IO Unit 2

Ki«k off 2 Match the pictures with 1—6

£ook at pictures a—f. They each have About 47% of a barrel of crude oil is used as fuel.
something to do with the oil and gas industry. Oil is measured in barrels. A barrel is about 159
Can you identify what? litres. OU is transported in large ships called
supertankers. The biggest carry about 6S0,000
tonnes.
4 Oil and natural gas are transported in pipelines.
Scientists believe that the oil we use today was
made from very sma}1 animals that lived in the sea
and died over 300 million years ago.
6 An accident with an oil tanker can kill many plants
and animals.

Listening
The history of oil
Before you listen, discuss with your partner possible
answers to these questions.
1 In ancient times, what did people first use oil for?
2 When did oil first become an important product?
3 How did people first use o'E!
4 When did oil become an important fuel?
S What do we use oil for today?
Now listen to gpE
Sergei, an oil Am I
specialist, and cheCk ] tpy truck
your answers. traFtS port transportation
 Discovery 11

In this unit
o important events in the history of oil and gas 0
how to pronounce Past Simple verbs
o writing short reports about past events 4
using |arge numbers
o finding out about the oil industry in your region

Language spot Around this time, Bissell ' (see) some

Past Simple pictures of people drilling for salt and he '
(have) the idea to drill for oil. He ' (invest)
i We use the Past Simple to talk about things that a lot of money in the region and '
happened at a time in the past. (become) very successful.
People used oil to light their
homes. They didn't want the oil. 3 Make questions about George Bissell using the notes.
lVhen did people beg in to drill for oil! When / George Bissell / visit Pennsylvania?
e We often use the Past Simple with time expressions 2 What / people / use oil for?
like/our Ihousand years ago, in 1819, when!, etc. 3 What / Silliman / say about the oil?
4 Where / Bissell / get the idea to dilll for on?
• The Past Simple of be is was /
were. there was oil along river ba Work in pairs to ask and answer the questions in 3.
nos. The oil wasn't important.
• We form the Past Simple of regular verbs by adding Pronunciation
-d or -ed. We pronounce the -ed ending of verbs in three
used, employed, decided, erected different ways.
e The Past tense of some verbs is irregular. /i/ /d/ /id/
come— came find —found buil built 1 Listen to the verbs and complete the table.
—d
e We use did to form negative sentences and questions. collected stored distilled
They didn't want the oil. analysed invented used drilled
lVhen did people fiegin to drill/or oil! invested produced burned
visited worked seeped wanted
drained

Look at the listening script to listening on p.J23 and /d/ lid/

find the
Past Simple forms of these verbs.
1 burn 6 produce
2 collect 7 put
3 can 8 throw
4 distil 9 use
S find 10 want
Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple. Use a
dictionary if necessary. Listen again and check your answers. Practise
saying the words.
George Bissell ' (be) a young lawyer in
J853. He ' (visit) Pennsylvania and Complete the rules.
' (see) how people got oil. They 1 If a verb ends in a /t/ or /d/ sound, the final ed
(put) blankets in seep oil and then is pronounced
' (drain) the oil into barrels. They
2 If a verb ends in a voiceless consonant sound
• (use) the oil as a medicine. He
(/p/, /s/, /k/, /f/, /sh/, /tsh/, or /th/), the final -
’ (take) some oil to a chemist called
ed
Silliman. Silliman " (analyse) the oil and
is pronounced
" (say) that it could be very useful.
3 If a verb ends in a voiced consonant sound
(/b/, /g/, /l/, /z/, lv/, /j/, /th/, /m/, /n/, /ng/), the final ed
is pronounced
 Early oil d rillers thought oil could on Iy be
found near small rivers and streams.
e Why d id they thin k this?
• Where do oil d rillers look for oil today*

Reading lt's my job

The effects of oil These people are looking for oil. They use a
I Imagine a small, quiet village in your lot of equipment. What do you think they enjoy
country. The people in the village have some about their job and what don't they enjoy?
animals and grow some food. Things don't
change quickly in this village. One day an oil
company comes to look for oil. They find oi1
neai the village. How does life change for the
village people?
Work in small groups. Discuss how things
change. Think about
O )Obs o new industry i the
environment e money e population.

