Academic year: 2008-

2009

Final internship report

of studies

Made by: RAMACH Hanane

Internship carried out within: the agency
of Real Estate and Hotel Credit
CIH, Rabat Agdal
Academic year: 2008-2009
 SUMMARY

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Presentation of the CIH

1.2 Identification sheet ……………………………………………………………………………………..

1.3 History

1.4 Organizational Chart

2 INTERNSHIP PROGRESSION……………………………………………………………………………..

Presentation of the mission…………………………………………………………………………………..

a)ANALYSES AND COMMENTS ...
b)IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS
c)PROPOSAL OF APPROPRIATE SOLUTIONS...

3 REMARKS AND PERSONAL PERSPECTIVES ...

4 THE DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED AND SKILLS DEVELOPED ...

5CONCLUSION.…………………………………………………………………………………………….

6 ANNEXES .………………………………………………………………………………….

11
 INTRODUCTION

The CIH "Real Estate and Hotel Credit" operates in a banking sector that has recorded
a remarkable evolution, since the implementation of significant structural reforms in
the early 90s, which aimed to modernize the Moroccan financial system as a whole
by gradually addressing its disabilities, with the aim of enabling it to better fulfill its
function of resource mobilization and adapting its structures and its modes of
functioning according to the requirements of international openness.

This period saw a remarkable development in deposits and loans,

the extension of electronic money has seen a significant increase in ATMs and openings
bank accounts and the development of international operations.

On one hand, as part of my commercial training, I chose to complete my

end-of-study internship within a bank agency to consolidate my training
professional and the CIH aligns with my goals.

On the other hand, the choice of CIH for my internship was not entirely arbitrary, because
I am very interested in the banking field which I would like to pursue my career in.
the fierce competition among other peers, CIH strengthens its lead through its knowledge.
conduct marketing, its capacity for innovation, the skill of its human resources and the
modernization continues of its production tool, in order to finally maintain its market share
This is becoming increasingly difficult given the recent events of the banking crisis.

I undertook to prepare this report in order to better understand the different parts of my
internship, it seems to me first necessary to present the company that welcomed me during this
the stage and the environment in which it evolves before analyzing the stages of my mission.

11
 PRESENTATION OF CIH

The CIH 'Real Estate and Hotel Credit' is the quintessential family bank and the
an essential partner for real estate developers, as it operates in a banking sector
who has marked a significant evolution, given his efforts to modernize the system
Moroccan financier to engage on his resource mobilization function and to adapt
structures and their modes of operation to the requirements of international openness.

It is the leading Moroccan bank in real estate financing and

of tourism. It is also a large deposit and credit bank, a universal bank.1
offering all banking services. It is for this purpose that CIH has developed adapted products
to its clientele, composed of individuals and companies.

In the banking sector, the reform has resulted in the breaking down of barriers in the sector and the
generalization of the universal bank, the liberalization of credit interest rates from
1985 and lending rates starting from 1990 as well as the deregulation of banking activity
which materialized through the lifting of credit restrictions in 1991 and the abolition of
mandatory jobs between 1992 and 1998.

The first overhaul of the banking law carried out in 1993 consolidated the orientation of
liberalization of the sector, leading banks to make available to their clients
new products and adopting new credit techniques inspired by those in force
on the international level.

Alongside the modernization of the banking system, the public authorities have carried out
the renovation of capital markets through the implementation of a series of reforms that have
resulted in the emergence of a money market and a complete overhaul of the institutional framework
governing the financial market.

1
A universal bank, which conducts both customer activities and market activities, has a structure
balance sheet characterized by a relative equilibrium between customer operations, interbank operations and
operations on securities (the relative share of each of these three components, however, varies according to the establishments but
also depending on the deadlines, the volume of interbank transactions and securities transactions being likely to
know strong variations).
Moreover, off-balance sheet items appear to be developed, particularly regarding financing commitments and the
engagements on derivative financial instruments.
.

11
 These reforms, introduced gradually, aimed to evolve the financial system.
as a whole to support an increasingly open economy, and have translated
through significant growth in sector indicators, market consolidation and a
significant expansion of the offer.

