) CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY ENGLISH9: TEACHER'S RESOURCE

>Workbook answers
1 Going underground
1.1 Relic 1.2 The Doorkeeper
1 Key information: organised and neat. 1 Louis's fears and doubts are apparcnt
Everything was in its place. the walls were through the ellipses, which show pauses He
painted cream, kitchen was perfecthy cdean, also questions Relic to show his uncertainty.
tuble, chuis, TV. rug, clock, only photograph. Relic is evasive, answering his question with
a question as a way of avoiding giving an
The description of the apartment makes answer. This has the desired effect and leads to
Louis's life sound very dull. It is so neat and an uncomfortable silence. When Louis (clearly
tidy that it does not sound relaxing or as stillworried) asks how far they still have to go.
though Louis does much socialising there. Relic shows her exasperation through the use
There is hardly anything personal about of an exclamation, when she tells him he can
his apartment it comes across as a bland
go home.
place where anyone could live. It suggests
that Louis is loncly. as he has lost touch with 2 Example answer:
school friends and docs not seem to have any
'Stand Back! Watch carefully!' said The
photographs of family in his apartment. Doorkeeper in hushed tones. You've waited
2 Louis makes the decision to meet Relic when he your whole life .for this."
looks at his apartment and realises how empty Louis held his breath and watched. The
and unfulfling his life is: it seemed somehow Doorkeeper slowly turned a key in a door in
cmpty are words describing his apartment
but the impression is given that Louis is also the wall and pushed it open. Louis stared in
horror as the awful thing appeared!
talking about his life gencrally. The apartment
meets his basic nceds but it appears that Louis What is ...that? whispered Louis, barely
wants more and sces Relic as a way of adding breathing.
some adventure to his dull routine. Louis is
3 Example answer:
also unfulfilled listened to the silence sums up
how lonely he is The photograph of himself The Doorkeeper slammed the door shut and
with his school friends seems to make him
turned on Louis with burning eyes full of fury.
determined to change things and meet Relic.
It's you! You!' he roared, You have caused
3 Example answer: this this symbolic representation of a life
He sat at the desk. which was covered in tall half lived. . a meaningless existence. . .a
towers of paper; endless assignments to mark wasted human soul!"
and most of them mediocre and dull. In his
I...1. .don't understand stuttered
five-year leaching career, he could count the Louis, completely stunned by the anger he was
number of talented writers he had taught facing. How can I be responsible?"
on one hand. Teaching creative writing
had seemed a great way of earning money The Doorkecper looked at him with barely
while working on his first novel, but it had conccalcd contempt. Existing is not living.
not worked out as planned. He was still on Louis. Why did you come here? You have a
chapter 8. He could not even locate his own responsibility to fulfil and I am the one who
work amongst the sickening mess of papers will make you succeed. Life or death, you will
sprawled on the desk in front of him. Instead try! Then we will open the door again and see
of writing cvery cvening. hc was forced to plan what awaits us.
lcssons and mark. Hc was sick of it and kncw
things nceded to change.

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1.3 Reviewing Darkparis

1 Floyd: The ending of this book is amazing. 2 Both reviewers like the character of The
It was the character of The Doorkeeper that Doorkeeper because he is mysterious and
grabbed my interest at first, because he seemed keeps the reader interested in how the plot
so mysterious. and that's what kepl me reading develops. They difTer in their views about the
becauseI wanted to find out who he was and middle sections of the book, with one reviewer
why he nceded Louis to help him. I did lose a losing interest but the other citing them as
bit of interest in the middle of the book-the their favourite part. They also differ in their
bit where The Doorkecper goes missing but in views of the ending. with one review describing
the last few chapters, there are so many things it as umazing and the other as disappointing.
happening and when The Doorkeeper came Floyd doesn't mention Relic by Hyen wishes
back and said his last words, it was brilliant. she had more ofa storyline.
Hyen: Like my friends, I mostly enjoyed 3
It is clear that lots of people who have read
Durkparis. The ending of the book wasn't as Darkpuris enjoyed it and would recommend
good as T'd hoped. but the character of The it. However. the statement Everrone who reads
Doorkeeper was the best in the story. I liked the book thinks it's the best thing they've read
the way he was mysterious, but also was weak is not supported by these revicws Firstly.
too and needed the help of other people to Hyen does not think that the book lived up
survive. The middle chapters of the book, to his expectations. He says the ending of the
where the setting changes to the island, were book wasn't as good as I'd hoped, showing that
my favourite part. Relic was interesting too he was disappointed. Floyd deseribes it as
I think the writer should have involved her
amazing so clearly enjoyed it, but he also says,
more in the story. I did lose a bit of interest in the middle of the
Positive points book. So. at best. these reviewS are mixcd and
do not support this claim.
Negative points

1.4 The second test

What Louis knows What Louis does not know
He is underground. That The Doorkeeper and Relic are around
He is blindfolded. the corner.
That he is being tested.
His hands are tied behind his back.
That there is a gap further down the path.

What the audience knows What the audience does not know
He is underground. If he passes the test.
He is blindfolded. Why he is being tested.
His hands are tied behind his back. What will happen if he falls down the gap.
That The Doorkeeper and Relic are around
the corner.

That he is being tested.

That there is a qap further down the path.

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2 Summaries may include: 1.6 Living under the ground

The reader will feel concern for Louis as 1 a, c, d
he is in a vulneratble position.
2 The main message of this text is that we
The Doorkeeper and Relic are still fairly should not make assumptions or judge others
ambiguous characters It is not clear what for living dilferently to us, or assume one way
their interest is in Louis or whether either
of living is better than another. The wriler
of them can be trusted.
went lo Malmata with a slightly patronising
The reader still does not know why Louis attitude. Cxpccting to find the people very
is being tested, or what will happen if he different to her, but instead she found she
falls down the gap. had much in common with them in terms of
priorities and ambitions, such as wanting to be
3 Learners' answers will vary. happy and healthy.
3 Example answer:
1.5 Visiting Coober Pedy
1
As I watched the city race past the train
The city is being compared to a monstrous
creature: a predator with glowing red eyes, a window, I reflected on my week exploring
threatening gron and tentacles. onc of China's busicst citics The landscape
started to change: the buildings thinned out
2 The cxtended mctaphor crcates the impression and were replaced by fields and small villages.
that the city is an unpleasanl and hostile So, what had I learnt about city life? People!
environment. It is clearly a big city, as the People everywhere! From the packed trains
head of smoke implics pollution and the wo on the melro to the crowds of shoppers on
towers show there are tall buildings The writer the Nanking Road, Shanghai is full of people.
describes the city as if it is alive: the noise of Initially I found it suflocating and longed for
the city is described as a threatening growl the open space of my small rural villagc, but
and the streets pounded like a heartbeut. The even Ihad to admit that the constant buzz of
narrator seems to feel threatened. as he says, the city and the beauty of the lights at night
this cily was dangerous and he had to escape. were exciting and mesmerising. Things that
He deseribes himself as prey and says Dhuka Ifeared. such as getting lost, turned into great
hud me in its sights; it is as if he feels he is adventures I discovered that I am far more
being hunted by a prcdator. capable han I thought possible. My outlook
3 Example answer: has changed-I know now that Iam destincd
to be a city girl sonmcday.
The skyline rose ahead of us like a mountain
range. Its peaks almost reached the sky and
called out to us to conquer them. As we drove
closer it was clear that this was a place for
fun. adventure and discovery. We had the
knowledge and all the right cquipment: we
werc prepared to get to the summit.