Jobs
I thinb there are lots of new jobs when oil's
found, for example, ...
People stop looking afler antrna1s and growing food listen to Alfred Luki. Why did he choose his
because ... job? listen again and answer the
2 Read about how the oil industry developed in questions.
Venezuela and answer the questions.
1 What is Alfred‘s job?
1 When was oil first drilled in Venezuela? 2 What we his working hours?
2 Where did the oil companies come from? 3 How far does he walk each day?
3 Why do you think the people of Venezuela 4 Did he go to college?
were still poor before 1944? s what training did he do when he started?
4 What changed in 1944?
6 What does he want to do next?
S How important is oil to Venezuela today?
Why does he say his job is hard?
3 Think about the development of the oil industry
in your country. What are the things which were Would you like to work as a jug hustles? Why / why not?
similar in your country and Venezuela? What
things were different?

The oil industry in Venezuela

industry. Oil companies from other countries
In 1914, the first important oil well was needed workers and people left the land. New
drilled in Venezuela. Large oil companies from tovms grew up.
other countries, mainly Britain and America, Oil production grew very fast and the oil
arrived in Venezuela. In 1929, Venezuela was companies grew rich, but the people of
the second largest oil exporter in the world. Venezuela were still poor. Things changed
There were many changes. Before oil was in 1944 and oil companies had to give half
found, people in Venezuela worked in of the money they made from on to
farming. They had animals and grew food. They Venezuela. Today the oil industry in Venezuela
also worked in factories and made goods. then belongs to Venezuela and it is the fifth largest
people moved into the oil oil exporting country in the world.
 Discovery 13

The ESSO name comes from the

letters S and 0 of Standard Oil.

Writing E N £ook at the notes about the history of Shell. Write a

A short report ° Mobil short report using the Past Simple and time pleases.

I What do these $H1Lh

company E onMobil Marcus and Sam Samuel decide to transport oil in
names have in oil landers. The first oil tanker sails through the
common? Suez Cana|.
1 Study the information about the history of an
oil Marcus ancl Sam Samuel name their company
company and use it to complete the short the Shell Transport and Trading Company.
report below. Shell Transport and Trading Company
join with Royal Dutch Petroleum.
1070 Rockefeller and others start Standard Oil 4 The sheII (pecten) becomes the company logo.
Company I .0/ Company becomes Royal Dutch Shell Group.
join with other companies They begin production in Russia, Romania,
hring out new fuel Esso
use new technology to make more gasoline
Venezuela, Mexico, and the USA. Prince
1saz produce first artificial ruhber (still used for Borghese wins the Peking to Paris motor rally
tyres today) with Shell motor spirit.
0942 new technology to produce gasoline 1P1P Alcock and Brown use Shell fuel to make the first
change name to Exxon Corporation flight across the Atlantic.
}099 Exxon and Mobil joi n to form a larger company
ExxonMobi I helps expand the offshore North
Field in data'

Rockefeller and other people started ' in

1870. Later it joined with other companies and in 1926, it
cal led ’. It usecl new
tE'Chnologtyo in 193 6. The followinsreaF.
researchers * which is still used for making
and other products. The company started to
use ’ to " in 1942. 30 years later, ‹ a 2s Shell is the biggest oil company in the wor|d.
the company ancl in 1999, ’" j pg Company loses buildings and equipment
q
joined to form a larger company. In 2005, ExxonMobil during the war.
worked with other international oil companies to Oil found in Africa and South America.
" the giant offshore North Field in Qatar. Shell drill offshore oil well in the Ciulf of
Mexico.
Notice how we refer to past time when writing a report *° Shell has 300 offshore wells.
°’
In 1870 30 years later * °"* Oil production in Nigeria starts.
The following year Two years after that 19 & Shell helps start uil production in Oman.
0s
We connect events using and. It also discovers gas in the North $ea.
Shell develops oilfields
—
30 yea rs later, the company changed its name to Exxon offshore in the North Sea.
Corporation and in 1999, Zxxon and Mobil joined to
/orm a forger compan;/.
14 Unit 2