In many emerging countries, the liberalization of the financial sector has

accompanied by a weakening of certain credit institutions, even of the banking system
as a whole. In order to mitigate such a risk, the monetary authorities have implemented a
strict prudential regulation, inspired by international standards in this area
(minimum capital, solvency ratio, liquidity and risk division coefficients,
methods of classification and provisioning of overdue receivables, etc.).

This system was recently supplemented by the alignment of accounting for

banking institutions (PCEC) on international standards and by the establishment of rules
of audit and internal control aimed at providing more information, and thus holding accountable, the bodies
leaders of the said establishments.

In another context, the CIH also acts as a major player in the

financing of the housing sector in Morocco, a sector presenting socio-economic challenges
crucial economic issues. These challenges are manifested by the strong will of the public authorities to
to make it a national priority.

The housing sector is characterized by significant growth potential that

can be measured against the housing deficit estimated at over 90,000 per year, of the insufficiency
of the offer accessible to low-income households and the significant mismatch between supply and
the demand for housing.

Like the other CIH agencies, the one in RABAT AGDAL should participate
effectively both in improving the economic and social situation of the company and to
the satisfaction of consumer needs for various banking products and services. The agency
CIH consists of three main departments: the customer reception service that handles the
administrative functions and processing of client files and the operations service (counter and
box.

11
 CIH
-RABAT AGDAL-

The administration Customer Service Representative Operating service

The commercial agency:

Among the 11 commercial agencies of CIH, the RABAT AGDAL agency is

a true distribution network. because it is directly linked to the existing CIH headquarters at
Casablanca which constitutes a permanent follow-up and a resilience to deliver its
products and services to different areas, in order to control the distribution of the different
products and achieve the desired objectives in the end.

11
 IDENTIFICATION SHEET

Company name Real Estate and Hotel Credit S.A.

Head office 187, Hassan II Avenue. Casablanca 20 000

Telephone (212) 0522 47 90 00 / 0522 47 91 11

Fax (212) 0522 47 93 63 / 0522 22 37 48 / 0522 20 84 25

Website [Link]

Public limited company under Moroccan law governed by the provisions

Legal form
from law no. 17-95 enacted by Dahir no. 1-96-124 of the 30th
August 1996 relating to public limited companies.

Date of incorporation May 26, 1920

Lifespan 99 years

Registry Number of No. 203 - Casablanca

Commerce
Of the 1erJanuary to December 31
Social exercise

The company has the purpose, in accordance with the regulations in

validity (article 2 of the statutes):
- the granting of short, medium and long-term loans
term;
- commitments by signature ;
- the collection of the necessary resources for
the execution of its operations, in addition
the funds deposited by its clientele,
through the issuance of securities
short, medium or long-term receivables;
- the provision of the clientele of
all means of payment or their
Corporate purpose management
- any rental operation associated with
of a purchase option;
- any factoring operation;
- all operations on gold, metals
precious and coins;
- any placement operation of
subscription, purchase, management, of
guard and sale concerning
securities or any product
financier.

Share capital as of 31-12- 2,182,336,300 DHS

07

11
 HISTORY OF CIH
The history of CIH can be presented according to the most significant dates it has known:

o1920:Creation of the CIH, known at the time under the name of 'CAISSE'

MOROCCO MORTGAGE LOANS (CPIM)

o1967The CPIM changes its name and becomes the "CREDIT"

REAL ESTATE AND HOTELIER "(CIH) following the expansion of its activity to the sector

Hotelier. During the same year, the CIH went public with a stake in the

CDG at 65% of its share capital,

o1982The process of granting loans for housing, that is to say to

individuals are developing,

o1986Transformation of the central bank into a deposit bank as part of the

liberalization of banking activity: start of permits to receive public deposits and

to carry out banking operations,

o1987 :Decentralization of financial transaction entry (automation

at the agency level),

o1988Opening of counters for banking operations,

o2002Launch of the first securitization operation in Morocco, concerning

a volume of 500 MDH of mortgage receivables. Adoption of the 'refinancing' plan for

indebtedness through a conversion of costly debt allowing for a reduction

substantial cost of resources,

oAugust 2004:Re-centering of CIH on its core business: financing

real estate,

11
 o2006The Caisse d'Epargne Group joins the funding round of Massira Capital

Management, principal shareholder of CIH, held at 65% by the Deposit Fund

and 35% by the GCE.

o 2007Change of duCIHen Public Limited Company to Board of Directors and Council

Surveillance.

o2008 :

o2009 :

1- Main shareholders of CIH as of July 6, 2007:

A leading shareholder structure including major economic partners: Caisse

of Deposit and Management, Savings Banks, RMA Wataniya, Sanad, Atlanta.