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2 Law and order

2.1 Right and wrong 2.3 The art detective
1 a The first, simple, sentence gives the key 1 Lcarners answers will vary.
argument. The complex sentence that
2 Learners' answers will vary.
follows develops the ideas and evidence to
support the key argument. 3 Learners' answers will vary.
b The compound-complex sentence offers a 4 Example answer:
dilemma and explains it the details. The
simple sentences that follow sum up the It was too chilly to be sitting outside but I
decision made was early and the table wasn't ready. The
2 autumnal trees were shedding their leaves and,
Example answer:
despite the sun being out, there was a cold
Emotions are powerful things: they can be breeze that pierced my thin jacket. No one
positive or negative. Emotions can influence clse was outside: I looked at the pristine white
people's decisions. They control the conscience. tablccloths and wondered why they bothercd
3
setting the outdoor dining tables on such a
Example answer: cold day. Optimism that the restaurant may
Ithought deeply about my decision and be so busy with customers that they would be
carelully considered the impact it would have forced out there? Perhaps. I shivered as the
on those around me. That was the problem. wind caught me again and hoped my guest
would be early too.
Ihad never been good at putting myself lirst.
With a deep breath, Iwalked into the room
and made my announcement: Iwas going to 2.4 Young detectives
take the job and would be leaving them. 1 Lian seems confident and intelligent. She
knows that Mr Chan does not get on well
2.2 Join the police not ttrust him.
with people and cleary does not
1 a
uniny cxpccts one thing from
The community However. she says very little and keeps her
police ofticers: fairness. thoughts to herself until she has had a chance
to look carefully at the scene in the shop for
b Dedication and bravery: the two main clucs Mr Chan is quitc angry towards Lian
attributes of any good police officer. but she docs not react to this; she waits until
2 she has some evidence.
a
Communities need good police oflicers:
good police officers make good 2
communities.
Using appropriale quotations, answers should
note that Lian becomes more powerful
b Communities are complex things: they because she looks for evidence that she can
need time and care invested in them. conlront Mr Chan with. She does not respond
3 to his rudeness and complaints but just ignores
a The second part of the sentence directly him so he cannot establish any power over her.
explains the statement in the first part. Once she has cvidence, she spcaks. The way
b The colon adds emphasis to the word that she looks him in thc eye clcarly makes
policing. In the sccond sentence, the him nervous, as he blinks. The implication is
semi-colon shows the close relationship that she has been in control from the start and
between the two parts of the sentence. is not concerned by his rudeness,
4 Example answer: 3 Example answer:
Acting: my lifelong dream! The theatre has it Kwame watched as the door slowly opened
all: the roar of the audience, the thrill of the and a voice spoke through the crack: Who
curtain rising. the smcll of the grcascpaint, the arc you?"
brightness of the lights It's in my heart and
soul; Ibelong on the stage.

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'Police Ma'am, said Kwame holding up his behaviour when Lian tells him she can see
identification card, Here to investigate the what has happencd.
theft of your handbag." 3 Example answer:
*Oh yes exclaimed the voice as the door In the story, Mr Chan seems to be a victim,
opened further and a tiny, elderly lady came
but actually turns out to be the villain. From
into view. It's taken you long enough to
arrive.' she grumbled, 'but I suppose you'd the opening of the story, readers view him with
better come in. suspicion. Mr Chan is an unpleasant character.
He is dishonest and tries to lie and cheat to
Kwame followed her down a dimly lit gain money. He is not very good at being a
hallway into a living room that was cluttercd criminal as he sccms to get caught very casily,
with different belongings, ornaments and which indicates that he isn't very intelligcnt.
photographs: every surface was covered. He Instead he relies on his large frame and
had to remove a cat, two hairbrushes, a pair of aggressive demeanour to intimidate people. He
slippers, a bag and several magazines to clear isn't very good at covering his tracks as it looks
a chair lo sit down in. as though he smashed his shop window Irom
the inside. He is also a bad liar as his lace gives
So, I understand your handbag was stolen it away when he is confronted.
yesterday. Could you tell me nmore about what
happened? Kwame enquired as he took out 2.6 Detective fiction
his notcbook.

"It was stolen while Islept in my chair. she 1 Jacob and Boris are likely to produce
biased texts.
exclaimed, 'Ihave no idca how he got in as all
the windows and doors were locked. I've been 2 This story is another in the series featuring
terrified ever since. He could still be in the
Lian Yang. the quiet but effective detective.
house."
Most fans of the genre know the character of
Lian, as the book sales of 500 000 for Liu's
'Could you descritbe the handbag to me?"
previous novel suggest. Broken Promises is
Kwame asked gently.
not the best of books, however. From the
*It was duck-egg blue: my favourite bag start. where Yang investigates a break-in at
actually' she replicd sadly. the shop of the suspicious Mr Chan. it feels
Kwame sighed deeply This bag?"' he said. very predictable. Familiar openings are, of
course, common in detective stories. but this
retrieving the bag the cat had been aslccp on. opening -and indeed the whole book-is
poor and confirms that Mae Liu is past her
2.5 Making deductions best. Anyone who reads this will be sorely
1 Mr Chan is: disappointed. There are so many better writers
producing much better detective fiction.
large
Factual Fair opinions Biased opinions
unfriendly
The review starts off by fairly acknowledging
known for being argumentativeldiflicult lhe success of the writer's previous novel.
rude and demanding But it then becomes critical and seems
biused as the only real criticism of the book
a liar - but not a good one!
offercd is that the plot is predictable, which
2 the reviewer admits is conmon in detective
The reader may respond quite negatively to
Mr Chan as hc docs not comc across as a very stories. The reviewer goes on to make a series
pleasant character. He is abrupt and rude of sweeping statements such as the whole
to Lian when she is trying to do her job. We book - is poor and Mue Liu is pust her best, as
are also told that he is angry, unfriendly and well as assuming that the reader will be sorey
always getting into arguments, so the reader disappointed. There is no further evidence
suspects he may not really be a victim. He oflered to support these highly critical
seems to give that away through his guilty assertions. The review does, thercforc.
scem biased.

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3 'The Red-Headed League'

3.1 The red-headed visitor
Word Meaning Etymology
analysis solving a complex problem by From the Greek ana (up) and lysis (loosen).
breaking it down into simple To loosen/unfasten/untie/cut apart.
elements
liberty to have free choice From the Latin libertatem meaning civil
and political freedom. The modern English
version is personal independence not just
political.
destroy to end something's existence From old French destruien, meaning to
through damaging or attacking it overthrow, lay waste, ruin.
psyche the human mind, soul or spirit From the Greek psykhe,meaning the soul,
mind, spirit.
edifice a large structure - building or From the old French edifice, meaning
system of beliefs building.
2 a analytical: able to solve complex problems were firmly fixcd to his right where thc young
b
woman stood nervously waiting for the train
liberally: freely/repeatedly to arrive. He observed her left hand firmly
destructive: damaging placed in the pocket of her trench-coat
holding something that strongly resembled the
d psychological: battles of minds shape of a gun. He brielly Ilickered his eyes
edification: improvement of the mind to glance at the station clock: when he looked
back, the young woman had gone.
3 a pre-eminent: distinguished

renowned: famous
3.3 The end of the League
curb: reign in 1 Features of a report might include: a title.
subheadings, numbered or bulleted points
confrontations: clashes formal language, facts and figures.
out-smart: defeat 2 They help the reader by organising the material
logically and signposting where to find
3.2 The assistant information. It makes it casier to skim through
the text and find the information needed.
1 This means that introducing a myserious
character makes a story more interesting for 3 Example plan:
the reader as it adds a sense of tension. Start with factual information about
2 Mrs Crick is mysterious as she has clearly been Conan Doyle and the books when
hiding her identity and real personality from her published/how many, etc.
husband. The implication is that she has given Then write about Sherlock Homes, the
her husband away to some sort of authority character- where he lives/family/
and has some regrets about it. We have no idea
arch cnemy.
whether she is good or bad though.
3
Then write about what has happened
Example response: to the books since numbers:sold. TV
He stood on the crowded platform holding adaptations/fans being upset.
a newspaper in front of his face to give the 4 Learmers answers will vary.
impression of reading it. Behind it his eyes

