1. Which of the following is an abiotic component of an ecosystem?
a) Plants
b) Animals
c) Water
d) Bacteria
Answer: c) Water
2. The process by which green plants convert light energy into chemical energy is
called:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Fermentation
d) Transpiration
Answer: a) Photosynthesis
3. The primary consumer in a food chain is usually a:
a) Carnivore
b) Herbivore
c) Omnivore
d) Detrivore
Answer: b) Herbivore
4. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?
a) Oxygen (O2)
b) Nitrogen (N2)
c) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
d) Hydrogen (H2)
Answer: c) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
5. The term "biodiversity" refers to:
a) The number of humans in an ecosystem
b) The variety of life forms in an ecosystem
c) The number of plant species in an ecosystem
d) The number of animal species in an ecosystem
Answer: b) The variety of life forms in an ecosystem
6. The ozone layer is primarily located in which part of the atmosphere?
a) Troposphere
b) Stratosphere
c) Mesosphere
d) Thermosphere
Answer: b) Stratosphere
7. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
a) Solar energy
b) Wind energy
c) Fossil fuels
d) Tidal energy
Answer: c) Fossil fuels
8. The process by which water vapor is released from the aerial parts of plants is
called:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Transpiration
d) Absorption
Answer: c) Transpiration
9. The main source of energy for most ecosystems is:
a) Heat
b) Sunlight
c) Geothermal energy
d) Biomass
Answer: b) Sunlight
10. Which biome is characterized by cold temperatures, permafrost, and a lack of
trees?
a) Grassland
b) Desert
c) Tundra
d) Tropical rainforest
Answer: c) Tundra
11. The process of nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by:
a) Plants
b) Bacteria
c) Fungi
d) Animals
Answer: b) Bacteria
12. Which of the following is an example of a secondary consumer?
a) Grasshopper
b) Deer
c) Lion
d) Grass
Answer: c) Lion
13. The largest reservoir of carbon on Earth is:
a) Oceans
b) Atmosphere
c) Forests
d) Soil
Answer: a) Oceans
14. The process of one-way flow of energy through different trophic levels is
described by:
a) Food web
b) Energy pyramid
c) Nitrogen cycle
d) Carbon cycle
Answer: b) Energy pyramid
15. The disappearance of a species from Earth is called:
a) Extinction
b) Endemism
c) Invasion
d) Speciation
Answer: a) Extinction
16. Which gas is responsible for the greenhouse effect?
a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Hydrogen
Answer: c) Carbon dioxide
17. The primary cause of the hole in the ozone layer is:
a) Carbon dioxide emissions
b) Deforestation
c) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
d) Acid rain
Answer: c) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
18. The term "keystone species" refers to a species that:
a) Is the largest in an ecosystem
b) Plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem
c) Is an invasive species
d) Feeds on other species
Answer: b) Plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem
19. The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into forms that plants can use
is called:
a) Nitrogen fixation
b) Denitrification
c) Ammonification
d) Nitrification
Answer: a) Nitrogen fixation
20. The loss of soil fertility due to water erosion is known as:
a) Desertification
b) Deforestation
c) Salinization
d) Soil erosion
Answer: d) Soil erosion
21. Which of the following is an example of a natural ecosystem?
a) Agricultural field
b) Garden
c) Coral reef
d) Urban park
Answer: c) Coral reef
22. Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?
a) Methane (CH4)
b) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
c) Oxygen (O2)
d) Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Answer: c) Oxygen (O2)
23. The process of breaking down dead organic matter into simpler substances is
called:
a) Respiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Decomposition
d) Digestion
Answer: c) Decomposition
24. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) focuses on:
a) Promoting renewable energy sources
b) Conservation of wildlife and their habitats
c) Reducing carbon emissions
d) Advocating for nuclear energy
Answer: b) Conservation of wildlife and their habitats
25. Which biome is characterized by long, cold winters, coniferous trees, and
animals adapted to survive in cold climates?
a) Grassland
b) Temperate deciduous forest
c) Taiga (Boreal forest)
d) Savanna
Answer: c) Taiga (Boreal forest)
26. Which of the following is NOT a component of an ecosystem's abiotic factors?
a) Temperature
b) Soil
c) Plants
d) Light
Answer: c) Plants
27. The process by which water changes from liquid to vapor and enters the
atmosphere is called:
a) Transpiration
b) Condensation
c) Precipitation
d) Evaporation
Answer: d) Evaporation
28. The primary source of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions in the atmosphere is:
a) Volcanic activity
b) Burning fossil fuels
c) Deforestation
d) Agricultural practices
Answer: b) Burning fossil fuels
29. The concept of "carrying capacity" refers to:
a) The maximum number of individuals an ecosystem can support
b) The number of keystone species in an ecosystem
c) The amount of pollution an ecosystem can tolerate
d) The rate of population growth in an ecosystem
Answer: a) The maximum number of individuals an ecosystem can support
30. Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource?
a) Coal
b) Natural gas
c) Solar energy
d) Petroleum
Answer: c) Solar energy