MASSIRA CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 67.0%

STOCK EXCHANGE 19.0%
RMAWATANIA 5.0%
ATLANTA 5.0%
SANAD 5.0%
CDG 2.0%
TOTAL 100%

11
 ORGANIGRAM OF CIH

Main Directors of the New Organization

The first hierarchical level of the bank is ensured by the President of

Directorate that ensures the proper functioning of all activities and structures
of the Institution and ensures its planning and strategic management.

The two other members of the Board, who hold the rank of General Directors,
have the responsibility to lead each of the operational entities in a
defined area of expertise.

Harmonize the procedures and processes through involvement

the entire hierarchy in the implementation of objectives and
bank orientations.

ORGANIZATIONAL IMPLICATIONS:

Entities Attached to the Chairman of the Management Board:

General Affairs Department composed of the:

Collection Management;
Legal Support Department;
Hotel Operations Management
Hotel Management Direction
Department of Heritage Outside Exploitation and Other Participations.

Management of the Adit and General Inspection composed of:

. General Inspection Division;
. General Risk Supervision Division.

Management of Structuring Projects

Direction of Communication and Public Relations;
Secretariat of the Executive Board, Councils and Committee.

Entities, Reporting to the Chief Executive Officer in charge of Development and

of the Exploitation:

Commercial Hub, composed of:

Retail Market Management;
Department of Real Estate Promotion;
Other Markets Department.

Marketing Management
Commercial Operations Management
Commercial Division Animation
Preventive Recovery Division

Entities, Reporting to the General Director in charge of Finance, Risks

and Resources:
11
Support and Logistics Pole, consisting of the:

Information System Management

Direction Administration of Customer Services
Division Organization and Reengineering
Information System Security Division

Administration Pole made up of the :

Human Resources Department

General Resources Management
Social Action Division
Work Productivity Division

Risk Management and Internal Control Unit composed of the:

Credit Commitment and Risk Management Department

General Control Directorate

Finance Pole composed of the:

Ensure the reliability of the Bank's accounts and ensure the production of reports.
legal, regulatory within the stipulated deadlines;
Ensure the monitoring of accounts and oversee the clearance of suspense items;
Ensure budgetary accounting and monitor compliance with the established ceilings for
each center of responsibility;
Ensure the compliance of the Bank's accounting with the standards.
vigor
Ensure the Bank's compliance with tax matters and monitor its optimization.

11
 INTERNSHIP PROGRESS

Service immobilization and overhead costs:

Objective: to master the reality of the bank's assets (non-financial fixed assets)
quickly understand one's commitments (overhead costs).

Responsibility: justification of all financial fixed asset operations of general expenses.

Banking operations department:

Objectives: to conduct a second-level control of accounting operations related to banking operations.

monitoring and analyzing the explanations of the assets and liabilities of the balance sheet and
accounts of income and expenses from the operating account and "off-balance" commitments.
The various operational services of the bank are responsible for the justification of the
balance of accounts and financial flows (account movements) for which they are responsible at first
level.

State Accounting Service:

Objectives: to monitor all operations related to the State.

Responsibility: ensure the monitoring and completeness of operations with the State and produce in the
delay all regulatory states.

Operational procedures:
- classification of receivables
- account lettering (G accounts)
- budget expenditures
- regulatory reporting Bank Al Maghreb (in progress)
- accounts statement (in the process of finalization)
- SECOM application (input and validation of accounting operations)

Market Activities Direction

23 Like all banks, financing companies, or businesses dealing with operations of
market, leCIH has a trading room.

The trading room, also known as a 'market bank', is a place that brings together various
specialized services that enable various stakeholders to intervene in the capital markets
international
 C.I.H. has developed a selection of products tailored to the needs of its clientele.
Individuals, Businesses, Professionals, and Moroccans Living Abroad.

