (which hadn’t always been the case). But, needless to say, when I later realised the
amount of training it entailed, I switched ambitions and trained to be an accountant. My parents just said,
‘Whatever floats your boat, son.’ Sometimes I think I missed my vocation though …

Text D


Allegra:
A career in dance was on the cards from day one. I did a lot of street dancing in my early teens, but I was
apt to play down my talent. That’s until a teacher encouraged me to go to an arts training school. I did a lot
of singing, acting, mime and music, but my love was still dancing – and it’s now my career, and I’m loving it!
Shows you can realise your ambition if it’s something you’re passionate about.

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 MEDIACJE JĘZYKOWE bez tajemnic 5


From Ola
To Zbyszek ✩

Cześć,

zrobiłeś już ten projekt na angielski? Ja na razie znalazłam wykres obrazujący wyniki ankiety przeprowadzonej
wśród dzieci i młodzieży z podziałem na grupy co 3–4 lata. Ankietowani odpowiadali na pytanie, kim
chcieliby zostać w przyszłości. Najczęściej powtarzającym się zawodem jest 1 __________________.
Małe dzieci najczęściej wybierają zawody artystyczne. Z wiekiem zainteresowanie nimi znacząco spada.
Zaciekawiło mnie, że tylko jeden raz i to w młodszej grupie wiekowej pojawia się zawód: astronauta.
Potem już jakoś nie … Za to nauczycielem chcą zostać młodzi ludzie 2 __________________ życia.

Oprócz tego napisałam do moich znajomych z Anglii (Jaxa, Taxmana i Allegry) i poprosiłam ich
o podzielenie się ze mną ich „zawodowymi marzeniami”. I tak, Jax po obejrzeniu telewizyjnego dramatu
sądowego koniecznie chciał być adwokatem. Natomiast długo nie wyobrażał sobie siebie w roli
nauczyciela – tego stania cały dzień przed uczniami ze świadomością, że jest się 3 __________________.
To, że bycie nauczycielem jest jego powołaniem odkrył dopiero po ukończeniu studiów. Właściwie Jax
potwierdza wyniki badań przedstawione na grafice. Taxman z kolei w dzieciństwie – pod wpływem
obejrzanego występu Cirque du Solei – marzył o zostaniu akrobatą w tymże cyrku. Kiedy zorientował się,
ile 4 __________________, porzucił to marzenie i został księgowym. Przyznał jednak, że rodzice bardzo go
wspierali w każdym jego wyborze. Allegra tańczyła od zawsze, zwłaszcza street dance, ale gdyby nie
5 __________________, mogłaby zaprzepaścić swój talent. A tak, poszła do szkoły artystycznej, gdzie tylko
utwierdziła się w przekonaniu, że taniec jest jej pasją – a stał się także zawodem.

Zastanawiam się, jak te wszystkie dane i informacje wykorzystać w projekcie, żeby był inspiracją
do realizacji naszych marzeń.

Zbyszku, daj mi znać, gdybyś wpadł na jakiś pomysł.

Dzięki 

Ola

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