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3.4 Investigating the street night. The spikes of rain were hitting my face
and running off down the back of my neck.
1 a Tension: creating a growing sense making me shiver. The house didn't seem to be
of expectation. getting closer. As the field got wetter, my boots
squelched in the mud. And then, somewhere
b Climax: the highest point of tension or up ahcad. a wild animal howled
turning point.
c Release: the moment the tension is
Aural images Tactile images
allowed to subside. The images used make the reader feel tense
2
as the atmosphere created is quite eerie. The
Readers are likely to react by building up their sounds such as creaking. a rustle and a wild
sense of anxiety or excitement until the climax
animal all suggest that something threatening
when they see the highest point of the action is out there and the character is afraid. Even
and leel ulfilled. They will then feel the the rain sounds hostile as it falls in spikes as
release as the story has played itsell' out and though it wants to do harm. The house seems
is resolved. to be getting further away as if the character is
3 Lian put her foot on the bottom step as in a nightmare.
quietly as she could. He must be upstairs. The 2 Example response:
stair ereaked a little. Should she be doing this?
She was on her own and Crick was dangerous. The aural and tactile images used suggest
She'd asked for help, but her nearest colleagues that crossing the field is not a very pleasant
were on another job in another part of town. experience. The sounds being made are
The second stair creaked. What was that? It described as creaking, a rustle and a wild
sounded like movement upstairs Lian began aunimal. which could all cause a leeling of fear.
to crawl up the stairs on her hands and knees. The heavy rain is deseribed as spikes, which
Maybe she was wrong. Maybe Crick was long indicates that it was painful and the idea of
gone. One more step. Then it happencd. There rain running off down the buck of my neck.
was an almighty roar as Crick raced towards making ne shiver gives a fecling of discomfort.
her. She moved quickly, but he had her When her boots suquelched in the åd it makes
cornered. She stood no chance He was nearly it sound as though it was difficult to walk.
twice her size. So this is it, thought Lian. He Learners describe the impact and suggest what
smiled menacingly and walked towards her. the character is leeling.
Stop right there, Mr Crick!' demanded a 3 Example response:
voice from the bottom of the stairs. They had
arrived just in time. Pounding the cold. hard pavement, I could feel
the salty sea air washing over my face as I ran.
Tension Climax Release It had been raining so tiny splinters of water
hit my legs as I ran: I could feel them trickling
The longest phase is building up the lension. uncomfortably down the back of my training
This is important to develop the story and
shoes. My footsteps squelched slightly as they
keep the reader interested. It allows lots of hit the ground. The raucous cries of seagulls
details to be included to give the story more
filled the air as I disturbed them pecking into
depth. The climax is reasonably developed and discarded chips and sandwiches. The sudden
exciting whereas the release is shorter so it has
and violent flapping of their wings as they
more dircct and immcdiate impact. took flight made me stumble This was not a
5 Learners' answers will vary. relaxing run by the sea.

3.5 The dark cellar 3.6 The solution

1 This ending reinforces the message that
1 Way up ahead, I could just see the lights of
the old house. It seemed miles away, and it was criminal behaviour will be punished in the
dark. I walked across the field. the creaking cnd. My Crick trics to cvade the police but is
of the branches lilling the air, and behind finally caught. It shows that in the end, good
them, the rustle of the leaves It was a terrible will always win over evil. It also shows that
good will not give up.

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2 This ending may be a bit disappointing to

Some readers as it suggests that Mr Crick is
able to get away with his criminal behaviour
because he has enough money to hire a good
lawyer. This lacks morality and order so
readers may feel it gives out a poor message.
3 This opinion shows that readers do not always
like predictable endings and enjoy it when
something unexpected happens. Life is not
always fair so this ending is perhaps more
rellective of what sometimes happens.

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY ENGLISH 9: TEACHER'S RESOURCE

4 Time
4.1 Moments in time image and implies that the narrator has not
had a good year and is relieved to see it gone.
1 It piles up, thick and formidable. on the
marble lerrace.
3 Learners' answers will vary.
The pages, called again and again.
try to swcep it away. 4.3 The tribe that time forgot
But never mind, the next moon 1 When music festivals come to an end, all
The shadow will come back. the local people are much happier. Festivals
Annotations: contribute nothinglothe local area, apart
The present tense verbs make his frustration
from bringing misery forthe people who live
nearby, Everybody knows that at festival time,
immediate in the main body of the poem. it'a extremcly noisy -and cxtremcly messy. We
The modal verb in the last line makes it clear asked some of the locals in the city of Lecds
it will keep happening. what they felt about the recent festival in their
area. One resident. Karen White, said 'Festivals
2 The poem suggests that humans want to attract the sort of people I can't bear. They just
control nature but cannot. They keep trying make a mess'Certainly today. as the festival
but in the end, nature will always triumph. left Leeds there was alot oflitler lying around.
The presecnt tense shows the continuous but
2 There is negative vocabulary, such as misery.
futile attempts to sweep away the shadow cast
by the moon: the modal verb shows nature which is contrasted with huppiness when the
festival cnds. Therc is a lot of focus on mess
will persist, the moon will appear again and
the shadow will reappear. and litter, showing how thoughtless the people
who attend are. The local people do not like
3 Example answer: the noise created.

The Endl of Sunmer Quoting a local resident shows how the locals
The nights draw in, shorter and colder, feel about the people: they can't bear them.
bringing carly twilights. The reader gets the impression that people who
allend lestivals are thoughtless and sellish.
She stays up later to lengthen the summer's joy
and warmth. 3 Lcarners may note the following cffccts:
But father time keeps going
The summer will die, There are many gcneralised statcmcnts,
such as all the local people are much
happier and Everybody kuows This has
4.2 Making the most of time the eflect of making the reader accept the
1
The narrator feels that the current year has writer's bias without thinking about it fully.
gone quickly, as though it is over before it has Quoting Karen White at the end of
begun. The narrator does not seem to regret
the article gives support to the writer's
this, as they feel disappointed by how little viewpoint. Because she is a local. she
they have achieved.
speaks for everyone so the reader could
The narralor is looking lorward to the new accept her opinion as being the gencral
year ahead and hoping to feel as though they opinion of everyonc in the arca. No
have achieved more by the end of it. The new alternative view is offered. What she says
year seems to bring the promise of a new slart. gives evidence such as mess and litter.
2 The simile suggests that the ycar passedd very Not oflering any alternative viewpoint
quickly: the moment it begun it seemed to end. makes the article very biased. Some
The snake in the ficld disappcars as soon as it of the generalisations, such as festivals
is scen, so the simile works well to suggest that contribute nothing to the local urva, could
time passes in a flash. It is a slightly negative be challenged quite easily. Quoting one
resident does not give a balanced vicwpoint.