The CIH offer "Products for Individuals, Moroccans Residing Abroad" includes 12 Families.
classified into 5 ranges:

1-Services
Non-interest-bearing deposit accounts
Interest-bearing deposit accounts
Transfers and related services
Transfers

2-Savings
Fixed rate bank savings
Collective Savings at Variable Rate
Financial Placements

3-Credits
Personal loans Short and medium term
Medium and long-term real estate loans

4-Monetics
Withdrawal cards
Express Menu
Withdrawal and payment cards
Visa Classic Card
Visa Card
Maestro Digitalis Card
Menu of the Day
Moussafir Card
Saphyr Card

5-Bancassurance & Assistance

Bancassurance
oAssistance

The CIH offer "Products for Professionals" (adapted to the nature of their professional activity)

oPayment by card
o Acquisition of a new commercial premises
oPersonal project loan
o Youth Promoter Credit
oDiscovered

The CIH offer 'Products for Businesses':

1- Credits
23 Products for all sectors of activity

o Real estate development

oCrédiloge Manzili for your future buyers
oTourist promotion
oReal estate credits
oAll sectors
oInternational
oConventional loans
 2- Placements

oShort-term placements
Investments in the stock market

1. The 'business' modules

Such as loan management, payment method management, and electronic payments, which is brought
to provide essentially two types of information in a standardized form:

banking events described with their characteristics, such as the unlocking of a

ready, the payment of a due date, the cash payment, ...

inventory states for the 'business' modules that manage work-in-progress stocks
(loans, borrowings, securities, guarantees, pensions, ...). The support is generally provided in
a standardized format called CRI (Inventory Report).

These inventory statements allow, in particular, to justify or allocate a balance.

accountant

This level consists of major modules representing the core of the bank's activity:

2. An 'agency' module (Top Bank software)

23
This module allows for the processing of classic bank counter operations (withdrawal, deposit,
…).
the accounting at the agency level (following the management rules implemented in the
software) of the operations performed,
 Top Bank imposes a management of client account positions in branches that requires
a daily synchronization with the 'accounts' database of the headquarters that serves as a reference.

Automatic data acquisition

The module receives, from the central site:

the entries to be integrated into the 'agency' accounting from outsourced operations
(example: purchases "credit card")
the dated balances of the accounts, general and customer, to perform a synchronization
daily

Attribute management
The attributes related to customers and accounts are managed at the local branch database level.

Tables
Files "reflections" of:
clients ;
accounts;
Addresses are implanted in the Top Bank system.

3. A 'loans' module (TOKOS software, from the company

ABOVE),

This module manages the stages of the life of a granted loan.

However, all the decision-making part, around the loan itself, has been shifted to some
peripheral modules:
in the software 'agency' (Top-Bank),
for the phase 'loan construction',
23 for the phase "response to the deadline (payment or to be written off)"

for the phase "total or partial early repayment"

in a module on the central site ('committee base'),
for the 'agreement or refusal' phase,
 for the phase dealing with official organizations for state participation
(rebates) or for loans granted to civil servants.

Automatic data acquisition

entry and validation of the file
Committee decision,

realization
unlocking
unpaid bill at the agency,
early total or partial repayment.

The payment visa application is powered by Interbank Direct Debits (IDD)

generated on the due dates by TOKOS.

Treatments
The preparation of the file

The files are processed in the agency (except for large branch loans (GP) which are
directly entered into Tokos).
The information from the agency instruction (setup, committee agreement, execution and
Unlocks are communicated to Tokos interfaces.

