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Functional Groups

The document provides a list of organic functional groups along with their IUPAC names, common names, and examples. It categorizes compounds into groups such as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, haloalkanes, alcohols, amines, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides. Each group includes the general formula and a specific example for clarity.

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228 views1 page

Functional Groups

The document provides a list of organic functional groups along with their IUPAC names, common names, and examples. It categorizes compounds into groups such as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, haloalkanes, alcohols, amines, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides. Each group includes the general formula and a specific example for clarity.

Uploaded by

afzal0026
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Organic Functional Group List

Functional IUPAC Name


Compound Prefix/Suffix Example
Group (Common Name)
R-H alkane -ane CH3CH3 ethane

C C alkene -ene H2C=CH2 ethene (ethylene)

C C alkyne -yne HC≡CH ethyne (acetylene)

R-X haloalkane halo- CH3Cl chloromethane


-ol
R-OH alcohol CH3OH methanol
(hydroxy-)
-amine ethylamine
R-NH2 amine CH3CH2NH2
(amino-) aminoethane
ether
R-O-R ether CH3OCH3 dimethyl ether
(alkoxy-)
O O ethanal
C aldehyde -al
R H CH3CH (acetaldeyde)
O O propanone
C ketone -one
R R CH3CCH3 (acetone)
O
O ethanoic acid
R C carboxylic acid -oic acid
O H
CH3COH (acetic acid)
O
O methyl ethanoate
R C ester -oate
O R CH3COCH3 (methyl acetate)
O
O ethanamide
R C amide -amide
NH2 CH3CNH2 (acetamide)
R = alkyl group, an unfunctionalized saturated chain; X = halogen

Organic Common Names


H H O
O
ethylene C C formaldehyde acetaldehyde CH3CH
HCH
H H
O O
acetylene H C C H formic acid acetic acid CH3COH
HCOH
O
benzene phenol OH acetone CH3CCH3
O
toluene aniline NH2 benzaldehyde CH

O
xylene styrene benzoic acid COH

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