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4 Example answer: 2 The cvent the text describes is clearly daring

and frightening. but also exhilarating. and
Everyone finds soccer boring because it is many of the verbs show spced and a lack of
on the television far too much. If it was on control, such as plunged, iurtled and whi:zed.
less. people may enjoy it more, but over the In the last part of the extract, the narrator
weekend, it just dominates the screens, driving has completed the jump and is peacefully
everyone mad. It is also on during the week. Iloating on the surface of the water. The verbs
which has just made all our lives worse. The used here are calm and gentle, such as floated.
whole game is just a load of men kicking a touched and siled to mirror the narrator's
ball up and down a ficld. Thev all chcat and
tranquillity and contentment. The change
dive throughout the whole match. We all in verbs shows thc change in the narrator's
know that football players earn far more than actions and mood.
they deserve. too. It is ridiculous that they
earn more in an hour than most people do 3 Example answer:
in a year and most of them have not got any
intelligence or sense. They are just a bunch of Ifuriously bit my nails praying for the post to
idiots who drive flashy cars too fast down the arrive early. I paced up and down the hallway
slaring at the letler box willing the white
motorways. They do not make any significant
contributions to the communitics they play in. envelope to arrive. When it finally plopped
Life would be better if foothall was banned. through the door. Iraccd over to pick it up
off the floor. Ripping open the cnvelope,
frantically devoured the contents of the single
4.4 The time tornado white sheet of paper. Itrembled as I read.
1 lcapt - dramatic: connotations of grcat Within seconds Ierumpled to the floor in
distance, speed and being daring/urgency sorrow. My eyes closed and I sank down as
I realised that I had lailed them all. I wept
hurtled - dramatic: connotations of speed and silently with disappointment.
being out of control

whizzed- dramatic: connotations of speed 4.5 The visitor

and cagerncss 1 II was midnight. His well-polished leather
spun - dramatic: connotations of circling and shoes strode quickly and quietly down the
being out of control path. In his hand was a brown briefcase. It
was locked. The contents of the briefcase were
rising calm: connotations of lifting gently the reason why he strode quickly and quietly
racing dramatic: connolations of speed and down the path. He pulled his hat further down
competitiveness and lookcd at the door ahcad. It was locked.
He carefully entered the passcode and thc
panicking -dramatic: connotations of anxiety door opened. 'Right on time:' said a gruft
and loss of control voice from within the darkness.

plunged - dramatic: connotations of falling 2 The key information tells us that this well
fast and loss of control dressed man has an appointment at midnight
shot- dramatic: connotations of great speed
which he must not be late for. He is carrying
something important or valuable in his
floated - calm: connotations of being bricfease. which is locked for security. The
supported by air or water gently mecting is sceretive and bcing held late at
night behind a lockcd door that the man
opened - calm: connotations of something knows the passcode for.
allowing access calmly
3 The writer withholds some important
smiled - calm: connotations of calm and
controlled happiness inlormation lo add mystery. The reader does
not know who the man is, the contents of
touchcd- calm: connotations of making his bricfcase or who he is mecting. This adds
contact calmly / gently intriguc becausc it is clear that the meeting
is important but we have no idea why. It is
possible that the briefcase contains stolen

10
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documents or something valuable. The man 2 In the first transeript. Chen seems to be
could be a spy or he could be a hero -whether talking to a friend or someone she knows
he is good or bad is not yet clear. very well. She uses informal language such as
cash as well as contractions such as Thatd.
Example answer:
She repeals the personal pronoun /a lot.
She looked at the clock: one hour before In the second transeript, Chen is speaking
her flight was due to depart and he still had to her teacher so adopts a morc formal and
not arrived. She clutched her bag tightly to polite tonc. She addresses him as Sir and uses
her und thought with horror about paSsing more formal vocabulary, such as interesting
through security. She was depending on him to and career rather than job. She speaks in full
be there with her. Hc had promised he would sentences with no contractions used.
be. He had ten minutes to arrive or she would
3 Chen varies her speech due to the dilering
have to go alonc. This wasn't part of the deal purposes and audicnces With her friend, she
but she knew she could not back out now.
can be morc honest about her aspirations
She bit her lip so hard she drew blood. That
was no good: she must nol draw attention to
to carn lots of money through singing. She
herself. Deep breaths. In ten hours, it would all uses contractions because her speech is very
be over. She would be safe. She heard him call relaxed and also uses slang words such as cash
her namc and felt relicf flood through her.
because of the inlormality ol the situation. In
the second transeript, Chen is talking lo her
4.6 Into the future teacher so adopts quite a formal and polite
tonc with no contractions used. Words arc
1 a Talk wold be informal, using adapted accordingly: joh becomes career and
contractions and probably pausing and loads of cash becomes well-paid. Instead of
interrupting one another. saying she wants to be a singer, she says musie
to keep it more formal.
b
Talk would be polite and in a friendly.
warm but reasonably formul manner.
asking questions and answering any
qucstions asked in a helpful tonc.
Speech would be very formal, using
a wide vocabulary. full sentences and
explaining things clearly. The tone would
be polite.

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5 That's entertainment
5.1 Leaving Jamaica Hortense: A confident but guiet and ikeable
woman rom Jamaica. She is precise and
1 The aside gives the audience extra information punctual. She is very well dressed and has
that Alexei has lost his project and sets up ambitions to make progress in life. She wants
possible conflict later. It shows that Alexei is people to think of her as ladylike and has
worricd and makes the audience think that he worked hard to losc her Jamaican accent but
may get into trouble. forgets this when she is angry.
2 The difference now is that both characters Annotations:
have asides Alexei confirms that he has still The similarities show that they have
lost the project, but Mr Rahman's aside lets
the audience know that he has found it and is something imporlant in common: being from
just testing Alexei to see if he will come clean Jamaica and thus foreign and away from their
And admit he has lost it. IL makes the situation homcland to face this new lifc together. so
more light-hearted because the audience is in they may share common misunderstandings.
on the joke. The fact that they are both confident makes
clashes nmore likely but also means they are
3 Example answer: evenly matched so provides scope for comedy.
Mina Have you heard anything from the The contrasts are likely to cause conflict and
recruiting agency yct? (Aside) Ihopc possible humour as it shows the characters
she hasn't or it looks bad for me that will clash often as they are so dillerent.
they haven't been in touch.
2 The contrasts in their living standards show,
Becca Yes, they've invited me for an interview as Horlense is horrified by the room that
on Tuesday. What about you? Gilbert has rented she thinks it is disgusting.
Gilbert is much more laid back so thinks it is
Mina Ihaven't hcard anything at all. It finc, but also compares it to the place where
looks as though they didn't like my he first lived, which was even worse. Hortense
application.
also thinks it is Gilbert's responsibility to
Becca I'm sure that isn't the case. Theyre provide a place for her as he went there first.
probably holding more than one day and she feels he has let her down. Gilbert does
of intervicws. (Aside) I feel awful now not want others to hear her complaints and
but Idid tell her the job was too senior may be a bit embarrassed by her snobbish
for her. attitudc. The audicncc would rcact in an
amuscd way bccause the contrast shows how
Mina Well, good luck. I'm sure you'll smash different the characters are, but they are also
the interview. (Aside) She always gets both likeable.
what she wants I'm sick of it.
3 Example answer:
Becca Thanks. I'm sure the right job for you
will come along soon. (Aside) Except Hortense Gilbert. what is this disgusting
she always wants what I have so coffee you bring me? This is not
probably wouldn't go for it anyway. real coffee.

Gilbert Hush, they don't do the real

5.2 Arriving in England stuff herc. This is instant coffec
1 Hortensc. It's a powder they mix
Gilbert: Aconfident. cnergetic and likeable with water.
man from Jamaica. He is a little disorganised
and often late. Hc is funny. dresses in colourful Hortense You telling me there's no collee
clothing and is happy to havea place to live, beans ground up in this coffee
even if it issmall and a little unclcan. He Gilbert? What sort of place did
speaks with astrong Jamaican English accent. you bring me to?

