Grade 12 Physical Education – Section C
Essay Answers
1. Discuss the different causes of injuries in sports. (14 marks)
Injuries in sports can occur due to a variety of reasons. Understanding these causes is
essential in preventing them and promoting safe participation in physical activities.
One major cause of injury is lack of proper warm-up. When athletes begin intense activity
without preparing their muscles and joints through a warm-up, they are more prone to
strains, sprains, and muscle pulls.
Another common cause is the use of incorrect technique. Poor form when executing
movements, especially in sports like weightlifting, football, or gymnastics, can lead to
serious injuries, including fractures and dislocations.
Overtraining is also a frequent cause of sports injuries. Athletes who train excessively
without enough rest put too much stress on their muscles and bones, which may result in
chronic injuries such as tendinitis or stress fractures.
Inadequate or faulty sports equipment can contribute to injuries. Worn-out shoes, broken
rackets, or improperly fitted protective gear increase the risk of harm.
Playing on unsafe or poorly maintained surfaces such as uneven fields or slippery floors can
cause falls and other accidents.
Collision and contact with other players in team sports like rugby, football, and basketball is
another cause. These can result in bruises, sprains, or even concussions.
Lastly, dehydration and fatigue impair concentration and coordination, increasing the
chances of accidental injury during play.
In conclusion, preventing sports injuries involves good preparation, proper technique, use
of appropriate equipment, safe playing conditions, and ensuring rest and hydration.
2. Explain reasons for taking part in physical activities. (8 marks)
Participation in physical activities is important for both physical and mental health. One key
reason is that physical activity helps to improve physical fitness, including strength,
endurance, and flexibility, which contributes to a healthier lifestyle.
Another reason is the prevention of lifestyle diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and
hypertension. Regular exercise helps maintain a healthy weight and improves
cardiovascular health.
Mental health benefits are also significant. Physical activity reduces stress, anxiety, and
depression by releasing endorphins, the body’s natural mood enhancers.
Socially, physical activities encourage teamwork and communication, especially in group
sports. They help individuals make new friends and develop leadership skills.
Physical activity also builds self-esteem and confidence as people accomplish fitness goals
and learn new skills.
Lastly, it provides a sense of discipline and routine, especially for students, helping them
balance academics and physical well-being.
3. Describe how schools influence young people to get involved in physical
activities as part of a healthy, active lifestyle. (8 marks)
Schools play a vital role in encouraging young people to participate in physical activities.
One of the main ways they do this is through the physical education (PE) curriculum, where
students are taught different sports, exercises, and health-related fitness components.
Schools also organize intra- and inter-school competitions, which motivate students to train
and compete, promoting both skill development and interest in physical activity.
By providing sports clubs and extracurricular activities, schools give students more
opportunities to participate in physical activities beyond regular PE lessons.
Availability of sports facilities and equipment also encourages participation. Access to
playgrounds, courts, and gymnasiums allows students to engage in a variety of sports.
Additionally, teachers and coaches act as role models and mentors, encouraging students to
lead active lifestyles by promoting healthy habits and showing enthusiasm for sports.
Schools may also conduct awareness programs and health talks, educating students about
the benefits of physical activity, healthy eating, and disease prevention.
4. Discuss the importance of traditional games to a learner. (8 marks)
Traditional games play an important role in the development of learners. Firstly, they help
in preserving cultural heritage by passing on values, stories, and customs from generation
to generation.
These games also promote physical fitness, as they often involve running, jumping, and
coordination. This helps learners improve motor skills and overall health.
Traditional games are often social in nature, encouraging teamwork, cooperation, and
communication among peers.
They also develop creativity and problem-solving skills, as many games involve strategy,
quick thinking, and adaptability.
Because traditional games often have simple rules and require minimal equipment, they
encourage inclusion, allowing children of all ages and backgrounds to participate.
Finally, they provide entertainment and emotional relief, reducing stress and bringing joy
through fun and active participation.
5. Explain the functions of the skeletal system in relation to Physical Education
and sports. (8 marks)
The skeletal system plays several important roles in Physical Education and sports. One
major function is support. It provides the structural framework for the body and maintains
posture during physical activities.
Another function is movement. Bones act as levers and joints act as pivot points for muscles
to pull on, enabling actions like running, jumping, and throwing.
The skeleton also provides protection for vital organs. For example, the skull protects the
brain, and the rib cage shields the heart and lungs, reducing the risk of injury during contact
sports.
Bones are also involved in blood cell production through the bone marrow, which is
essential for oxygen transport and recovery during and after exercise.
Additionally, the skeleton stores minerals like calcium and phosphorus, which are crucial
for muscle contraction and bone strength.
Finally, bones determine the body’s shape, which can influence performance in various
sports depending on body type and skeletal structure.