The Tokos interfaces;

provide information to the Committee by accessing the client database to complete its information,

communicate to Tokos the data resulting from the Committee agreement, the execution of the loan and
unblocking,

23
The Tokos application;
calculate and edit the amortization schedules,
calculate the amount of insurance to be refunded
edit the management statements and prepare the inventory reports.
 The settlement of deadlines

Tokos generates interbank direct debits (IDB),

The "Payment Visa" modules, positioned in the agency or at the headquarters depending on
positioning of the customer account associated with the payer account, proceed with the payment or to
setting the maturity into default.
The interfaces produce the reminder letters

Early repayments
Early repayments, whether partial or total, are processed at the agency.
The information is communicated to Tokos, which proceeds to update its databases (recalculates
plans, ...).
When the last payment is made, Tokos proceeds to issue the loan closure letters.

Attribute management
The regulatory attributes 'eligibility, guarantee, type of financed property, initial duration, credit
"on allocated resources and consolidated credit" are impacted by the review phase of
files.

The payment of a loan installment impacts the regulatory attributes 'new

resource, remaining duration and seniority of unpaid debts.

The early repayment also impacts the regulatory attributes "new"

resource and residual duration.

Tables
23 The interfaces access the client database and manage the committee database and the BDI information center.

The Tokos application also accesses the customer database and manages its own tables (files,
parameters, deadlines (overdue, unpaid).
 An insurance management module

Automatic data acquisition

This application exploits the information
from the "Committee base"

of the loan file completed in the month.

Monthly treatments
The insurance application calculates the amounts to be paid back to the insurer based on the
loan application achievements of the month.

At the end of each month, the module generates a proof of contributions to be paid to the insurer.
who declines the payments due under life insurance and the payments related to the
contributions on pledges on materials.
It also generates an event report to credit the general account of
reimbursements to the insurer.

The CIH reverses the premium to the insurer, outside of application, using an 'accounting ticket.'
(various operations).

Tables
The application 'Insurance' operates:
the information from the committee database,

the file of loans granted produced by TOKOS.

4. A module for managing due date payments

Moroccan Postal Service

23

Automatic data acquisition

The application receives the file of loan repayments made in cash at the counters of the
The Weather of Morocco.
 Monthly treatments
The application processes the payments for the due dates of loan files, which are already
settled in cash by CIH customers at the Barid al Maghrib counters. The BAM
receives a commission of 6 Dhs for this purpose.
To this effect, the CIH borrower uses a personal card, which indicates their file number.
as well as the information related to the loan due date.

Barid al Maghrib daily transmits the settlement file by teletransmission.

at the Real Estate and Hotel Credit, this file contains:
the file number,
the amount and the value date of the payment.

Barid al Maghrib credits the amount of the installments to the CIH account.
Upon receipt of the funds, the application manager launches the module that produces, properly
date value, the credit entries on the payer accounts associated with the loan files.

The application also allows for recycling optical reading errors at the level of
cards.

Attribute management
The payment of a loan installment affects the regulatory attribute 'New'
resources.

Tables
The Barid application exploits:
a correspondence table 'Loan file/client account'
a movement base with the recycling of anomalies.
23

Dormant customer accounts, accounts with an insignificant balance, are ignored by the
treatments of the module.
 Accounts created solely to open a loan file in TOKOS are also
not processed by the Evolan module.

The application also generates overdraft fees and prepares interest scales when the
the client has subscribed to the corresponding service.

In addition, an ad hoc transaction allows for the modification of specific customer conditions.

5. A commission processing module

Automatic data acquisition

The processing of client account commissions is not triggered by receipt.
of a file, indeed the application directly uses the accounts and data from the
accounting.

Quarterly treatments
The application calculates the commissions due for each account based on:
conditions associated with each product code,
specific conditions related to clients.

Dormant customer accounts, accounts with low balances, are ignored by the
module treatments.
Accounts created solely to open a loan file in TOKOS are also
not processed by the commission module.

Tables
23
The 'Commissions' module exploits:
the file of conditions by product codes,
the file of specific client conditions,
the list of clients who subscribed to the interest scale publication service,
the basis of the accounts.
 6. A transfer processing module

Automatic data acquisition

The application receives information related to the salary transfers of civil servants.
by magnetic support.

Treatments
The domiciliation declaration
The civil servants are requesting the payment of their salary to be deposited into their account at the Crédit.

Real Estate and Hospitality.