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Gilbert Hortensc, we ain't got no money bin sitting sadly on the pavement after
to go to them fancy places. This is being ignored by the refuse collectors
cheap and the coffce is hot. Before He looked up at the school building
you arrivc here. Ispent hours in nervously: he was feeling like a Year 7 on
this caf dreaming of all the things his first day rather than a teacher.
we'd do when you arrive.
Hortense Well. perhaps you'd have done 5.4 K-pop
better to find mea decent place to
1 Stardom
live, Gilbert. No wonder you donc
so badly if you spent all your time Every day I practised. Every hour, every day.
dreaming in a caf I can't believe you Iwanted to be a star. I knew Ihad the talent
bring me all this way and you done and I knew I had the commitment lo suceeed.
nothing to make things nice for me.
So I did everything I was asked to. Iworked as
Gilbert You sure is a diflicult woman to hard as I could. Every day I practised. Every
please. Hortense. hour. every day. It made no difference. My
drcams of musical fame never happencd.
Hortense You could start by getting me one
of those cakes. Gilbert. Thev look Eddi X
fine to me.
We all 'know' Eddi X. He's the seeretive,
brillianl bass guitar player whose music has
5.3 The Boy Who Harnessed taken the rock world by storm. Nobody has
the Wind seen a picture of him. yet he's played on
some of the hottest music around. And why?
1 Annotations may mention the following: Because he made himself the best. Years of
A balloon gives the feeling of Ireedom, as practice when others couldn't be bothered. His
commitment is the key to his success.
they are lighter than air and can blow high
in the sky. Annotations shoukd mention:
A balloon gives a feeling of playfulness, as Structure: The repeated use of personal
it is an item associated with celcbrations pronoun I shows this is very personal in
and parties Text 1. Text 2 is about someone else so uses

There is a feeling of space as it is a field "we' as il is Irom the lan's perspective. Text
and Amina is running across it. 1 builds to disappointment of musical fume
nevwr happened whercas Text 2 builds to key to
2 Example answer: Ihis stuccess.

Deseribing him using the metaphor of a Language: The language in Text I is quite
machine makes him sound cold and inhuman. plain and there is repctition of practised.
which gives a hostile and threatening air. The It stresses how hard he worked through
word striding makes him sound ruthless and repetition Every hour, every day. Text 2 also
set on his target as though nothing can stop uses language such as practice to show how
him. The words that room shows there is a hard he worked but also uses more flattering
very specific target that he is aiming for. It all vocabulary such as seretiv., brilliunt, storm
sounds unpleasant and as though something and hotlest to show admiration for his
bad may happen to whoever is in that room. achicvements.
3 Examplc answers: 2 The first text shows that no matter how
committed you are, success in the music
He ran like the wind, knowing that he
business is never guaranteed. It shows that
needed a hurricane to get him there
on lime. lalent is more important than hard work
although both are necessary. The tone of
b Her suitcase was so stuffed with clothes Text Iis onc of great disappointment and
and equipment, it looked like a bulging disillusionment, so you fcel sorry for the writer.

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 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY ENGLISH 9: TEACHER'S RESOURCE

Text 2 is also about the importance of shows desperation and the idea that action is
commitment but is written in a celebratory urgently necded now so the reader is likely to
tone as it is about a musician who has fecl compclled to hclp.
succeeded. His modesty is stressed, as no one
knows who he is This shows that for him it is 3 Example answer:
about the music rather than fame.
Covered in cracked plastic bottles, discarded
3 Lcarners should note that the theme of packets and old flip-flops, the white sand looks
commitment is explored in a far more lar lrom pristine. Despite being uninhabited,
personal way in Stardom', as he is clearly very this paradise island with its white beaches and
disappointed about his lack of success. The azure seas looks neglected and forlorn
piece does suggest that perhaps the 'stardom all thanks to the filthy habits of humans.
was a priority rather than the music. In Eddi Every picce of litter that stretches around the
X* the theme of commitment is explorcd in a coastline of this jewel in the Pacific Ocean has
been washed up from the sea, much of it from
very positive way, as he is prcsented as someone
who has succeeded. It is stresscd that for him, the luxury ocean liners filled with wealthy and
stardom is not important. which implies that ignorant holiday makers who hardly spare a
true commitment means that fame is not a thought about what happens to the tonnes of
goal at all. For Eddi X, it is clearly all about garbage produced by their afluent lifestyles
the music, whereas in 'Stardom' you get the and throwaway habits Support us now. Stop
feeling that it is all about him: :tthe repetition these holiday companies from ruining the
of the personal pronoun I' rcinforces this. habitats of wild birds and other animals with
their irresponsible and sometimes illegal
5.5 Animals and entertainment actions Donate today and do your bit to
make our world a cleaner place.
1
Imprisoned in small cages, the sad eyes of the
tigers stare out at a world that has been torn 5.6 The benefits of zoos
away from them. They are like sad clowns,
and 2
made to perform for people. hiding their
depression behind their outward appearance. |For
Watch them lic on the floor of their cells. Against
Zoos are run by Animals should be
depressed and unloved, and you'll agree that animal lovers. (4) free to enjoy their
using animals in the circus is cruel. Set them
free from their prisons. Set them free from lives. (3)
their cruel prison guards. The love between Putting animals in
zookeepers and cages is cruel. (2)
2 Example answer: animals is very
The writer uses language to make the reader strong. (5)
leel guilty about the way that the animals live. Zoos help animals to A zoo is not a natural
Words such as imprisoned. cuges, cells and stay alive. (2) place for an animal. (1)
prison make it clear that these animals are In a zoo, animals are Zoos only exist to
being cagcd against thcir will. and the appeal well fed and cared make money. (4)
to set them free makes it clear that the rcader for. (3)
can help by taking action. The unhappiness
of the animals is also stressed with emotive Zoos allow humans to When animals live in
language such as sad eyes, hiding their learn about animals. (1) zoos, they become
depression and depressed und unloved. This weak. (5)
makes the reader understand how awlul it is 3 Learners' answers will vary.
for them being locked away and out of their
natural environments There is some use of
hyperbole in phrases such as a world that has
heen torn away from them that makes it sound
as though they were d rather than
bred in captivity I it sound very cruel
and callous The repetition of set them free

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)CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY ENGLISH 9: TEACHER'S RESOURCE

6 A sense of place
6.1 The city sings 6.3 Chasm
1 The lowsoothing hum of air-conditioners. 1 The reader is informed that despite saying
lanning out the heat and the smells of thal she loves the necklace she receives lor her
shops and cafes and ollices across the city, birthday from Melanie, she actually hates it on
winding up and winding down. long brcaths sight. It is not to her taste.
layered upon cach other, a lullaby hum for
tired streets. 2 The second version is from Paul's perspective.
He believes Jess when she says she loes the
2 The aural images make the sounds in the necklace and is relieved that it may indicate
passage soothing and calm. The idea of that she and Melanie are going to get along
the low hum of the air conditioning sounding better in the future. This changes the meaning
like u hullaby makes it sound as though it of the text as the reader does not know
could put a baby to sleep. It creates the ellect what Jess is thinking so would share Paul's
of a calm environment despite it being a city. optimism. It comes across aS a positive text
3 a The oo' sound in soothing helps the rather than a negative one.
reader imagine the sound of the hum and 3 Example answer:
clongates it to crcate the idea of thc sound
travelling. Version l:
b The repetition of the l' sound in long 'Kate darling. I've cooked your favourite:
breaths layered makes it sound calm and roast chicken!" her grandmother said
soothing like the low humming sound triumphantly. It is lovely the way that you
described. It spreads out the sound. come for lunch so often."