We can internipt someone politely and aslt them to

Vocabulary repeat what they have said with:
(I'm) sonny. wfiat didyou say?
Numbers
1 Match the words with the numbers.
1 one billion a 1,000
(bn)
2 one million b 1,000,000
(m)
3 one trillion c 1,000,000,OOO
4 one thousand d 1,000,000,000,
000
• We don't add -s to tiiousand, miffion, biffion,
and trilfion to make them plural.
>*X R*Oduce2.S miIIion barrels of oil a day.
t We use the plural verb form after numbers
but not with an amount of money.
600,000 people wort here.
$200,OOO is o good price.
Ifumber We say
1,640 one thousand, six hundred
and forty 3,440,000 three rrüllion,
four hundred and forty
thousand
2.5 billion two point five billion
tS.3 billion five point three billion dollars
Read these numbers. Then listen and
check.
1,650 3 187,000 5 €380,500
2 7.4 mltllon 4 $S.7 len 6
4,S5S,20O
Correct the mistakes in the sentences.
1 A thousand workers now lives in this area.
2 520 billion are a lot of money.
3 Oil was formed 300 millions years ago.
4 Eline million barrels of oilleaves the
refinery each day.
Read each sentence. Listen and check.

Checking undentandlng
When you are listening to others, face-to-
face, or on the telephone, you may need to
checlr that you have understood correctly by
using phrases like these: Did yoti say J40
metrest
2 4 3 9...?
£xcuse me. Can / hemd you repeot that, please?
Coutd you repeat the number, please?
We can ask someone to spell a name with:
Can t Could you speII that, please?
Work m pairs. Each of you has
information about an important
oilfield. Student A, go to p.t06. Student
B, go to p.110.
Use the information to label the map

Search the internet to find out about

the history of the oil and gas
industry in your region. Make notes
under these headings.
t date oil / gas
first discovered t
location
c oil companies
i quantity of oil / gas
t how life has changed for the people of
the region
work in small groups. Share the
informañon you have found and work
together to prepare a poster on a
white board or flip chart When you
have finished, join another group. Use
your poster to tell them about what you
have found out. Listen to what they
have found out What information is
the same and what is different?
 Discovery J5

statementswhkh are true.

I en talk about past events in the htstory
of oil and gas
Ican pronounce the endings of Past
Simple verbs
Professional skills I «an write about past events
Ican read and use large numbers
How to manage your time

«•i
Adjectives

bitumen
eqoJgment

Worlr in pairs or small groups and discuss these

questions.
c Do you normally finish your work on surface
time? t How often do you finish your
worh late?
bucn
t Would you like to have more free time? disttl’
Read the advice about how to manage your time. There distract
are two pieces of bad advice. Put a cross (A) beside
them. Tick (I) the advice which is best for you.
Make a list of the tasks you have to do and the deadlines. weak backthrough this unit. [Link] more
Decide which are the most important tasks and put them at
the top of your list.

Make a timetable and decide when you are going to do your work.
Keep your mobile phone switched on and near you.
Remember to make time to relax as well as work.
Do the tasks you like best first.
If you don't want to work, leave it unti| tomorrow.
Cohcentrate on the task and don't let other things distract you.
Find a place to work where you can concentrate.
Score out a task once you have finished it.

Wom in pairs and compare your answers. Can you

think of any other good ways to manage your time?
Which things should you do better?

' ’ JJ i- . - -‘ '