For this purpose, the official:

submit a request to his CIH agency, providing his registration number and his number
employer service, this data is entered into the application,
provides his bank account details to his employer.

The salary transfers

The CIH receives the list of salary transfers made, by magnetic support.
The "DRPP Transfers" application checks the consistency between account numbers, the
registration numbers and service numbers indicated in the magnetic support.

The anomalies generated by these controls are subject to a recycling procedure.

To this end, the user has a transaction in the application to consult and correct.
these anomalies.

7. A payment processing module

23
Automatic data acquisition
The payment server is powered by compensation files and opposition files.
exchanged with the CMI.
 Treatments
The POWERCARDS application manages:
the ATM withdrawals of CIH clients at CIH ATMs,
ATM withdrawals by non-CIH cardholders at CIH ATMs, the corresponding flows are directed
towards CMI,

the ATM withdrawals of CIH clients received from colleagues via CMI,

merchant payments, all received via CMI,

the commercial regulations,
the oppositions via CMI.

The application also generates the billing of contributions for CIH holders on the date
anniversary of each bearer contract.

8. A payroll processing module (HR Access)

Automatic data acquisition

No data from another system feeds this module.

Treatments
The module allows for managing employee payroll while also taking events into account.
annexes such as:
regularization of salary advances
reimbursement of expenses

Attribute management
This application supports the management of the regulatory attribute 'O-Related Link'
for the classification of executives and employees exercising effective responsibilities.
23
Tables
A link exists with the 'accounts' database at headquarters: when entering an account number for
For an employee, the existence of this account is verified.
 9. A securitization processing module

Automatic data acquisition

Information is entered in each file to identify the loans that are the subject of a
securitization.

Treatments
The selected files are subject to identification (FCT) in the TOKOS application during
their retrocessions to the common fund. This identification allows for isolating the files.
submissions of other files in event reports.

The fund will transfer the amount of the outstanding balances of the securitized loans to CIH.

In return, the CIH will pay a management fee and an interest differential to the fund.
commun.

In the event of a buyback by the CIH, these files will be marked down and their outstanding amounts will no longer be

isolated in the CIH information system.

Reports of Inventories (CRI) will convey information related to securitization.

towards synthesis systems.

Type of accounting restitution

TOKOS generates Event Reports (ER completion, unlocking, due date,
unpaid, reimbursements) by indicating in these CRE the files that have been the subject of a
securitization.
23
The accounting schemes are duplicated for this purpose to separate the balances (outstanding,
unpaid, ..) files that have been subject to securitization.

The amounts of the retroceded balances to the Common Fund are credited to the general accounts.
the CIH by accounting ticket based on the Inventory Reports.
 The amounts of commissions and interest differentials are debited by accounting ticket.

23
Organisation

Human resources
Effective:

The workforce assigned to the agency network in 2007 represents 55% of the total workforce, or 772.
collaborators. This upward trend is the result of the implementation of the process
of redeployment of staff from headquarters to the agencies. The objective is to instill a
new dynamism for improving the activity indicators of the network and responding
the growing needs for human resources following the opening of new offices, namely
121 agencies in 2007.

Social policy
The staff of the CIH receives compensation in accordance with the applicable legislation.
notably paid annual leave, health insurance, death, disability, accident insurance
work and affiliation to the CNSS. The company also guarantees CIMR affiliation to its
employees matched with performance bonuses and profit sharing.

Appreciation system
CIH has initiated several actions aimed at optimizing the management of its
human resources.
This is how an assessment system was established, promoting both for the manager
that for the collaborators:
better management of potentials, skills, and careers;
a needs assessment for training;
a regular relay of human resources information
by management.

Formation
Establishment of a training system focused on enhancing knowledge in
subjects of trades, commercial and managerial behavior.
The programs implemented allowed employees to benefit from training activities.
focusing on banking techniques and the business approach, in order to optimize
skills and improve the qualification level of staff for better
productivity.

I - Credit risk
1 - Evolution of mortgage credit
The real estate sector has experienced significant growth in recent years under:
the combined impetus of public authorities' actions
of a credit offer policy more suited to the needs of the
clientele.
In this context, banks have significantly increased their support for this sector.
and engage in quite fierce competition to satisfy a growing demand for the
households. This evolution attests to the diversification of the portfolio and targeting of
new categories of low-income population.