4 Leamers' answers will vary. Oh Granny how lovely that you

remembered Jo's voice faltered as
6.2 A love letter to the she caught her mother's lace desperately
warning her not to say anything about
Grand Canyon her grandmother's mistake. What was her
grandmother on about? How could she have
1 a huge peak, black and huge. reared its head. forgotten she was a vegetarian? Roast chicken
the grim shape towered up between me and was her sister's favourite, not hers. A fine
the starS
welcome home after two years of travelling
The narrator sccms to find nature threatening/ lhis was!
Overpowering.
Version 2:
2 The scenery is very impressive as it has huge
icebergs that are as high as the ships mast 'Kate darling. I'vc cooked your favourite:
roast chicken! my mother cried as soon as she
The narrator is amazed at them because they saw her youngest granddaughter walk through
look in the night sky and loom out of
the mist on a freezing night. the door. She had been so excited about Jo
coming home from travelling. I went over i
3 In the first poem. the narrator seems in all with her yesterday but she now conlused
we of nature's power and it is presented aS her with her sister. Kale. I should have warned
threatening and unpleasant. In the second Jo, but how do you explain dementia? I didnt
poem, the narrator is celebrating the beauty want her to fecl guilty for being away so I just
and mighty magnificcncc of naturc as scen in pretended that everything was fine. I glanced
the icebergs. at her quickly and shook my head slightly
warning her not to say anything. l'd have to
get through this meal and then start facing up
to things that I had preferred to ignore.

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)CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY ENGLISH 9: TEACHER'S RESOURCE

6.4 In the desert 6.5 Pastoral poetry

1 a A sonnet is a pocm of 14 lines, cach 1 The rhyme and the lack of cacsura show a
containing ten syllables. sense of complelion the happiness of the
b
childhood is reflected in the perfection of
lambic pcntameter is a linc of versc with the couplet.
five metrical feet, each consisting of one
short syllable followed by one long syllable. 2 The lines show a sadness for the dying of the
summer so they arc split and do not rhyme.
A volta is a dramatic shift in thought or This signals the negative change that is
emotion in a poem.
taking place.
A couplet is two successive lines of verse
3 The poel calls Time old and challenges him
which rhyme and are of the same length. to do his worst. The caesura shows that he
2 There is a singer everyone has heard, A cannot stop the ageing process, as it continues
nto the ncxt linc, but he says he can
Loud, a mid-summer and a mid-wood bird, A capa
his youthful love forever in his poctry.
Who makes the solid tree trunks makes it both positive and negative Wrong
Sound again. B and young is a half rhyme - again, imperfect.
He says that leaves are old and that
for flowers
6.6 Returning home
B
1 Nafwaz walked home from the school on the
Mid-summer is to spring as one to ten. last day of the year. The birds sang joyfully
He says the carly petal-fall is past D and the bluesky cheered,
When pear and cherry bloom went down Annotations should note that the jovful birds
in showers and the fact that the sky cheered indicate
Nafwaz's extreme happiness.
On sunny davsa moment overcast. D
2 The winter wind relects Beth's anger, as il is
Iambic penlameter is used throughout but stormy and yelled. The trees act as though
requires loners and showers to be pronounced they are trying to restrain her showing that
using one syllable. she feels trapped or restrained. Her anger is
3 a There is a singer everyone has heard, reflected in the rain clouds which imply that
Loud, a mid-summer and a mid-wood she may explode at any point.
bird, WIho makes the solid tree trunks 3 Example answer:
sound again. He says that leaves are old
As she drove uppoutside the house. it seemed
and that for flowers Mid-summer is to
spring as one to len. He says the carly to smile at her. The garden gate was blowing
petal-fall is past in the breeze like an open arm welcoming her
home. The flowers in the front garden danced
When pear and cherry bloom went down and waved at her as she walked up the path.
in showers
The sun shone happily in the sky as the front
On sunny days a moment overcast. door opened and she saw her mother again.

The regular rhythm and rhyme scheme

rellect the cyclical nature of the seasons
and that everything happens at its
allotted time.

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7 'The Journey Within'

7.1 The Tree to give Ceyla some sort of power as she now
believes that anything wus possible. The writer
1 A river can represent life as it fows, sometimes withholds details about what this means though.
quickly and sometimes slowly. It can be straight 2 The flashback reveals the sccret of the cmerald
or have twists and turns Waler is life-giving.
but a river can also dry up. It can be destructive ring. It makes a very dangerous situation less
when it overflows and bursts its banks. dangerous because the reader realises that
Ceyla and her mother can cscape thanks to
2 The river seems to reflect the contentment the the ring's ability to timeshift them to a date of
narrator fecls after becoming a father. The Ceyla's choosing.
river is barely moving because at that point in 3 Learners answers will vary.
his life time is standing still in the peace of the
baby sleeping at home for the first time.
7.4 The crow
3 Here the river is more turbulent because the
narrator is going through a very dillicult time 1 Annotations mav include:
in his life, with his wife unwell and his son
The character is an unlikely hero as he is
away at university. His uncertainty is rellected crying and has no confidence (sound of
in the river rising and threatening to burst its gentle crving). This creates humour.
banks -like his emotions.
4 Learners' answers will vary. Opening with question Why me? is
effective as it sets a tone of moaning.
7.2 The farmers Deep imitation of lather's voice when
quoting him is exaggerated and creates
1 This is a very formal extract. Sergot speaks comedy.
in complex sentences and uses sophisticated
vocabulary such as precious and cerennony Use of loser is comic as it is not a word
We are told she announced her words, which usually associated with a hero.
makes it sound like a formal occasion.
Pun on loser then revealing he has lost his
Ceyla's response is equally formal, as she sword creates comedy.
uses language such as gratitude instead of
thanks and honour to bestow upon e. This Use of dashes and ellipsis in For instance
is also quite old-fashioned language and this sword- the since I. hang on...
makes them sound like a high-status family, shows how hopeless and disorganised he
possibly royalty. is and creales comedy.
2 The language here is less formal as it is 2 The structure is ellective as it starts off with
fragmented due to the tension. They use him moaning and questioning why he was sent
unfinished sentences and short exclamations. on the qucst with Why me? This is uncxpected
Sergot is still high status as she snaps at Ceyla. for the hero of a fantasy story so creates
They also use contractions to abbreviate humour immediately He then refers to his
words as they are Irying not lo say too dad calling him a loser imitating his father's
much but need to communicate quickly. The deep voice as he quoles him. This builds up
language reflccts the dangerous situation that his character into a more comic one and he
they arc in. sounds more confident. When he ponders
his father's words, the word loser is used as
3 Learners' answers will vary.
a pun which makes him think about how he
loses important things He defends that by
7.3 The bronze door referring to his sword and in doing so realises
1 it is not by his side anymore. Then he starts to
The time gap implies that something amazing panic. This is a clever way of building comedy
happened in between the emerald glowing and through structure.
Ceyla leaving homne later that day. It seems

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3 Example answer: 7.6 Chosen One

Osric Oh no! What am I going to do? Dad 1 In the first extract, Rostin is not interested in
will kill me if I go home without that any responsibility. His father is in charpe of
Sword. He loves that sword. It's always the farm. giving the men their jobs for the day.
bcen his favourite. When he gave it to while Rostin stays inside and buricd his nose
me, he said it was against his better in his phone to play u new gam. He seems like
judgement, but it's passed down from a lypical leenager. In the lst extract. he has
father to son on the l6th birthday and clearly grown up and tells his father to have
being a 'man of-tradition' he didn't
some breukfust indoors while he sorts the men
have a choice. The only thing to do out. It says his broud shoulders gave him an
here is have a piece of cake and think immediate air of autlhority, which shows he has
about where I could have left it. also grown in stature. The dream in the first
extract also shows that he is troubled and lacks
Gets u large cuke from u pocket in his spae suit
and starts munching it while sturing into space confidence. as he was forever a little buy sitling
and making strange facial contortions as he watching. In the linal extract, it is clear that
thinks about the sword. Every now and again he this has not come true and in the years that
makes ajabbing gesture using the cake as the have passed he has learnt a lot about himsclf
sword. As he finishes tlhe last bite of cake, his and matured. When his father smiled it shows
fuce lights up! that he is pleased that his son is now a man.