1.1 – Acceleration of mortgage credit growth

The surge in housing loans is attributed to a growing demand from households. This
would be explained by a catch-up effect and by the improvement of incomes. And as a result:
The total amount of mortgage loans has 2increased by 33% (28% at the end of 2006) to 107 billion.
of dirhams, constituting 28% of sound loans at the end of 2007, compared to 27% a year earlier. (see article

journal

2
Real estate credit covers loans for real estate development and housing loans. Housing loans for
Real estate promotion corresponds to the credits granted to real estate developers, regardless of the circumstances.
are the terms of their use (credits for land purchases, startup credits, credits
of support, stock credits pending sale, ...). Housing loans are granted to
individuals for the construction, acquisition, or development of housing.
 The outstanding loans intended for real estate promotion have increased.
from 59% to 22 billion dirhams in favor of a production of
credits that more than doubled to reach 11 billion dirhams.
housing credit, with a share of 79% of the total credit outstanding
real estate has appreciated by 28% to 85 billion dirhams,
representing nearly 14% of GDP compared to 12% in 2006.

Conclusion
When granting a loan, the banker must take all precautions to ensure ...
to guard against risks. But the world we live in is structurally unstable.
Certain disasters cannot be controlled such as:
. Natural disasters: earthquake, Hurricane Katrina, blackout
electric.
. Political instability: wars, acts of terrorism.
. Computer risks: viruses, hacking.

The fundamental elements of the banker’s reflection when granting credit can be summarized
in:
The feasibility study, which can be clarified in three elementary studies:
the economic study
the industrial study
the diagnosis of the company.

Exogenous elements to be respected by the bank when applying for a loan

. The estimation of the company's credit potential
. The commercial aspect of the loan operation
. The impact of the bank's financial constraints and characteristics
The specific risks of the banking profession
 . Credit risk or counterparty risk (including country risk)
. Market risk
. Operational risk
The guarantees or securities
. Types of guarantees
. Forms of guarantees required by the bank when granting a loan

How to protect oneself against these risks?

To keep credit risk within acceptable limits, banks first proceed to
a thorough analysis of the situation of their debtors, and may have additionally
recourse to real securities (pledge of cash, deposits, securities, certain mortgages)
real estate,…
In order to protect against market risk, one must take precautions to agree.
with the client of:
. the application of a fixed or variable rate depending on the situation.
. the currency hedging for foreign exchange forward contracts.
. the application of the prudential rules imposed by Bank Al Maghrib on the
stocks and currencies in the trading room.
Prevention of operational risk involves strengthening internal control and
permanent surveillance as well as monitoring sensitive positions in the assessment. It
thus suppose the development of written rules and procedures that reinforce the separation of
tasks, respect for boundaries, secure access to premises and information systems,
the identification of activities generating abnormal profitability and regular verification
accounts.

10 - ORGANIZATION OF THE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM

The internal control system must notably aim to:

 check that the operations carried out by the institution as well as the organization and
the internal procedures comply with the legislative provisions and
regulatory in force, to professional standards and practices and ethical standards
and the orientations of the deliberative body and the general management;

check that the limits set regarding risks, particularly counterparty risk,
changes in interest rates as well as other market risks are strictly
respected;
ensure the quality of accounting and financial information, particularly regarding
conditions of recording, storage, and availability of this
information.

Agency manager: He is responsible for managing the commercial agency, and he ensures that
the objectives set (quantitative and qualitative) by the headquarters located in Casablanca be
perfectly achievable, as well as the profitability of its team.

Sales assistant: Their main mission is to provide...

manage all dashboards and ensure all data entry tasks
consolidations, she is responsible for answering phone calls, editing the reports of
sale by agency, by sector, by route, thus distributing the agency objective in
objectives sectors following the contribution rates of each sector and each
tour; she also receives and manages the stock of office supplies and establishes and
follows the agency's purchase requests, she is also busy monitoring and archiving the
Documentation of the agency as well as the reception and sending of mail.