I remember- Ilef the sword in the cake 2 In the first extract, Rostin and his lather seem
distant as they are physically divided by the
shop! I put it down so I could fumble in
my pockets lor the right change. Ah well house, which could symbolise an emotional
T'd better get back there to caim it! distance also. As his father was giring the
Dad docsn't cver nccd to know! men their jubs for the day, Rostin yawed amd
buried his nose in his phone. This shows that
he is bored of the farm and has no sense
7.5 Nothing of responsibility for helping his father. The
1 The anti-climax is eflective because it is fact that he guzed from his window onto the
unexpected. The writer builds the tension so farnyurd below suggests that he looks down
the reader thinks the ball is inevitably going on the farm - perhaps thinks it is beneath
to smash through the window. It is a complete him. There is no sense of a bond between
surprise when Bazs brother catches it as the father and son. In the linal extract. however.
rcader was not awarc of his prescnc. Although although the furmyurd looked the same, Rostin
it is an anti-climax, the reader is relieved as it clearly sces it as part of his responsibility now.
means Baz will not get into trouble. He immcdiately assumes ownership and tells
2 The ellect of changing the last twO sentences
his shuffling father to go inside and have some
breakfust while he clapped his hunds loudy
is that there is a pause while the reader waits to sort out the men for the day This implies
for Baz's father to appear and punish him. It that his father is ageing and Rostin now sees
creates more tension instead of releasing it. himself as an integral part of the larm and is
3 Learners' answers will vary. ready to take on his father's role. It is no longer
bencath him and he is no longer
es
rom it as his voice rung uround the
When his old father smiled, it shows a sense of
contentment and also pride in his son. He is
now the one inside while Rostin runs the farm.

3 Learners' answers will vary.

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8 Different lives
8.1 The aeroplane 2 a Leila is clearly ambitious and proud of
her professional achicvemcnts, which arc
1 The conflict is shown through qucstions symboliscd by her big house. Although
and commands Hclmut's language is quite Jen admires the house, she quickly starts
aggressive. He asks a question then gives to judge Leila because of her treatment
a command before Gunther can answer her employees, who earn very little.
him. There is no pause so this is deliberate. Leila had the ambition of owning a
The imperative use of' the modal verb You big house and a nice car as a child and
must gives Gunther no choice and is very has achicved it without rcally thinking
about the human cost. Lcila thinks this
dominating. Gunther's language is more
cmotive. I's suffocating! is a mctaphor uscd is immoral.
to show how trapped he feels. Ineed space is b These contrasts lead to conflict because
an appeal for more personal freedom fromn his
Leila is quick to jump on any implied
brother. His language is much more passive criticism: Imake no apology for it is
than Helmut's Helmut's curt dismissal of
defensive. Jen then jumps on the word
Nonsense! shows that he is not listening to upology and uses il against Leila. They
Gunther. He repeats You as though he knows know their values are dillerent so the
what is best for Gunther. However, Gunther's
languagc gets more assertive with the short conflict erupts very quickly because they
arc both oversensitive.
Not any nore adopting a more decisive tone.
2 The writer implies conflict through the
3 Learners answers will vary.
descriptions of the settings The wooden hut is
clearly in a bad state of repair and is directly 8.3 A different voice
contrasted to the outside of a large house. The 1 Will states that it took him a nzile to come to
woman glures angrily across the stage at the terms with things when he woke up in hospital.
house as the lights come up directly links them This implies that he was very upset for a while
and shows the audience that she is disapproving and had to learn to accept his disabilities. He
so they will sharc her ncgative attitude. The thin also states that his family were there every step
ragged child is also contrasted to the well of the way. This implies that for his family.
fed and nwell dressed man, as well as the mother's
it was a very dillicult time to0, as they had
tirvd face to the laughter in the large house. The to spend a lot of time supporting him both
impression is that poverty brings misery and physically and mentally. Will states that he
wealth brings happiness. These are deliberately took up basketball and it was a challenge
juxtaposed to create conllict.
getting the strength in my arms. This implies
3 Learners' answers will vary. that he had to work really hard and that the
baskethall may not have been enjoyable at first
8.2 Mrs Manzi but he stuck with it.

1 a
Leila is wealthy and lives in a large 2 Sarah presents Will as someone who is really
house. She employs people but does not admirable and determined. She says he was
treat them fairly. Jen is well qualitied but desperately unhappy when he came around
spends her time improving the health of in the hospital. but she knew he would find
the poor. She travels lor her work. u way to get through it. This shows that she
thinks hc is an incrcdibly strong pcrson.
b This is likcly to lead to conflict as the twin She also says the family were really proud
sisters have very different values Leila of his achievements in basketball as he was
does not care atbout the poor, whereas Jen the captuin of his team. She describes him
devotes her life to helping them. Leila cares as stronger - und huppier - than ever which
about materialistic things like a beautiful shows that she thinks he has turned his
house, whereas Jen is more nomadic. Jen is disability into a positive.
likely to disapprove of Leila.

19 ) Cambridge Lower Secondary English 9- Creamer, Clare &Rees-Bidder ©Cambridge University Press 2021
) CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY ENGLISH 9: TEACHER'S RESOURCE

3 Will's account is modest, and he focuses on second entry, so clearly much has
the people who have helped him rather than happened in between them.
himsclf. He gives credit to his family for his The tone changes from deternmincd in
recovery. Sarah, however, scems to imply the first entry to dcfcated in the second,
that it was Will himself who engineered his although it ends with a glimmer of hope.
OWn recovery, Will is also modest about his
The extracts create and build tension
basketball and does not mention being a
caplain or winning games. He focuses on the because so much is left out.
people around him and how important they 2 The first response sounds quite irritated as
are whereas Sarah focuses on how proud she is the reader is clearly not a fan of the scicnce
of Will. giving hin the most credit. fiction genre so not interested in the futuristic
technology. They also did not like the style
8.4 He for she where things are mentioned but not developed
to intrigue the reader.
1 The teacher's use of pronouns stresses that
although she can hclp the students and they The second response is obviously written
arc working together, the emphasis is now on by a fan of science-fiction so is much more
them to work hard and take responsibility positive. They want to know more about the
for their exam results It shows she is handing situation and like the unanswered questions
over the responsibility to them now as she they were left with.
cannot do it for them.
3 Learners' answers will vary.
2 The sccond specch is more supportive, in that
it implies that they are not alone when taking 8.6 A strange ship
their exams as he uses we. It makes the group
of students more of a collcctive rather than 1 This was it. The moment where anything
individuals so may be morc rcassuring for them. could happen. Anything. I left the ship.
3 Example answer:
clutching the monophore and hoping they
wouldn't scarch me The monophore was the
Speech A: answer. We needed it. Walking into the arrival
hall, my mouth going dry. I tried to move
Right, you need to get out there and put all unhurriedly. The Medean guards watched all
your elfort in to winning this game. Your the passengers. some with cases, others like
mindset needs to be more determined. Face me. travelling light. The monophore pulsed
your opponent. face your enemy and go for in my hand. A Medean turned towards me.
the win. It's up to you. I know you can do it! Hey, you!' he said. And all at oncc. Medean
Speech B:
tentacles were moving towards me...The
world stopped. The face of the guard was like
Right, we nccd to get out there and put all our wax. My legs- jelly.
efforts in to winning this game. Our mindset Conflict Mystery Tension
necds to be more determincd. Face our
opponcnt. face our cnemy and go for the win. 2 Mystery is created by the fact that the reader
It's up to us. Iknow we can do it! does not know what the monophore is or why
it is so important. We do not know why the
8.5 The transporter guards are so threatening or what will happen if
he is caught by one. Tension is created because
1 Notes will vary. but may include: the narrator is clearly afraid of being caught
The text is quite fragmented, as though with thc monophore and is very scarcd of the
the writer was in a hurry. guards He is on cdge the whole time andd says
that somcthing terrible will happen if he is
The amandene is clearly important, as it is caught. He is holding the monophore in his hand
repeated, but the reader has no idea what and it pulsed (like a heartbeat). which adds to
it is or why it is important. the lension created. Conflict is created when the
The cnding of the first entry is dircctly guard calls out to him and stares at him.
contradicted by the beginning of the 3 Learners' answers will vary.

20 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 9- Creamer, Clare &Rees-Bidder ©Cambridge University Press 2021
)CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY ENGLISH9: TEACHER'S RESOURCE

9 Strange and unusual

9.1 Stranger in a strange land My black and deep desires -shows
he knows that his ambitions and evil
1 Annotations will vary, but may consider: intenlions are wrong.
Sadness: his father has grown old; his Light versus dark is a motif here.
lather never expressed any pride in him: 2 She means that he should make his facc look
his lather is always in his thoughts; an
unresolvcd relationship. innocent and gentlc so people do not realise
what he is up to, but his evil intentions should
Disappointment: he does not feel his be underneath, ready to strike.
father was ever rcally there for him/ 3 Example answer:
expresscd pride in him.
In Mucbeth, the theme of appearance versus
Could also be read more positively
that his father was always there for him reality is explored. When Macbeth and
but never made judgements / let him Lady Macbeth decide to kill Duncan. they
be himself. must hide their deed, as they are committing
Ireason even by thinking about such an act.
2 The poem is quite ambiguous. It could Thercforc. Macbeth pretends that he is still a
be about a disappointing and unfulfilling loyal subjcct to the king as he calls the Stuars
relationship betwccn a father and son, where to hide rour fires so that the light cannot see
there is little communication. 7 grew up and my black and deep desires. This shows that he
rou gren old could show a lack of connection knows that what he is doing is wrong. Lady
between them, and the question: Was Iu Macbeth is also an expert in deception. She
disappointment to you or were you proud? could lells Macbeth to look like the innocent flonwer
be read as a criticism that his lather never to adopt an expression of innocence and
showed him affection or told him when he was gentlencss but also to be the serpent under it.
disappointed. With this interpretation. you're which refers to a snake uncxpectedly biting
alvays there in thec final line could indicate someonc. This shows that she wants Macbeth
that the poet is haunted by these unresolved to hide his evil but be ready to strike when
questions about whether his father really people least expect it.
cared for him. However. the poem could be
interpreted more positively. The first line could 9.3 Fun with Macbeth
indicate sadness about his lather growing old
1 Learners' answers will vary. They may find it
but an acceptance of the inevitability of this.
The poet questioning Wus Ia disuppointment odd to have the witches dressed as nurses, as
to you, or uere vou proud? could be the poet nurses are usually associated with being caring
admitting the fact that his father never judged and gentle to make people well again. but note
him, and you're aways ther could show his that this fits with the theme of deception and
close bond with his father. appearance versus reality.

3 Learners' aunswers will varv. 2 In the second example, the witches are dressed
as schoolgirls, deliberately causing damage.
9.2 Strange meeting They are probably younger than in the first
representation, although both versions scem
1 Annotations may include: to show them as younger than in traditional
Stars hide yor fires - he wants the stars representations of them, which are usually
of old women. In both versions, too. the
to stop shining so his evil actions can weird sisters do not behave as their outward
not be sccn /or hc wants to hide his
cvil thoughts appearance leads us to expect. so both it
with the themc of deception and appearance
Let not light see. light is seen as versus recality.
positive I darkness is needed to hide
his desires.

21) Cambridge Lower Secondary English 9- Creamer, Clare &Reos-Bidder ©Cambridge University Press 2021
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY ENGLISH 9: TEACHER'S RESOURCE

3 Both of these versions show that the witches 4 Example answer:

are deceivers who appear to be one thing but James met his friends at the cnd of the bcach
bchavc uncxpcctcdly. In the play, they trick near the carpark.
Macbeth so that fits quite well. Both show
that the witches behave in a very destructive 'Any luck?° he asked.
or unnatural way. This is true as in the play
they set ofl a chain of events which destroy They all shook their heads sadly. As expected,
the country. there was no sign of the watch.

Well, thanks for looking.' James said, slowly

9.4 An unusual job sinking to the sand, I guess that's it then.
1 Anna Jefts is described as someone who is I'm going to have to tell mum. She's going
to be furious with me. That watch cost so
completely obsessed with music, as she is
constantly moving as though she is working
much money.
out a rhythm. She is considered to be the best His fricnds looked sympathetic, but they had
young drummer in England and attends a done all that they could to help him.
renowncd music collcge.
Suddenly, James looked up and to his horror
2 The second extract shows more concern saw his nmother parking her car. She got out
about the impact of Anna's obsession with and started walking towards them. His friends
music as the writer focuses on her lack of hurriedly said their goodbyes and ran olr
concentration. There is concern that she is lowards the sea.
too young to be attending music college and
whether she is really the best young drummer James, what are you doing? I've been so
in England is not conlirmed. The writer here worried about you. You haven't been yourselr
seems to think that she has been pushed into this week. What's wrong? I just spoke to
this at a young age. Tony's mum. She said he's been helping you
find something at the beach and that you've
3 Learners' answers will vary. been in a terrible state all week. Please tell me
what's wrong so I can help.
9.5 Unusual endings Jumes fell awful. 'It's my walch, mum. I lost
1 The conventional ending here would be that it here on Sunday. I didn't know how to
James confesses to his mother that he has tell you
lost the watch and is very upset. His mother James' voice trailed off as he saw his
lells him that malerial possessions are not as
mother laugh
important as people and that she forgives him
for losing it. *Oh James! I don't know how to tell you this.
2 An unusualending may be that his mother
Ihave your watch. I took it from your room to
get a new battery put in it. I picked it up from
is puzzled and tell James that the watch is the jeweller this morning. It's on my dressing
on her dressing table at home as she took it table! Oh darling, why didn't you tell me? All
out of his drawer to put a new batlery in it. this worry over nothing.
He was not wearingit the day he went to the
bcach so his scarching and upsct has all bcen James sobbed with relicf. I thought you'd
for nothing. She tells him that if he had been be so angry wilh me and hale me for losing
honest and told her, all this worry could have something so expensive.
been avoided.
Don't be silly. Nothing is precious enough to
3 Conventional ending: Material possessions are make me hate you. Always honest, James:
not important compared to our relationships it's always the best policy. Come on...let's
with people. go home.'

Unusual cnding (in cxample 2): Honesty is

the best policy.

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)CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY ENGLISH 9: TEACHER'S RESOURCE

9.6 A twist in the tail

1 Examplc sentencCs:
a Do not shoot the messenger!
Ican see a new shoot growing.
b i Write the date at the top of your work.
ii I do not know what to wvear on our
first date.
T'urn right at the next junction,

You do not have the right to be here.

2 a Rose can mean a lower or lo gel up.
The efect here is comic.

b Hit can mean to physically strike a

person. or a sudden realisation,. The effect
here is comic.

3 Learners' answers will vary.

23 Cambridge Lower Secondary English 9-Creamer, Clare &Rees-Bidder Cambridge University Press 2021